Redescription of Dracovermis occidentalis (Digenea: Liolopidae) infecting American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis from the Bon-Secour River (Mobile-Tensaw River Delta, Alabama, USA) and a revised phylogeny for Liolopidae.

We examined several American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802) (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae) from Louisiana, Alabama, and South Carolina in August 2022. The intestine of one alligator from Alabama was infected by Dracovermis occidentalis Brooks and Overstreet, 1978 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea: Liolopidae Odhner, 1912), a seldom collected and incompletely described trematode that lacks a representative nucleotide sequence. Liolopidae comprises 5 genera and 15 species: Liolope spp. infect giant salamanders; Helicotrema spp. infect turtles and lizards; Harmotrema spp. infect snakes; Paraharmotrema spp. infect turtles; and Dracovermis spp. infect crocodilians. Based on our study of the newly collected specimens and the holotype of D. occidentalis, we redescribe D. occidentalis, correct errors in its original description, and provide an updated phylogeny for Liolopidae that, for the first time, includes Dracovermis Brooks and Overstreet, 1978. Our specimens were identified as D. occidentalis by having testes in the posterior 1/3 of the body, a pretesticular cirrus sac, a spined and eversible cirrus, a bipartite seminal vesicle, and a post-acetabular vitellarium. A phylogenetic analysis of the D1-D3 domains of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S) recovered Liolopidae as monophyletic; however, low taxon sampling in the group precludes hypothesis-testing about liolopid-vertebrate cophyly. This is the first collection for morphological study of the type species for Dracovermis since the genus was proposed 46 years ago, the first record of a liolopid from Alabama, and the first phylogenetic analysis that includes Dracovermis.

Size and fluorescence calibrated imaging flow cytometry: From arbitrary to standard units.

Imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) is a technique that can detect, size, and phenotype extracellular vesicles (EVs) at high throughput (thousands/minute) in complex biofluids without prior EV isolation. However, the generated signals are expressed in arbitrary units, which hinders data interpretation and comparison of measurement results between instruments and institutes. While fluorescence calibration can be readily achieved, calibration of side scatter (SSC) signals presents an ongoing challenge for IFCM. Here, we present an approach to relate the SSC signals to particle size for IFCM, and perform a comparability study between three different IFCMs using a plasma EV test sample (PEVTES). SSC signals for different sizes of polystyrene (PS) and hollow organosilica beads (HOBs) were acquired with a 405 nm 120 mW laser without a notch filter before detection. Mie theory was applied to relate scatter signals to particle size. Fluorescence calibration was accomplished with 2 µm phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC) MESF beads. Size and fluorescence calibration was performed for three IFCMs in two laboratories. CD235a-PE and CD61-APC stained PEVTES were used as EV-containing samples. EV concentrations were compared between instruments within a size range of 100-1000 nm and a fluorescence intensity range of 3-10,000 MESF. 81 nm PS beads could be readily discerned from background based on their SSC signals. Fitting of the obtained PS bead SSC signals with Mie theory resulted in a coefficient of determination >0.99 between theory and data for all three IFCMs. 216 nm HOBs were detected with all instruments, and confirmed the sensitivity to detect EVs by SSC. The lower limit of detection regarding EV-size for this study was determined to be ~100 nm for all instruments. Size and fluorescence calibration of IFCM data increased cross-instrument data comparability with the coefficient of variation decreasing from 33% to 21%. Here we demonstrate - for the first time - scatter calibration of an IFCM using the 405 nm laser. The quality of the scatter-to-diameter relation and scatter sensitivity of the IFCMs are similar to the most sensitive commercially available flow cytometers. This development will support the reliability of EV research with IFCM by providing robust standardization and reproducibility, which are pre-requisites for understanding the biological significance of EVs.

Alobophora sandrae n. gen. n. sp. (Digenea: Caballerotrematidae) infecting Arapaima gigas sensu lato (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae) with a revision of Caballerotrema, key to Caballerotrematidae, and updated phylogeny.

We propose and describe Alobophora sandrae Cajiao-Mora & Bullard n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Caballerotrematidae) for specimens we collected from arapaima, Arapaima gigas sensu lato (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae) in the Amazon River near Leticia, Colombia. Alobophora differs from Caballerotrema Prudhoe, 1960 by lacking head collar projections and by having clustered corner spines and a narrow head collar (4-5× wider than pharynx), whereas Caballerotrema has head collar projections, lacks clustered corner spines, and has a broad head collar (7-8× wider than pharynx). We reassign Caballerotrema annulatum (Diesing, 1850) Ostrowski de Núñez & Sattmann, 2002 to the new genus, as Alobophora annulata (Diesing, 1850) Cajiao-Mora and Bullard n. comb., and provide a supplemental description of Caballerotrema brasiliense Prudhoe, 1960 based on specimens we collected from arapaima. We also examined the holotype and a paratype of Caballerotrema piscicola (Stunkard, 1960) Kostadinova & Gibson, 2001 and concluded that C. piscicola is a junior subjective synonym of C. brasiliense. Our 28S phylogeny recovered A. sandrae sister to A. annulata, with that clade sister to a clade comprising C. brasiliense and an innominate species of Caballerotrema. Caballerotrematidae was recovered sister to Echinostomatidae. We also provide a dichotomous key to caballerotrematids based on head collar projections, corner spine arrangement, proportional pharynx and head collar breadth, testes shape and arrangement, body surface spine shape and distribution, vitellarium distribution, and abundance of prostatic cells.

Title: Alobophora sandrae n. gen. n. sp. (Digenea : Caballerotrematidae) infectant Arapaima gigas sensu lato (Osteoglossiformes : Arapaimidae) avec une révision de Caballerotrema, une clé des Caballerotrematidae et une phylogénie mise à jour. Abstract: Nous proposons et décrivons Alobophora sandrae Cajiao-Mora & Bullard n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea : Caballerotrematidae) pour les spécimens que nous avons collectés chez l'arapaïma, Arapaima gigas sensu lato (Osteoglossiformes : Arapaimidae) dans le fleuve Amazone près de Leticia (Colombie). Alobophora diffère de Caballerotrema Prudhoe, 1960 par l'absence de projections du collier céphalique et par la présence d'épines angulaires groupées et d'un collier céphalique étroit (4 à 5 fois plus large que le pharynx), tandis que Caballerotrema présente des projections du collier céphalique, n'a pas d'épines angulaires groupées et a un collier céphalique large (7 à 8 fois plus large que le pharynx). Nous réaffectons Caballerotrema annulatum (Diesing, 1850) Ostrowski de Núñez & Sattmann, 2002 au nouveau genre, sous le nom d'Alobophora annulata (Diesing, 1850) Cajiao-Mora et Bullard n. comb., et fournissons une description supplémentaire de Caballerotrema brasiliense Prudhoe, 1960 basée sur des spécimens que nous avons collectés sur des arapaïmas. Nous avons également examiné l'holotype et un paratype de Caballerotrema piscicola (Stunkard, 1960) Kostadinova & Gibson, 2001 et avons conclu que C. piscicola est un synonyme subjectif junior de C. brasiliense. Notre phylogénie 28S a trouvé A. sandrae groupe-frère d'A. annulata, avec ce clade frère d'un clade comprenant C. brasiliense et une espèce non nommée de Caballerotrema. Les Caballerotrematidae ont été trouvés comme groupe-frère des Echinostomatidae. Nous fournissons également une clé dichotomique des Caballerotrematidae basée sur les projections du collier de la tête, la disposition des épines d'angle, la largeur proportionnelle du pharynx et du collier de la tête, la forme et la disposition des testicules, la forme et la distribution des épines de la surface du corps, la distribution du vitellarium et l'abondance des cellules prostatiques.

SUPPLEMENTAL DESCRIPTION OF CABALLEROTREMA ANNULATUM (DIESING, 1850) OSTROWSKI DE NÚÑEZ AND SATTMANN, 2002 (DIGENEA: CABALLEROTREMATIDAE) FROM A NEW HOST (ELECTROPHORUS CF. VARII) AND LOCALITY (AMAZON RIVER, COLOMBIA) WITH PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND EMENDED GENERIC DIAGNOSIS.

Herein, we provide a supplemental description of Caballerotrema annulatum (Diesing, 1850) Ostrowski de Núñez and Sattmann, 2002 (Digenea: Caballerotrematidae Tkach, Kudlai, and Kostadinova, 2016) based on specimens collected from the intestine of an electric eel, Electrophorus cf. varii (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) captured in the Amazon River (Colombia). This caballerotrematid can be differentiated from its congeners by the following combination of morphological features: body surface spines forming contiguous transverse rows, concentric (wrapping dorso-ventrally around body), distributing into posterior body half (vs. restricted to anterior body half in Caballerotrema brasiliensePrudhoe, 1960; indeterminate for Caballerotrema aruanenseThatcher, 1980 and Caballerotrema piscicola [Stunkard, 1960] Kostadinova and Gibson, 2001); head collar lacking projections (vs. having them in C. brasiliense, C. aruanense, and C. piscicola), narrow (head collar more narrow than maximum body width vs. the head collar being obviously wider than the body in C. brasiliense, C. aruanense, and C. piscicola); corner spines clustered (vs. corner spines distributing as 2 separated pairs in C. brasiliense, C. aruanense, and C. piscicola); pharynx approximately at level of the corner spines (vs. pharynx far anterior to corner spines in C. brasiliense, C. aruanense, and C. piscicola); and testes ovoid and nonoverlapping (C. aruanense; vs. sinuous and overlapping in C. brasiliense and C. piscicola). Based on our results, we revise the diagnosis of CaballerotremaPrudhoe, 1960 to include features associated with the shape and distribution of body surface spines, orientation and position of head collar spines, cirrus sac, seminal vesicle, oviduct, Laurer's canal, oötype, vitellarium, and transverse vitelline ducts. We performed Bayesian inference analyses using the partial large subunit ribosomal (28S) DNA gene. Our 28S sequence of C. annulatum was recovered sister to that of Caballerotrema sp. (which is the only other caballerotrematid sequence available in GenBank) from an arapaima, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae) in the Peruvian Amazon. Our sequence of C. annulatum comprises the only caballerotrematid sequenced tethered to a morphological description and a voucher specimen in a lending museum. The present study is a new host record and new locality record for C. annulatum. The phylogeny comprises the most resolved and taxon-rich evolutionary hypothesis for Echinostomatoidea published to date.

Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic performance of CNSide™ versus standard cytology for leptomeningeal disease.

Background: This retrospective study compares the real-world performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CNSide™ versus cytology in leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Methods: Consecutive patients with suspected LMD who underwent lumbar punctures for CSF cytology and CNSide™ from January 2020 to December 2022 were reviewed. LMD was classified by EANO criteria. Descriptive statistics, confusion matrix, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional regression were used. Results: Median age for 87 evaluable patients was 63 years (range: 23-93); 82 (94%) met EANO criteria for possible/probable/confirmed LMD (EANO/LMD). The commonest primary cancers were breast (36,44.0%) and lung (34,41.5%). Primary lung harbored actionable mutations in 18 (53.0%); primary breast expressed hormone receptors in 27 (75%), and HER2 amplification in 8 (22%). Uncontrolled systemic disease was detected in 35 (40%), while 25 (46%) received systemic therapy with medium/high CNS penetrance at LMD diagnosis. The median time from initial cancer to LMD diagnosis was 31 months (range: 13-73). LMD was confirmed by CSF cytology in 23/82 (28%), all identified by CNSide™. CNSide™ identified 13 additional cases (36/82, 43.9%), increasing diagnostic yield by 56.5%. Median overall survival (mOS) was 31 weeks (95%CI: 21-43), significantly worse for CNSide™ positive versus negative: 4.0 versus 16.0 weeks, respectively (HR = 0.50, P = .010). While survival since LMD diagnosis did not differ by histology, time to LMD diagnosis from initial cancer diagnosis was longer for breast (48.5 months, IQR: 30.0-87.5) versus lung (8 months, IQR:0.5-16.0) cohorts. mOS was longer for patients eligible for intrathecal chemotherapy (HR: 0.189, 95%CI: 0.053-0.672, P = .010). Conclusions: This retrospective, real-world analysis of CNSide™ showed increased sensitivity versus cytology and provided clinically relevant molecular CSF analyses.

A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma.

Developmental signaling pathways associated with growth factors such as TGFb are commonly dysregulated in melanoma. Here we identified a human TGFb enhancer specifically activated in melanoma cells treated with TGFB1 ligand. We generated stable transgenic zebrafish with this TGFb Induced Enhancer driving green fluorescent protein (TIE:EGFP). TIE:EGFP was not expressed in normal melanocytes or early melanomas but was expressed in spatially distinct regions of advanced melanomas. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells down-regulated interferon response while up-regulating a novel set of chronic TGFb target genes. ChIP-sequencing demonstrated that AP-1 factor binding is required for activation of chronic TGFb response. Overexpression of SATB2, a chromatin remodeler associated with tumor spreading, showed activation of TGFb signaling in early melanomas. Confocal imaging and flow cytometric analysis showed that macrophages localize to TIE:EGFP+ regions and preferentially phagocytose TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells compared to TIE:EGFP- melanoma cells. This work identifies a TGFb induced immune response and demonstrates the need for the development of chronic TGFb biomarkers to predict patient response to TGFb inhibitors.

Decoding Early Psychoses: Unraveling Stable Microstructural Features Associated With Psychopathology Across Independent Cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Patients with early psychosis (EP) (within 3 years after psychosis onset) show significant variability, which makes predicting outcomes challenging. Currently, little evidence exists for stable relationships between neural microstructural properties and symptom profiles across EP diagnoses, which limits the development of early interventions. METHODS: A data-driven approach, partial least squares correlation, was used across 2 independent datasets to examine multivariate relationships between white matter properties and symptomatology and to identify stable and generalizable signatures in EP. The primary cohort included patients with EP from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis (n = 124). The replication cohort included patients with EP from the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (n = 78) as part of the MEND (Multimodal Evaluation of Neural Disorders) Project. Both samples included individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic mood disorders. RESULTS: In both cohorts, a significant latent component corresponded to a symptom profile that combined negative symptoms, primarily diminished expression, with specific somatic symptoms. Both latent components captured comprehensive features of white matter disruption, primarily a combination of subcortical and frontal association fibers. Strikingly, the partial least squares model trained on the primary cohort accurately predicted microstructural features and symptoms in the replication cohort. Findings were not driven by diagnosis, medication, or substance use. CONCLUSIONS: This data-driven transdiagnostic approach revealed a stable and replicable neurobiological signature of microstructural white matter alterations in EP across diagnoses and datasets, showing strong covariance of these alterations with a unique profile of negative and somatic symptoms. These findings suggest the clinical utility of applying data-driven approaches to reveal symptom domains that share neurobiological underpinnings.

Photosymbiont Density Is Correlated with Constitutive And Induced Immunity in The Facultatively Symbiotic Coral, Astrangia Poculata.

Scleractinian corals, essential ecosystem engineers that form the base of coral reef ecosystems, have faced unprecedented mortality in recent decades due to climate-change related stressors, including disease outbreaks. Despite this emergent threat to corals, many questions still remain regarding mechanisms underlying observed variation in disease susceptibility. Recent data suggests at least some degree of variation in disease response may be linked to variability in the relationship between host corals and their algal photosymbionts (Family Symbiodiniaceae). Still, the nuances of connections between symbiosis and immunity in cnidarians, including scleractinian corals, remain poorly understood. Here we leveraged an emergent model species, the facultatively symbiotic, temperate, scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata, to investigate associations between symbiont density and both constitutive and induced immunity. We used a combination of controlled immune challenges with heat-inactivated pathogens and transcriptomic analyses. Our results demonstrate that A. poculata mounts a robust initial response to pathogenic stimuli that is highly similar to responses documented in tropical corals. We document positive associations between symbiont density and both constitutive and induced immune responses, in agreement with recent preliminary studies in A. poculata. A suite of immune genes, including those coding for antioxidant peroxiredoxin biosynthesis, are positively associated with symbiont density in A. poculata under constitutive conditions. Furthermore, variation in symbiont density is associated with distinct patterns of immune response; low symbiont density corals induce preventative immune mechanisms whereas high symbiont density corals mobilize energetic resources to fuel humoral immune responses. In summary, our study reveals the need for more nuanced study of symbiosis-immune interplay across diverse scleractinian corals, preferably including quantitative energy budget analysis for full disentanglement of these complex associations and their effects on pathogen susceptibility.

Decoding Early Psychoses: Unraveling Stable Microstructural Features Associated with Psychopathology Across Independent Cohorts.

Background: Early Psychosis patients (EP, within 3 years after psychosis onset) show significant variability, making outcome predictions challenging. Currently, little evidence exists for stable relationships between neural microstructural properties and symptom profiles across EP diagnoses, limiting the development of early interventions. Methods: A data-driven approach, Partial Least Squares (PLS) correlation, was used across two independent datasets to examine multivariate relationships between white matter (WM) properties and symptomatology, to identify stable and generalizable signatures in EP. The primary cohort included EP patients from the Human Connectome Project-Early Psychosis (n=124). The replication cohort included EP patients from the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (n=78). Both samples included individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic mood disorders. Results: In both cohorts, a significant latent component (LC) corresponded to a symptom profile combining negative symptoms, primarily diminished expression, with specific somatic symptoms. Both LCs captured comprehensive features of WM disruption, primarily a combination of subcortical and frontal association fibers. Strikingly, the PLS model trained on the primary cohort accurately predicted microstructural features and symptoms in the replication cohort. Findings were not driven by diagnosis, medication, or substance use. Conclusions: This data-driven transdiagnostic approach revealed a stable and replicable neurobiological signature of microstructural WM alterations in EP, across diagnoses and datasets, showing a strong covariance of these alterations with a unique profile of negative and somatic symptoms. This finding suggests the clinical utility of applying data-driven approaches to reveal symptom domains that share neurobiological underpinnings.

Neurotoxic effects of home radon exposure on oscillatory dynamics serving attentional orienting in children and adolescents.

Radon is a naturally occurring gas that contributes significantly to radiation in the environment and is the second leading cause of lung cancer globally. Previous studies have shown that other environmental toxins have deleterious effects on brain development, though radon has not been studied as thoroughly in this context. This study examined the impact of home radon exposure on the neural oscillatory activity serving attention reorientation in youths. Fifty-six participants (ages 6-14 years) completed a classic Posner cuing task during magnetoencephalography (MEG), and home radon levels were measured for each participant. Time-frequency spectrograms indicated stronger theta (3-7 Hz, 300-800 ms), alpha (9-13 Hz, 400-900 ms), and beta responses (14-24 Hz, 400-900 ms) during the task relative to baseline. Source reconstruction of each significant oscillatory response was performed, and validity maps were computed by subtracting the task conditions (invalidly cued - validly cued). These validity maps were examined for associations with radon exposure, age, and their interaction in a linear regression design. Children with greater radon exposure showed aberrant oscillatory activity across distributed regions critical for attentional processing and attention reorientation (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex). Generally, youths with greater radon exposure exhibited a reverse neural validity effect in almost all regions and showed greater overall power relative to peers with lesser radon exposure. We also detected an interactive effect between radon exposure and age where youths with greater radon exposure exhibited divergent developmental trajectories in neural substrates implicated in attentional processing (e.g., bilateral prefrontal cortices, superior temporal gyri, and inferior parietal lobules). These data suggest aberrant, but potentially compensatory neural processing as a function of increasing home radon exposure in areas critical for attention and higher order cognition.

Drug use and COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and infection among underserved, minority communities in Miami, Florida.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted people who use drugs (PWUD). This study explored relationships between drug use, COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Miami, Florida between March 2021 and October 2022 as part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiative and the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Users of cannabis, cocaine/crack, heroin/fentanyl, methamphetamines, hallucinogens, and/or prescription drug misuse in the previous 12 months were considered PWUD. Sociodemographic data, COVID-19 testing history, and vaccination-related beliefs were self-reported. Vaccinations were confirmed with medical records and positivity was determined with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. Of 1,780 participants, median age was 57 years, 50.7% were male, 50.2% Non-Hispanic Black, and 66.0% reported an annual income less than $15,000. Nearly 28.0% used drugs. PWUD were less likely than non-users to self-report ever testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (14.7% vs. 21.0%, p = 0.006). However, 2.6% of participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with no significant differences between PWUD and non-users (3.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.076). PWUD were more likely than non-users to experience difficulties accessing testing (10.2% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.033), vaccine hesitancy (58.9% vs. 43.4%, p = 0.002) and had lower odds of receiving any dose of a COVID-19 vaccine compared to non-users (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.49-0.81; p<0.001). PWUD presented with greater difficulties accessing COVID-19 testing, greater vaccine hesitancy, and lower odds of vaccination. Testing and immunization plans that are tailored to the needs of PWUD and consider access, trust-building campaigns, and education may be needed.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE DENDRITOBILHARZIA PULVERULENTA (BRAUN, 1901) SKRJABIN, 1924 FROM TWO NEW AVIAN HOSTS IN NAMIBIA WITH PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES AND COMMENTS ON SEVERAL TAXONOMICALLY UNCERTAIN AVIAN SCHISTOSOME SEQUENCES.

During a 2021 parasitological survey of birds in the Nyae Nyae-Khaudum Dispersal Area (Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, Namibia), we collected 9 specimens of Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (Braun, 1901) Skrjabin, 1924 infecting the blood (heart lumen) of a white-backed duck, Thalassornis leuconotus (Eyton, 1838) (Anseriformes: Anatidae), and a fulvous whistling duck, Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) (Anatidae). These flukes were fixed for morphology and preserved for DNA extraction. We assigned our specimens to DendritobilharziaSkrjabin and Zakharow, 1920 because they were strongly dorso-ventrally flattened in both sexes and had an intestinal cyclocoel with a zig-zag common cecum with lateral dendritic ramifications, numerous testes posterior to the cyclocoel and flanking the dendritic ramifications, and a tightly compacted convoluted ovary as well as lacking an oral sucker, ventral sucker, and gynaecophoric canal. Further, our specimens were morphologically identical to previously published descriptions of D. pulverulenta. Sequences of the 28S from our specimens were nearly identical to those identified as D. pulverulenta from North America (New Mexico), and our 28S phylogenetic analysis recovered D. pulverulenta within a polytomy of other Gigantobilharziinae spp. The CO1 phylogenetic analysis recovered a monophyletic Dendritobilharzia and, with low taxon sampling, a monophyletic Gigantobilharzia. This is the first record of a species of Dendritobilharzia infecting these ducks as well as the first record of an adult Dendritobilharzia from sub-Saharan Africa. The original description of adult D. pulverulenta (type locality: northern Sudan) was based on 2 males only, and hence the present study is the first description of female D. pulverulenta from Africa (the continent of the type locality). We reassign 2 Gigantobilharziinae spp. based on morphology and nucleotide evidence: Gigantobilharzia ensenadense (Lorenti, Brant, Gilardoni, Diaz, and Cremonte, 2022) Dutton and Bullard, n. comb., and Gigantobilharzia patagonense (Lorenti, Brant, Gilardoni, Diaz, and Cremonte, 2022) Dutton and Bullard, n. comb. We also comment on several avian schistosome sequences whose identities need confirmation or that likely have been misidentified.

Complications of Nasal Tip Stabilizing Grafts with Autologous Versus Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage in Septorhinoplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Complications associated with the use of autologous and homologous costal cartilage for nasal tip stabilizing grafts in septorhinoplasty are not well understood. Objective: The authors review current literature to evaluate complications associated with autologous and irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) used for septal extension and columellar strut grafts in rhinoplasty. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov. Articles that used autologous or IHCC for either septal extension or columellar strut grafts in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty were included. The primary outcomes analyzed were postoperative complications. Results: A total of 14 studies representing 1358 patients were included. The pooled complication rate was 4.7%. IHCC grafts were associated with a higher incidence of complications (n = 21, 5.0% vs. n = 44, 4.6%, p = 0.01). Resorption was the most common complication in the IHCC group and occurred significantly more frequently than in the autologous costal cartilage (ACC) group (n = 10, 2.4% vs. n = 5, 0.49%, p = 0.002). Deviation/warping was the most common complication in the ACC group (n = 16, 1.7%). Conclusion: Autologous and irradiated homologous costal rhinoplasties remain safe procedures. The increased incidence of resorption associated with IHCC grafts should be considered during preoperative planning.

Efficacy of memory protocols in 9- to 89-year-olds' memory for prior contacts.

Memory for prior contacts has several important applied implications, including contact tracing (for communicable diseases). Incomplete episodic memory reports, which occur across the developmental lifespan but are particularly relevant for children and older adults, may hamper such efforts. Prior research has shown that cognitively informed memory techniques may bolster recall of contacts in adults, but that work has not addressed the developmental efficacy of these techniques. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of such techniques for familiar and unfamiliar contacts within a sample of 9- to 89-year-olds in the context of an ongoing pandemic. The tested memory techniques bolstered recall across the lifespan, irrespective of whether the interview was conducted live with an interviewer or via a self-led interview. Children, emerging adults, and adults did not reveal any differences in memory productivity, however, older adults recalled fewer contacts. Implications for theory and application are discussed.

Community-Engaged Research: COVID-19 Testing, Infection, and Vaccination among Underserved Minority Communities in Miami, Florida.

Community collaboration is a cornerstone of modern public health efforts. This work aimed to use community-engaged research to explore COVID-19 vaccination, testing, and infection in a minoritized community. This study was conducted in Miami, Florida, from March 2021 to February 2022 in community partner sites and the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination and testing beliefs, and COVID-19 challenges were self-reported. COVID-19 vaccinations were verified with medical records, testing history was self-reported, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity was determined via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). Of 1689 participants, the median age was 57, 51% were male, 49% were non-Hispanic Black, 66% reported an income < USD 15,000/year, and 75.9% received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Belief that COVID-19 vaccination is effective was associated with lower odds of COVID-19 positivity and was the strongest predictor of vaccination. Challenges accessing health care, housing, food, and transportation were associated with lower odds of vaccination. Employment, health insurance, higher education, and greater perceived test accuracy were associated with greater odds of COVID-19 testing. Social determinants of health and the belief that vaccines are effective and tests are accurate predicted behaviors and thus should be considered during public health crises in vulnerable communities.

Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis elicits gut-brain axis relevant multi-omic signatures and behavioral and neuroendocrine changes in a nonhuman primate model.

Emerging evidence indicates that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, most of this evidence comes from rodent models. The objective of this study was to evaluate if antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can elicit changes in gut metabolites and behavior indicative of gut-brain axis disruption in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) - a nonhuman primate model often used to study sociability and stress. We were able to successfully induce dysbiosis in marmosets using a custom antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin, enrofloxacin and neomycin) administered orally for 28 days. This gut dysbiosis altered gut metabolite profiles, behavior, and stress reactivity. Increase in gut Fusobacterium spp. post-antibiotic administration was a novel dysbiotic response and has not been observed in any rodent or human studies to date. There were significant changes in concentrations of several gut metabolites which are either neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA and serotonin) or have been found to be moderators of gut-brain axis communication in rodent models (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and bile acids). There was an increase in affiliative behavior and sociability in antibiotic-administered marmosets, which might be a coping mechanism in response to gut dysbiosis-induced stress. Increase in urinary cortisol levels after multiple stressors provides more definitive proof that this model of dysbiosis may cause disrupted communication between gut and brain in common marmosets. This study is a first attempt to establish common marmosets as a novel model to study the impact of severe gut dysbiosis on gut-brain axis cross-talk and behavior.

First report of a fish blood fluke from sub-Saharan Africa: Nomasanguinicola dentata (Paperna, 1964) Warren and Bullard, 2023 infecting African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Teugles, 1982 in the Kavango River, Namibia, and a revised phylogeny for Sanguinicolidae Poche, 1926.

We herein provide a supplemental description of Nomasanguinicola dentata (Paperna, 1964) Warren and Bullard, 2023 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) and provide a revised 28S phylogeny to test relationships among freshwater fish blood flukes. We examined the heart of three African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Teugles, 1982 from the Kavango River (northeastern Namibia) that was infected with adults of N. dentata. This blood fluke differs from N. canthoensis by having a body 5.3-6.7 longer than wide (vs. 3.5-4.6), an anterior esophageal swelling 7-8% (vs. 14-24%) of total esophageal length, a posterior esophageal swelling 3-5% (vs. 8-10%) of total esophageal length, a pre-cecal (vs. wholly post-cecal) testis, and an ovary that does not extend laterally beyond the nerve cords. The 28S sequence for N. dentata differed from that of N. canthoensis by 144 bp (9% difference). The phylogenetic analysis recovered these species as sister taxa and Sanguinicolidae as monophyletic. This is the first report of a fish blood fluke from sub-Saharan Africa, and the first report of a species of Nomasanguinicola from Africa in ∼40 yrs.

Disability and COVID-19: Challenges, testing, vaccination, and postponement and avoidance of medical care among minoritized communities.

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities face heightened vulnerability to COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated (1) the relationships between disability and COVID-19-related challenges, testing, vaccination, and infection and (2) predictors of loss of healthcare coverage and postponement and avoidance of medical care during the pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Miami, Florida, between March 2021 and February 2022 as part of the NIH Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations initiative. Disability was defined using a standard measure that assesses six universal functions. Participants reported sociodemographic data, COVID-19 testing, infection history, challenges, and healthcare history. Vaccinations were confirmed with medical records and COVID-19 positivity was assessed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 1,689 participants with a median age of 57.0, 50.6% were male, and 48.9% were non-Hispanic Black. Disability was associated with greater odds of all assessed COVID-19 challenges: healthcare (aOR:1.60; 95% CI:1.23-2.07), housing (aOR:2.15; 95% CI:1.62-2.87), insufficient food (aOR:1.97; 95% CI:1.54-2.52), water scarcity (aOR:2.33; 95% CI:1.60-3.37), medications (aOR:2.04; 95% CI:1.51-2.77), and transportation (aOR:2.56; 95% CI:1.95-3.36). Those reporting employment disability were less likely to have received COVID-19 testing (81.1% vs. 85.3%, p = 0.026) or to have history of COVID-19 positivity (aOR:0.63; 95% CI:0.44-0.92). Disability predicted avoidance (aOR:2.76; 95% CI:1.95-3.91) and postponement (aOR: 2.24; 95% CI:1.72-2.91) of medical care. CONCLUSIONS: Disability is associated with higher odds of COVID-19 challenges and postponement and avoidance of medical care. Those reporting employment disability had a lower likelihood of COVID-19 testing. Public health responses to healthcare crises should prioritize the special challenges of people living with disabilities.

Big team science initiatives: A catalyst for trustworthy advancements in IO psychology.

Keener et al. (2023) raise concerns about the trustworthiness of Industrial/Organizational (IO) Psychology research and related fields due to the low reproducibility and replicability of research findings. The authors provide various solutions to resolve this crisis, such as improving training, realigning incentives, and adopting open science practices. Our commentary elaborates on one solution to which they briefly allude: Big Team Science Initiatives (BTSIs). BTSIs allow scholars to address the trustworthiness of our science by facilitating large sample theory testing, sharing and allocating resources, and selecting appropriate research strategies, all of which support the reproducibility and replication of research. Further, we propose that BTSIs may facilitate researcher training, encourage data sharing and materials, and realign incentives in our field. We discuss how BTSIs could be implemented in IO psychology and related fields, identifying and drawing upon similar BTSIs in related disciplines. Thus, our commentary is an extension of the focal article, encouraging scholars to collaboratively address the "crisis of confidence" facing our field using a big team science approach.