Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity against Colon Cancer Cells of Some Cinnamaldehyde-Based Chalcone Derivatives.

The purpose of the current investigation was to produce cinammaldehyde-based chalcone derivatives (3a-k) to evaluate their potential effectiveness as antioxidant and inhibitory agents versus human Caco-2 cancer cells. The findings obtained using the DPPH assay showed that compound 3e had the highest effective antioxidant activity with the best IC50 value compared with the other compounds. Moreover, the cytotoxic findings revealed that compound 3e was the best compound for inhibiting Caco-2 development in contrast to all other produced derivatives, with the lowest IC50 concentration (32.19 ± 3.92 µM), and it also had no detrimental effects on healthy human lung cells (wi38 cells). Exposure of Caco-2 cells with this IC50 value of compound 3e resulted in a substantial rise in the number of early and late cells that are apoptotic with a significant comet nucleus when compared with control cells employing the annexin V/PI and comet evaluations, respectively. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and ELISA examinations indicated that compound 3e significantly altered the expression of genes and their relative proteins related to apoptosis in the treated Caco-2 cells, thus significantly inhibiting Caco-2 growth through activating Caspase-3 via an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. As a result, compound 3e could serve as an effective therapy for human colon cancer.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of novel aryldiazenyl disperse dyes on polyester fabrics.

Azo dyes are widely used for dyeing polyester fabrics but require optimization of properties like color strength and fastness. Fourteen novel disperse azo dyes were synthesized from 2,3-naphthalenediol and aniline derivatives to examine their potential for polyester dyeing. The dyes were prepared via diazotization and coupling reactions and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, several techniques were employed to study the azo-hydrazone tautomerism, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and computational methods. DFT computations revealed hydrazone tautomers were more stable than azo tautomers. The prepared azo dyes were applied on polyester fabrics at 2% depth using a high temperature pressure technique in water utilizing DYEWELL-002 as a dispersing agent. The color shading of dyed polyester samples ranged from peach amber to apple of my eye, depending on the coupler moieties. The fastness properties, assessed using a grey scale of dyed polyester fabrics, indicated very good to excellent grades for most dyes. Additionally, measurements of color strength (K/S), dye exhaustion (%E), as well as colorimetric colors CILAB of dyed polyester fabrics values, were measured and discussed in terms of the effect of substituents. The findings provide new insights into structure-performance relationships to design optimized disperse dyes for polyester coloration. Overall, the synthesized aryldiazenyl dyes are promising candidates for dyeing polyester fabrics across a spectrum of shades with good fastness properties.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of New N,N'-Diarylthiourea Derivative against Breast Cancer Cells.

The goal of the current study was to prepare two new homologous series of N,N'-diarylurea and N,N'-diarylthiourea derivatives to investigate the therapeutic effects of these derivatives on the methodologies of inhibition directed on human MCF-7 cancer cells. The molecular structures of the prepared derivatives were successfully revealed through elemental analyses, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic results showed that Diarylthiourea (compound 4) was the most effective in suppressing MCF-7 cell growth when compared to all other prepared derivatives, with the most effective IC50 value (338.33 ± 1.52 µM) after an incubation period of 24 h and no cytotoxic effects on normal human lung cells (wi38 cells). Using the annexin V/PI and comet tests, respectively, treated MCF-7 cells with this IC50 value of the Diarylthiourea 4 compound displayed a considerable increase in early and late apoptotic cells, as well as an intense comet nucleus in comparison to control cells. An arrest of the cell cycle in the S phase was observed via flow cytometry in MCF-7 cells treated with the Diarylthiourea 4 compound, suggesting the onset of apoptosis. Additionally, ELISA research showed that caspase-3 was upregulated in MCF-7 cells treated with compound 4 compared to control cells, suggesting that DNA damage induced by compound 4 may initiate an intrinsic apoptotic pathway and activate caspase-3. These results contributed to recognizing that the successfully prepared Diarylthiourea 4 compound inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells by arresting the S cell cycle and caspase-3 activation via an intrinsic apoptotic route. These results, however, need to be verified through in vivo studies utilizing an animal model.

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and dyeing performance of novel bis azo dyes derived from benzidine.

Benzidine was coupled with ethyl cyanoacetate, and malononitrile, to give azo-hydrazo products which in turn were cyclized by using hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine to give 4,4'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diylbis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis pyrazole derivatives 5-7. These compounds were identified by various spectral analysis. The examination of 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl in DMF revealed that the λmax of the synthesized dyes are quite sensitive to pH variation and slightly affected by the coupler moieties. Utilizing the dispersion agent DYEWELL-002, polyester fabric (PE-F) was dyed in water. The color strength (K/S), its summation (K/Ssum), dye exhaustion (%E) and reflectance values were measured and discussed. The DFT method estimates the chemical descriptor parameters of the titled dyes, using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level to investigate the performance of dyes as well as to postulate a mechanism of dyeing process.

Synthesis of New Liquid-Crystalline Compounds Based on Terminal Benzyloxy Group: Characterization, DFT and Mesomorphic Properties.

The effect of the terminal benzyloxy group on the mesomorphic properties of liquid crystalline materials developed from rod-like Schiff base has been described. For this objective, a novel Schiff base liquid crystal family, specifically new series of Schiff base liquid crystals, namely, (E)-4-(alkyloxy)-N-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)aniline, In, are prepared and investigated in detail. The length of the terminal alkyloxy chain (n) varies amongst the compounds in the series. Where n varies between 6, 8 and 16 carbons. At the other end of the compounds, benzyloxy moiety was attached. The molecular structures of all synthesized compounds were established using different spectroscopic techniques. The molecular self-assembly was explored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). Depending on the length of the terminal alkyloxy chain, only one type of SmA phase with different stability was observed. The previously reported para-substituted systems and the present investigated compounds were compared and discussed. The calculated quantum chemical parameters were computationally correlated using the DFT method via the B3LYP 6-311G(d,p) basis set. The theoretical computations revealed that the length of the alkyl side chain influences the zero-point energy, reactivity and other estimated thermodynamic parameters of benzoyloxy/azomethine derivatives. Furthermore, the FMO energy analysis shows that molecule I16 have higher HOMO energies than the other compounds, and I6 has a much lower LUMO level than the rest.

Synthesis and characterization of new imine liquid crystals based on terminal perfluoroalkyl group.

New organic derivatives named, (E)-3(or4) -(alkyloxy)-N-{(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene}aniline, 1a-f, were synthesized and examined their liquid crystalline behaviors. FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, elemental analyses and GCMS were used to validate the prepared compounds' chemical structures. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) to investigate the mesomorphic characteristics of the formed Schiff bases. All tested compounds of series 1a-c have mesomorphic behaviour of nematogenic temperature ranges while the group 1d-f show non-mesomorphic properties. Moreover, it was found that the enantiotropic N phases included all of the homologue 1a-c. Computational studies using DFT (density functional theory) validated the experimental mesomorphic behavior results. All the analyzed compounds had their dipole moments, polarizability, and reactivity characteristics explained. Theoretical simulations showed that as the length of the terminal chain is increased, the polarizability of the stuided compounds increases. Consequently, compounds 1a and 1d have the least polarizability.

Pyrimidines-Based Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Cytoxicity Evaluation and Molecular Docking.

A variety of structurally different pyrimidines were synthesized. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the chemical structures of all prepared compounds. The synthesized pyrimidines were screened against the growth of five human cancer cell lines (prostate carcinoma PC3, liver carcinoma HepG-2, human colon cancer HCT-116, human breast cancer MCF-7, human lung cancer A-549), and normal human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) using MTT assay. Most of the screened pyrimidines have anti-proliferative activity on the growth of the PC3 cell line. Compounds 3b and 3d were more potent than the reference vinblastine sulfate (~2 to 3 × fold) and they can be considered promising leads for treating prostate cancer disease. Moreover, the screened compounds 3b, 3f, 3g, 3h, and 5 were assessed according to the values of their selectivity index (SI) and were found to be more selective and safer than vinblastine sulfate. Furthermore, using in silico computational tools, the physicochemical properties of all pyrimidine ligands were assessed, and the synthesized compounds fall within the criteria of RO5, thus having the potential to be orally bioavailable.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Screening of Piperazines Bearing N,N'-Bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole) Moiety as Probable Enoyl-ACP Reductase Inhibitors.

A new N,N'-disubstituted piperazine conjugated with 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole was prepared and the chemical structures were identified by IR, NMR and elemental analysis. All the prepared compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial results indicated that the tested compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against gram-negative strains, especially E. coli, relative to gram-positive bacteria. Docking analysis was performed to support the biological results; binding modes with the active site of enoyl reductase amino acids from E. coli showed very good scores, ranging from -6.1090 to -9.6184 kcal/mol. Correlation analysis was performed for the inhibition zone (nm) and the docking score.

Novel piperazine based compounds as potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Protease Enzyme: Synthesis and molecular docking study.

Structurally diverse piperazine-based compounds hybrid with thiadiazole, isatin or with sulfur/nitrogen, functionalities were synthesized. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their spectral data and elemental analysis. The physicochemical, bioactivity scores and pharmacokinetic behavior of all the prepared ligands were evaluated using in silico computational tools. The new piperazine ligands have been screened for their inhibition activity against SARS-CoV-2 protease enzyme using molecular docking analysis. The docking studies showed that all the ligands have been docked with negative dock energy onto the target protease protein. Moreover, Molecular interaction studies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 protease enzyme had strong hydrogen bonding interactions with piperazine ligands. The present in silico study thus, provided some guidance to facilitate drug design targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Substituted Quinoxalines.

A number of new symmetrically and asymmetrically 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines were synthesized through functionalization of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (2,3-DCQ) with a variety of sulfur and/or nitrogen nucleophiles. The structures of the obtained compounds were established based on their spectral data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity for the prepared compounds was investigated against four bacterial species and two fungal strains. The symmetrically disubstituted quinoxalines 2, 3, 4, and 5 displayed the most significant antibacterial activity, while compounds 6a, 6b, and the pentacyclic compound 10 showed considerable antifungal activity. Furthermore, compounds 3f, 6b showed broad antimicrobial spectrum against most of the tested strains.