Subject(s)
Corynebacterium Infections/veterinary , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/isolation & purification , Goat Diseases/diagnosis , Lameness, Animal/diagnosis , Abscess/veterinary , Animals , Body Temperature , Bone Transplantation/veterinary , Corynebacterium Infections/diagnosis , Corynebacterium Infections/drug therapy , Corynebacterium Infections/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Goat Diseases/drug therapy , Goat Diseases/surgery , Goats , Humerus/diagnostic imaging , Humerus/surgery , Lameness, Animal/drug therapy , Lameness, Animal/surgery , RadiographyABSTRACT
In this study, the effects were examined of dose and adjuvant of whole-killed gp120-depleted HIV-1 antigen on antibody and cytokine responses in a murine model. Immunization with increasing doses of inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) resulted in increased production of IL-4 and IgG1 antibody with decreased production of interferon gamma. Immunization with inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Detox PC adjuvant produced TH1 type predominant cytokine patterns along with IgG2a subclass antibody. Higher levels of interferon gamma were associated with immunization with inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Detox PC compared with inactivated HIV-1 in IFA or inactivated HIV-1 in saline. Inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Detox PC adjuvant produced a trend of lower levels of the beta-chemokine MIP-1 alpha compared with inactivated HIV-1 in IFA or saline. Dose and adjuvant play an important role in the type of immune response elicited to a whole-killed HIV vaccine. Low doses of inactivated HIV-1 antigen in Detox PC adjuvant are currently being studied in animal models in order to optimize cell-mediated immunity against HIV infection.