ABSTRACT
A nationwide programme for the treatment of all patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) was launched in Iceland in January 2016. By providing universal access to direct-acting antiviral agents to the entire patient population, the two key aims of the project were to (i) offer a cure to patients and thus reduce the long-term sequelae of chronic hepatitis C, and (ii) to reduce domestic incidence of HCV in the population by 80% prior to the WHO goal of HCV elimination by the year 2030. An important part of the programme is that vast majority of cases will be treated within 36 months from the launch of the project, during 2016-2018. Emphasis is placed on early case finding and treatment of patients at high risk for transmitting HCV, that is people who inject drugs (PWID), as well as patients with advanced liver disease. In addition to treatment scale-up, the project also entails intensification of harm reduction efforts, improved access to diagnostic tests, as well as educational campaigns to curtail spread, facilitate early detection and improve linkage to care. With these efforts, Iceland is anticipated to achieve the WHO hepatitis C elimination goals well before 2030. This article describes the background and organization of this project. Clinical trial number: NCT02647879.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/prevention & control , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fluorenes/therapeutic use , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Humans , Iceland/epidemiology , Incidence , Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis/prevention & control , Liver Cirrhosis/virology , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control , Liver Neoplasms/virology , Mass Screening , Needle-Exchange Programs , Population Surveillance , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Sofosbuvir , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Uridine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives , Uridine Monophosphate/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development of illness concepts among healthy Icelandic children. METHODS: Participants were 68 schoolchildren, 6-7, 10-11, and 14-15 years of age, and their parents. Cognitive developmental level and understanding of physical illness were assessed within a Piagetian framework. In addition, illness experience and illness behaviors (Child Illness Behavior Questionnaire) were assessed. RESULTS: Results were consistent with previous studies in that the development of illness concepts among Icelandic children was consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development. No relation was found between illness experience and understanding of illness. A more mature understanding of illness was related to willingness to report the onset of illness. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that findings from previous studies may be generalized to a broader population.