Strong Cellulose-Based Light-Management Film with Ultraviolet Blocking and Near-Infrared Shielding Performance.

Light-management materials play a great significant role in efficient-energy buildings because they reduce indoor energy consumption by adjusting to natural sunlight, enhancing heat insulation, and creating comfortable indoor lighting. Here, we fabricated an ecofriendly and sustainable lignocellulose-based light-management film via a facile homogenization and mechanical hot-pressing method without complicated treatment or toxic reagents. The resulting film exhibited a favorable ultraviolet (UV) blocking performance of 82.25% for UVA, high visible light transmittance, and high haze, with a desirable tensile strength of 197 MPa, which was significantly higher than those of most petroleum-based plastics. Accordingly, the film was further endowed with near-infrared absorption performance by spray-coating with lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) nanoparticles─there were almost no adverse effects on its light transmittance or mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the high haze of the film implied that it met the requirement for privacy protection in smart buildings. The MFC/lignin/LaB6 composite film has potential applications in energy-saving buildings and optoelectronic devices.

Analysis of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Signal Acquisition and Multiplexing Characteristics in China Area.

On the basis of realizing regional navigation, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) has advanced navigation function, which leads to the broadcasting of more signals in a single frequency of QZSS signals. Current signal transmission technology cannot solve this problem, so it is necessary to design a signal multiplexing method. The current QZSS satellite interface document does not disclose the multiplexing modulation method of the signal transmission, which has a certain impact on the acquisition of high-precision observation data and further data processing. The iGMAS (International GNSS Monitoring & Assessment System) Monitoring and Evaluation Center of the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation has used the low-distortion data acquisition and processing platform and refined signal software receiving processing algorithm of the iGMAS to complete the signal acquisition and analysis of QZSS satellites. Analysis of the multiplexing and modulation method and signal characteristics for the QZSS has been carried out, which can provide a reference for the design and data processing of high-precision receivers.

Acute shock caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection, is a serious food-borne zoonotic disease that is often asymptomatic or shows only mild symptoms, which leads to delayed treatment and chronic clonorchiasis and results in various complications, such as cholelithiasis, cholangitis, cholecystitis and cholangiocarcinoma. However, acute shock caused by C. sinensis infection has not been reported. Here, for the first time, we describe a fatal case of acute shock caused by C. sinensis infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient with a history of eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish was hospitalized with acute shock caused by severe abdominal pain. Physical examination suggested acute abdomen with severe abdominal pain and rigidity. Computed tomography (CT) detection indicated acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. After cholecystectomy, several liver flukes were found in the drainage tube. Furthermore, morphological analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the pathogen as C. sinensis. The liver gradually restored normal function after anthelmintic therapy with praziquantel. CONCLUSIONS: In this fatal case, C. sinensis infection was the cause of acute shock, which is rarely found in the clinic environment. This report aims to increase awareness of the hazards and complications related to clonorchiasis. The PCR diagnosis method used in this report might be helpful in reducing the misdiagnosis of clonorchiasis and unnecessary cholecystectomy.

Analysis of the Multiplexing Method of New System Navigation Signals of GPS III First Star L1 Frequency in China's Regional.

Compared with the previous GPS satellites, the first GPS III satellite adds a new civil signal L1C to the signal components of the L1 frequency in addition to the improvement of positioning accuracy, anti-interference ability, and service life. The selection and combination of signal modulation and multiplexing methods will affect the power ratio and phase relationship in the process of signal transmission. In the distribution of constellation of different modulation modes, the signal amplitudes of different signal constellation points will be affected by the nonlinear amplifiers of satellites. The analysis can assess its impact on navigation performance. The iGMAS monitoring and evaluation center of the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation uses the low-distortion data acquisition and processing platform and refined signal software receiving processing algorithm of the iGMAS monitoring and evaluation center to complete the signal acquisition of the first satellite of GPS III over China, and processes accordingly for its signal modulation mode. Compared with the previous generation GPS of old system signals, it is found that the GPS signal of the new system not only adds the L1C frequency, but also the constant envelope multiplexing mode of the L1 frequency signal, and the power ratio of the internal signal components are also adjusted.

Structural Evolution of Co-Based Metal Organic Frameworks in Pyrolysis for Synthesis of Core-Shells on Nanosheets: Co@CoOx@Carbon-rGO Composites for Enhanced Hydrogen Generation Activity.

In this article, Co-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with two shapes were used as pyrolysis precursor to synthesize multilayer core-shells composites loaded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The core-shell structures were obtained by the formation of cores from metal ions and carbon shells from carbonization of ligands. Controllable oxidation of Co cores to CoOx shells generated multilayer core-shell structures anchored onto the surface of rGO sheets. The N-doped composites were obtained by adding poly vinylpyrrolidone. The multilayer core-shells composites exhibited superior catalytic activity toward hydrogen generation compared to their single layer counterparts. By using the N-doped multilayer composites, high hydrogen generation specific rate of 5560 mL min(-1) gCo(-1) was achieved at room temperature. The rGO sheets in composites improved their structure stability. These catalysts exhibited high stability after used five cycling. This synergistic strategy proposes simple, efficient, and versatile blue-prints for the fabrication of rGO composites from MOFs-based precursors.

Identification of a high-efficiency baculovirus DNA replication origin that functions in insect and mammalian cells.

UNLABELLED: The p143 gene from Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been found to increase the expression of luciferase, which is driven by the polyhedrin gene promoter, in a plasmid with virus coinfection. Further study indicated that this is due to the presence of a replication origin (ori) in the coding region of this gene. Transient DNA replication assays showed that a specific fragment of the p143 coding sequence, p143-3, underwent virus-dependent DNA replication in Spodoptera frugiperda IPLB-Sf-21 (Sf-21) cells. Deletion analysis of the p143-3 fragment showed that subfragment p143-3.2a contained the essential sequence of this putative ori. Sequence analysis of this region revealed a unique distribution of imperfect palindromes with high AT contents. No sequence homology or similarity between p143-3.2a and any other known ori was detected, suggesting that it is a novel baculovirus ori. Further study showed that the p143-3.2a ori can replicate more efficiently in infected Sf-21 cells than baculovirus homologous regions (hrs), the major baculovirus ori, or non-hr oris during virus replication. Previously, hr on its own was unable to replicate in mammalian cells, and for mammalian viral oris, viral proteins are generally required for their proper replication in host cells. However, the p143-3.2a ori was, surprisingly, found to function as an efficient ori in mammalian cells without the need for any viral proteins. We conclude that p143 contains a unique sequence that can function as an ori to enhance gene expression in not only insect cells but also mammalian cells. IMPORTANCE: Baculovirus DNA replication relies on both hr and non-hr oris; however, so far very little is known about the latter oris. Here we have identified a new non-hr ori, the p143 ori, which resides in the coding region of p143. By developing a novel DNA replication-enhanced reporter system, we have identified and located the core region required for the p143 ori. This ori contains a large number of imperfect inverted repeats and is the most active ori in the viral genome during virus infection in insect cells. We also found that it is a unique ori that can replicate in mammalian cells without the assistance of baculovirus gene products. The identification of this ori should contribute to a better understanding of baculovirus DNA replication. Also, this ori is very useful in assisting with gene expression in mammalian cells.

Penaeus monodon Dscam (PmDscam) has a highly diverse cytoplasmic tail and is the first membrane-bound shrimp Dscam to be reported.

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) seems likely to play a key role in the "alternative adaptive immunity" that has been reported in invertebrates. Dscam consists of a cytoplasmic tail that is involved in signal transduction and a hypervariable extracellular region that might use a pathogen recognition mechanism similar to that used by the vertebrate antibodies. In our previous paper, we isolated a unique tail-less form of Dscam from Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, we report the first membrane-bound form of shrimp Dscam: PmDscam was isolated from Penaeus monodon, and it occurred in both membrane-bound and tail-less forms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that while the crustacean Dscams from shrimp and water flea did not share a single subclade, they were distinct from the invertebrate Dscam-like molecules and from the insecta Dscams. In the extracellular region, the variable regions of PmDscam were located in N-terminal Ig2, N-terminal Ig3 and the entire Ig7 domain. The PmDscam extracellular variants and transmembrane domain variants were produced by mutually exclusive alternative splicing events. The cytoplasmic tail variants were produced by exon inclusion/exclusion. Based on the genomic organization of Daphnia Dscam's cytoplasmic tail, we propose a model of how the shrimp Dscam genomic locus might use Type III polyadenylation to generate both the tail-less and membrane-bound forms.

The putative invertebrate adaptive immune protein Litopenaeus vannamei Dscam (LvDscam) is the first reported Dscam to lack a transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail.

It has recently been suggested that Dscam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), plays an essential role in the alternative adaptive immune system of invertebrates. Here, we isolated and characterized the first shrimp Dscam from Litopenaeus vannamei. The LvDscam protein had an extracellular domain but lacked the expected transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail, both of which are found in all other members of the Dscam family (and may also be found in other L. vannamei Dscams that have not yet been isolated). In nervous tissue, expression levels of LvDscam were unexpectedly low. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that LvDscam is far from the Dscams found in other invertebrates. Nevertheless, the domain architecture of the extracellular region of LvDscam is similar to other invertebrate Dscams, and it exhibits the typical configuration of 10 immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, 6 fibronectin type 3 domains (FNIII) and one cell attachment sequence (RGD). Cloning and characterization of a total of 62 cDNAs from hemocytes collected from WSSV-free, WSSV-persistent and WSSV-acute-infected shrimp revealed 23 alternative amino acid sequences in the N-terminal of Ig2, 30 in the N-terminal of Ig3 and 13 in the Ig7 domain. This implies that LvDscam can potentially encode at least 8970 unique isoforms. Further analysis suggested that the LvDscam Ig2 and Ig3 regions are more functionally important than Ig7 in the shrimp's specific immune response against WSSV. We discuss how this tail-less, soluble Dscam can still play an active role in alternative adaptive immune response even while its axonal guidance functionality may be impaired.