Policies and cultural beliefs: Community perceptions about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: Vaccine hesitancy is a global concern and a significant threat to COVID-19 vaccination programs. This study aimed to explore vaccine hesitancy from the perspective of the Indonesian community related to policies and cultural beliefs. DESIGN: A descriptive qualitative approach was utilized in this study. SAMPLE: Twenty participants were recruited from various settings to ensure the representation of experiences in different contexts in Indonesia. MEASUREMENT: Audio-recorded, semi-structured, individual, in-depth interviews were carried out. Content analysis was performed to identify the main key themes. RESULTS: Twenty participants were recruited from various regions of Java Island, Indonesia. The participants revealed hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine, including the themes of mistrust, controversy, and the culture and beliefs of the community. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Indonesia, which may have implications for the community's perceptions and beliefs regarding the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. The trust issue remains a major challenge to convincing the community to accept the vaccine at the grassroots level. Targeted education and communication strategies are essential in addressing trust issues surrounding COVID-19 vaccines among critical stakeholders and religious leaders in Indonesia. Public health nursing plays a crucial role in fostering community acceptance and ensuring the success of vaccination programs.

Relationship between disaster awareness and disaster preparedness: online survey of the community in Indonesia.

Indonesia is a country that is classified as prone to disasters because of its territory that has a lot of tectonic activity and is located between the ring of fire. Given the urgency of improving people's preparedness for disasters, studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors associated with disasters. One of which is disaster preparedness, that is influenced by public awareness of disasters. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between current awareness level of the community towards disaster and Community preparedness for disaster preparedness efforts in Indonesia. The design of this study was cross-sectional. Data were collected by a self-administered online survey. The study respondents were community that are accessible and were willing to fill out questionnaires voluntarily. The research was conducted in March-October 2021 with the nation as the research location. The size of the sample was 400 respondents obtained from the calculation of estimation in finite population. Respondents with lower current awareness level of the community towards disaster had higher risk 1.49 times to have lower community preparedness for disaster preparedness efforts compared to respondents with higher community preparedness for disaster preparedness efforts (PR=1.49, 95%CI=1.25-1.76, P#x003C;0.001). Increasing public awareness about disaster preparedness is very important. The government can work with non-governmental organizations and community leaders to provide understanding and training to the community to deal with disasters.

Antiretroviral medication adherence for people with HIV/AIDS.

Background: People with HIV/AIDS require treatment with antiretrovirals (ARV) to reduce the amount of HIV virus in the body so it does not enter the AIDS stage, while people with AIDS require ARV treatment to prevent opportunistic infections with various complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the ARV medication adherence of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), get information on the facts that influence PLWHA's use of ARV, analyze factors that influence PLWHA's use of ARV, and get information about treatment management for PLWHA. Methods: This study is a systematic review. Research information was obtained using the Google Scholar facility and an index of journal publications. Results: Factors related to ARV adherence in PLWHA include family support, level of knowledge, peer group support, side effects of medicine, motivation, behavioral skills, psychology of PLWHA patients, boredom, stigma, health care facilities, therapy guidelines, characteristics of comorbidities, perception, gender, health insurance, self-efficacy, social isolation, age, education level, income, duration of ARV treatment, support from health workers, spiritual motivation, and use of health services for the last three years. Conclusion: Adherence and family support play important roles in healing PLWHA. PLWHA must adhere to treatment with antiretrovirals. Family support plays an important role in healing PLWHA. It is suggested to the families of PLWHA that they give motivation and comply with the advice of health workers.

The Relationship between Capital Domains and Resilience in Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.

Background: Strengthening disaster resilience is important to protect existing development and in anticipation of various disasters and risks due to disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine resilience among individuals in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia based on the capital domains. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with 97 Indonesian people and was conducted using an online survey in May-December 2020. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Result: The results showed that 45.36% of the respondents had low resilience. Respondents whose expenses increased had 6.36 times higher odds of good resilience compared to respondents whose expenses decreased (AOR=6.36,95%CI=1.26-32,p=0.025). Respondents whose expenses were not affected had 12.32 times higher odds of having good resilience than respondents whose expenses were reduced (AOR=12.32,95%CI=1.82-83.40, p=0.01). Respondents with larger families had 32% lower odds of having good resilience than those with fewer family members (AOR=0.68, 95%CI=0.47-0.98, p=0.038). Respondents with no quarantine facilities had 65% lower odds of good resilience than those with quarantine facilities (AOR=0.35, 95%CI 0.13-0.95, p=0.04). Conclusion: Economic and physical capital as the part of capital domains showed a significant association with resilience during COVID-19 pandemics. Economic capital variables that had association with resilience were money expenses and the number of family members in household. Physical capital had a relationship with resilience were the availability of quarantine facilities. Government could encourage cooperation within the community to share economic resources. Local government could provide isolation facilities in local area.

Association between percentage of smokers and prevalence of smoking attributable morbidity in Indonesia: one decade after implementation of smoke-free area regulation.

BACKGROUND: For more than ten years, Indonesia has health law, one of which states that local governments are mandated to establish Smoke Free Area (SFA). The results of 2018 National Basic Health Research shows tobacco consumption is still quite high and increasing compared to the results of 2007 and 2013 National Basic Health Research. The burden of disease in Indonesia is increasing every year.  METHODS: This study aims to describe SFA regulation and analyze the relationship between the percentage of smokers and the prevalence of smoking attributable morbidity. Data from the 2018 Basic Health Research in Indonesia with the number of units of analysis were 514 districts and cities level. The design of the study was cross-sectional study. The variables analyzed were the percentage of smokers, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), pneumonia, lung tuberculosis, asthma, and mental emotional disorders. Geographical mapping of the distribution of District/City with Smoking-Free Areas was made using QGIS 3·16.  RESULTS: Around 72% of districts/cities in Indonesia already had local regulations of SFA after more than ten years implementation of the regulation of the health law. There was a significant relationship between the high percentage of smokers and the high prevalence of diabetes (p value: 0·000, PR: 1·342, 95%CI 1·135 to 1·587), hypertension (p value: 0·000, PR 1·631, 95%CI 1·252 to 2·124), and lung tuberculosis (p value: 0·008, PR 1·219, 95%CI 1·049 to 1·417) at the District/City level. However, there was no significant association between URTI, pneumonia, asthma, and mental emotional disorders. CONCLUSION: The percentage of smokers in an area was associated with diabetes, hypertension, and lung tuberculosis. The implementation of Smoke Free Area should be evaluated.

Association between General Anesthesia and Root Canal Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Mental Disability: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

In the population of individuals with a disability, mental illness patients can be uncooperative during dental treatment; thus, general anesthesia has been widely applied during dental procedures. This study aims to investigate the association between general anesthesia and the outcomes of root canal treatment in patients with disability. Teeth treatment records of patients with disability from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Database and electronic database from January 2005 to December 2018 were used in this retrospective cohort study. The authors conducted analysis comparing root canal treatment outcomes under general anesthesia and non-general anesthesia, indicated by endodontic re-treatment or post-treatment teeth extraction. Over the 9-year follow-up period, root canal treatment outcomes representing a cumulative survival rate of 87.68% and 74.51% in the general anesthesia group and non-general anesthesia group, respectively, were found. After adjustment for potential confounders, the teeth with general anesthesia showed a substantially and significantly reduced HR of root canal treatment failure at 0.24 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.49). Our study supported the notion that root canal treatment with general anesthesia may entail substantial reduction of treatment failure in patients with disability.

Death risk among COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus.

Deaths from COVID-19 are increasing in patients with comorbidities. One of the most common comorbidities is diabetes mellitus. The researchers wanted to see how having diabetes affected the mortality rate of COVID-19 participants. This investigation is a case control observational analytical study. Different types of people, called "cases," and "controls," complete the research sample. Each group had 68 responders, for a grand total of 136. Medical records from COVID-19 patients treated at Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, between March 2020 and September 2021 serve as the study's secondary data source. The purpose of this study's data analysis is to calculate an odds ratio. Patients with COVID-19 with concomitant diabetes mellitus had an increased risk of death, and this risk increased with age, gender, and COVID-19 symptoms. In contrast, education, occupation, and laboratory results were not significantly related to mortality among COVID-19 individuals with concomitant diabetes mellitus (GDA status). The results of this study show that COVID-19 patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of death if they are over the age of 65, if they are male, and if they have severe symptoms.

Ownership of mother and children's health book and complete basic immunization status in slums and poor population.

Background: The percentage of complete immunization in urban areas is higher than rural areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between ownership of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books with Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in slums and poor areas. Design and Methods: A rapid survey was conducted in selected slums and poor groups based on medical records from Public Health Center. Informants were mothers with a sample of 325 infants aged 12 to 23 months. Results: The lowest coverage of CBI for slum and poor residents is Pasuruan, which is 55.4%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between ownership of MCH books and the complete coverage of basic immunization in Malang (P = 0.000; PR = 3.682); Pasuruan (P = 0.002; PR = 1.854); Sidoarjo (P = 0.000; PR = 4.042); Surabaya (P = 0.000; PR = 2.425). Conclusions: It is recommended that the government should improve access to complete immunization programs in slums and poor population.

Integrated Information System for Early Detection of Maternal Risk Factors Based on Continuum of Care Approach of Mother and Toddler Cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to demonstrate how an integrated information system of mother and toddler cohorts can be developed as a basis of the continuum of care approach that subsequently can be used as the basis of early detection of risk factors of maternal mortality. METHODS: This research was carried out qualitatively. The data was collected through three techniques: in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and document studies at six public health centers located in four sub-districts of Surabaya, Indonesia. This research was conducted from 2016 to 2018. RESULTS: The data collected from this research has become a basis input data requirement analysis for an integrated mother and toddler cohort information system. The system accommodates all the variables in each period of pre-marriage, pregnancy, labor, infancy and toddlerhood. The system facilitates healthcare workers to retrieve data and information related to mother and toddler health status. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of various pieces of information enables the health status of mothers and toddlers to be monitored thoroughly throughout their long-life cycle. This continuum of care approach is beneficial in the early detection and management of risk factors of maternal mortality, such as pregnancy complications as well as childbirth and postpartum complications.