ABSTRACT
Objective Fetal growth can be affected by maternal PCOS and may have an impact on offspring and childhood growth. The current findings across studies are divergent and controversial. This study aims to determine whether maternal PCOS can affect the physical measurements of newborns and to establish the differences in birth weight, length, head, and chest circumference between newborns of mothers with polycystic ovarian syndrome and those of mothers without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods In this study, we examined the gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference, and ponderal index of 75 infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compared them to those of 94 infants born to mothers without PCOS. Result Compared with the other groups, the PCOS group does not show significant differences in anthropometric indices compared to the control group. Infants born to normal and PCOS mothers birth weight were categorized as SGA (small for gestational age) if birth weight was less than the 5th percentile. LGA is large for gestational age if birth weight is greater than the 90th percentile. Other appropriate for gestational age if infant birth weight is between> 5th and < 90th percentile. Significant differences in anthropometric indices like birth weight, head circumference, and Ponderal index were observed in SGA and LGA newborns of normal and PCOS mothers. Conclusion The study findings indicate that neonates born to mothers with PCOS have higher rates of SGA and LGA newborns, and differences in anthropometric indices (birth weight, head circumference, and Ponderal index) were observed between SGA and LGA newborns of PCOS mothers.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor ß family and is a marker of ovarian reserve; it is produced by the granulosa cells of developing preantral and early antral ovarian follicles. AMH concentration decreases with increasing age. Its concentration is increased relatively in those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than eumenorrheic women. Objectives In this research, using a model of AMH over age, the age of menopause is predicted in PCOS and eumenorrheic women. Study design The study subjects were classified into two groups. Group 1 included PCOS subjects. Group 2 included eumenorrheic women. General profiles such as age, BMI, and hormonal parameters such as AMH were measured. Based on the exponential functional dependence of AMH over age, a model was proposed, and the value of exponential constants such as log ßo and ß1 were calculated using least square approximation. An arbitrary value of 0.2 ng/mL for AMH was taken as a cut-off value to predict the age of menopause in both groups. Outcome measures We predicted the age of menopause using a model of AMH over age by the least square approximation technique. Results The age prediction for menopause using the least squares model of AMH over age showed that in group 1 patients with PCOS, menopause is projected to occur at around 54.7 years, while in group 2 with eumenorrheic women, it is expected to happen at approximately 45.2 years. Conclusion Data demonstrates that serum AMH concentration declines over time, and predicting the age of menopause reflects sustained reproductive life span in PCOS subjects.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Male infertility has been associated with aneuploidies and structural chromosomal abnormalities, Yq microdeletions and specific gene mutations and/or polymorphisms. Besides genetic factors, any block in sperm delivery, endocrine disorders, testicular tumours, infectious diseases, medications, lifestyle factors and environmental toxins can also play a causative role. This study aimed to determine the constitutional karyotype in infertile males having normal female partners in a south Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 men with a complaint of primary infertility ranging from 1 to 25 years were screened for chromosomal abnormalities through conventional analysis of GTG-banded metaphases from cultured lymphocytes. RESULTS: Four individuals were diagnosed to have Klinefelter syndrome. Two cases exhibited reciprocal translocations and one showed a maternally inherited insertion. Polymorphisms were seen in sixty-seven patients (37.2%). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in 4.6% and variants involving the heterochromatic regions of Y, chromosome 9 and the acrocentric chromosomes in 38.2% of the infertile men with an abnormal seminogram strongly reiterates the inclusion of routine cytogenetic testing and counselling in the diagnostic work-up prior to the use of assisted reproduction technologies.
ABSTRACT
Luteinizing hormone (LH) in synergy with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates normal follicular growth and ovulation. FSH is frequently used in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Recent studies have facilitated better understanding on the complementary role of the LH to FSH in regulation of the follicle; however, role of LH in stimulation of follicle, optimal dosage of LH in stimulation and its importance in advanced aged patients has been a topic of discussion among medical fraternity. Though the administration of exogenous LH with FSH is obligatory for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, there is still a paucity of information of its usage in other patient population. In this review we looked in to the multiple roles that LH plays complementary to FSH to better understand the LH requirement in patients undergoing ART.