Selection of maize hybrids based on genotype × yield × trait (GYT) in different environments.

This study aimed to identify the best genotypes using the genotype × yield × trait (GYT) method. To investigate the relationships was performed between yield × traits in four regions of Karaj, Birjand, Shiraz and Arak in two cropping years in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The average grain yield in four regions and two years of the experiment was calculated as 5966 kg/ha, and GYT was obtained based on the multiplication of grain yield with different traits. Comparing the average effect of genotype × year in different environments showed that KSC703 and KSC707 hybrids are among the most productive hybrids among the studied genotypes in grain yield. By examining the correlation coefficients between yield × traits in the tested areas, Y × TWG with Y × GW, Y × NRE, Y × NGR and Y × EL, Y × ED with Y × NGR, Y × NRE with Y × GW and the combination of Y × GW with Y × GL had a positive and significant correlation in all regions. The correlation diagrams were drawn on the evaluated areas' data and showed the correlation of most compounds except Y × GT with each other. Based on the analysis of the main components, the first three components explained the greatest diversity in the population. They were named the component ear grain profile, grain thickness component and plant height profile component.

Study of the potential response of solid-state chloride electrodes at low concentration ranges.

Ion-selective electrodes based on silver chloride precipitates have been investigated in the low concentration range, by use of a specially designed cell of small volume. Electrode potential measurements and silver determinations in the corresponding solutions by atomic-absorption spectrometry were made. The results prove that the potential response of these ion-selective electrodes in the low concentration ranges is governed by inequality of the ion concentrations in the boundary zone of the test solution contacting the electrode membrane. This is a result of adsorption-desorption processes, a dissolution process followed by recrystallization of the silver chloride at the electrode membrane surface, and photoreduction of silver ions at the electrode surface.