Ion-Scale Magnetic Flux Rope Generated From Electron-Scale Magnetopause Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations.

We present in-depth analysis of three southward-moving meso-scale (ion-to magnetohydrodynamic-scale) flux transfer events (FTEs) and subsequent crossing of a reconnecting magnetopause current sheet (MPCS), which were observed on 8 December 2015 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the subsolar region under southward and duskward magnetosheath magnetic field conditions. We aim to understand the generation mechanism of ion-scale magnetic flux ropes (ISFRs) and to reveal causal relationship among magnetic field structures, electromagnetic energy conversion, and kinetic processes in magnetic reconnection layers. Results from magnetic field reconstruction methods are consistent with a flux rope with a length of about one ion inertial length growing from an electron-scale current sheet (ECS) in the MPCS, supporting the idea that ISFRs can be generated through secondary reconnection in an ECS. Grad-Shafranov reconstruction applied to the three FTEs shows that the FTEs had axial orientations similar to that of the ISFR. This suggests that these FTEs also formed through the same secondary reconnection process, rather than multiple X-line reconnection at spatially separated locations. Four-spacecraft observations of electron pitch-angle distributions and energy conversion rate j·E'=j·E+ve×B suggest that the ISFR had three-dimensional magnetic topology and secondary reconnection was patchy or bursty. Previously reported positive and negative values of j·E', with magnitudes much larger than expected for typical MP reconnection, were seen in both magnetosheath and magnetospheric separatrix regions of the ISFR. Many of them coexisted with bi-directional electron beams and intense electric field fluctuations around the electron gyrofrequency, consistent with their origin in separatrix activities.

Hipertermia peritoneal en la prevención de recurrencia peritoneal debida a cáncer gástrico / Peritoneal hyperthermia in the prevention of peritoneal recurrence due to gastric cancer

El cáncer gástrico es aún un importante problema de salud en Chile. El compromiso de la serosa gástrica es probablemente la causa de recurrencia peritoneal y, por ende, responsable en gran parte del pobre pronóstico de dicha enfermedad. Con el fin de disminuir la recurrencia peritoneal en pacientes con compromiso seroso, empleamos hipertermia peritoneal asociada a quimioterapia en 11 pacientes operados por un cáncer gástrico. La sobrevida de los 11 pacientes fue superior comparada a un control histórico y reacciones adversas no fueron observadas. De estos resultados, planteamos la posibilidad del empleo de hipertermia en pacientes con compromiso seroso