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We aimed to perform a meta-analysis, using prospective cohort studies, to test the association between serum potassium and all-cause mortality among chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients. A systematic search was performed using PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus, up to July 2020. Prospective cohort studies which reported risk estimates of all-cause mortality in CKD patients with different serum potassium levels were included in the present meta-analysis. Thirteen studies were included in the analysis. A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis suggested that there is a J-shaped association between serum potassium levels and the risk of all-cause mortality, with a nadir at serum potassium of 4.5 mmol/L. Subgroup analyses indicated that the strength and shape of the association between serum potassium and all-cause mortality may be influenced by age. Our meta-analysis provides supportive evidence that there is a J-shape association between serum potassium and all-cause mortality among CKD patients.
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BACKGROUND: Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of garlic supplementation on adiponectin and leptin serum levels. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library for eligible trials up to November 2020. A fixed-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. RESULTS: Five trials were included in the overall analysis. Our analysis showed that garlic supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin (Hedges's: 0.20; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.47; P-values = .12) and leptin (Hedges's: 0.08; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.41; P-values = .65) concentrations in comparison with placebo. However, in the subgroup analysis, significantly increased serum adiponectin level was seen following garlic supplementation in trials with a mean age of participants Ë30 years (Hedges's: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.87; P-values = .04), the doses Ë1.5 g/d (Hedges's: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.71; P-values = .04) and trials with duration ≥8 weeks (Hedges's: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.89; P-values = .02). CONCLUSION: Overall, garlic supplementation could not change the circulatory adiponectin and leptin levels. Subgroup analyses showed a significant reduction in adiponectin levels in younger participants, longer duration and lower intervention dose. However, further studies are needed to confirm the present results.
Subject(s)
Adiponectin , Garlic , Adult , Antioxidants , Dietary Supplements , Humans , Leptin , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is uncertain if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) in adults. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the overall effects of omega-3 on RMR. METHODS: Both PubMed and Scopus libraries were searched up to April 2021. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Random- and fixed-effects models were utilized in order to obtain pooled estimates of omega-3 supplementation impacts on RMR, using weight mean difference (WMD). RESULTS: Seven studies including a total of 245 participants were included. There was significantly higher FFM-adjusted RMR in the intervention group than the control group (WMD: 26.666 kcal/kg/day, 95% CI: 9.010 to 44.322, p=0.003). Study quality showed that four of seven included studies were of high quality. However, there was no significant difference in results in the subgroup analysis according to the quality of studies. Subgroup analyses revealed significant changes for sex (for women: WMD = 151.793 kcal/day, 95% CI = 62.249 to 241.337, p=0.001) and BMI (for BMI > 25: WMD = 82.208 kcal/day, 95% CI = 0.937 to 163.480, p=0.047). Influence analysis indicated no outlier among inclusions. CONCLUSION: The current study depicted that omega-3 polyunsaturated acids can significantly increase RMR in adults. However, further assessments of omega-3 supplementation therapy are critical to monitor its long-term outcomes and potential clinical application.
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several clinical trials have shown that cinnamon can reduce blood pressure, but the results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a more precise estimate of the overall effects of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure in adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases through September 2019 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure. Data were pooled by using the random-effects model, and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the summary effect size. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of 9 RCTs with 641 participants showed significant reductions in both systolic (WMD: -5.17 mmHg, 95% CI: -9.35 to -0.99, P = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -3.36 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.67 to -1.04, P ≤ 0.001) after cinnamon supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that these results were significant only when cinnamon was administered at the dosages of ≤2 g/day, for a period longer than 8 weeks, and in participants with a baseline BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis suggests that cinnamon supplementation can improve blood pressure by a modest degree. However, due to limited availability of studies with hypertensive cases and relatively small sample sizes of available studies, well designed trials with adequate sample sizes aimed at hypertensive populations are recommended.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Databases, Factual , Diet, Healthy , Humans , Hypertension/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Workplace nutrition has been identified as a priority setting that can significantly reduce cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors. This study was conducted as a part of the workplace education program to improve nutritional practices and cardiometabolic status in industrial personnel. METHODS: The present research was a randomized controlled field trial conducted on employees of a regional petrochemical company. The health-related priorities of the program were defined and addressed in the study in which 104 employees with dyslipidemia were randomly divided into two groups of education and control. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention, using valid and reliable multi-session questionnaires on demographic data, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional intake. Anthropometric measures, serum FBS, HbA1C, hs-CRP and homocysteine (Hcy) were assessed in both groups. In the education group, the nutrition program included five educational workshops about healthy nutrition and regular exercise along with educational messages over a 3-month period. The controls did not receive any education during the study. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the baseline variables. The education group significantly improved their nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001), dietary intakes (p < 0.005), serum FBS (p < 0.001) and Hcy levels (p < 0.001) and anthropometric indices. CONCLUSION: Workplace nutrition education programs can improve knowledge and reduce important CVD risk factors.
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OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of flaxseed supplementation on serum adiponectin and leptin concentration. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to May 2019 without any restriction. All RCTs that reported the effect of flaxseed supplementation on circulating adiponectin and leptin concentration were included. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. RESULTS: Nine RCTs (11 arms) were eligible to be included. Our analysis showed that flaxseed supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.15 µg/ml; 95% CI [-0.16, 0.47], p = .34) and leptin (WMD: 0.47 ng/ml; 95% CI [-3.10, 4.06], p = .79) concentration in comparison with control. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that effects remained nonsignificant in all subgroups of trial duration, flaxseed type, and health status of participants. The pooled effect size was also robust and remained nonsignificant in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: Flaxseed supplementation had no significant effect on adiponectin and leptin levels in adults. However, future well-designed trials are still needed to confirm these results.
