The toxicological effects of lead and its analytical trends: an update from 2000 to 2018.

In every developed and developing country, the major facing problem is heavy metals toxicity. Due to there is an increase in the heavy metals anthropogenic in day to day life by various factors, which are causing serious issues or harmful health hazardous for all types of living organisms. Moreover, they are present everywhere in the universe it causes the contamination of the food, dietary, and processed materials. Accordingly, the present review article further summarizes the studies related to the determination of lead as a toxic impurity with a total of 134 references in the period 2000 to 2018. In this write-up, emphasize the one of the highly toxic heavy metal element Lead (Pb) and it's toxicity in the animals, humans, plants, and aquatic systems. In addition, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of established analytical techniques and trends in analytical methods like AAS; ICP-OES; ICP-MS; ASV; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, these techniques significantly applicable for the quantitative analysis of Pb in various sources. The various regulatory authorities for Pb throughout the globe like IOSH, EPA, EMA, and CDCSO. This reveals the need and scope of further research in the field of heavy metal toxicity and development of new analytical techniques in meeting the needs of the life scientists. The present comprehensive review is an attempt to transform the state of knowledge into the findings that may act as a guideline for all the interested groups at different levels.

Review on Characteristics and Analytical Methods of Tazarotene: An Update.

Tazarotene (TZR) is the first topical receptor-selective retinoid prodrug derived from vitamin A used for management of plaque psoriasis and efficacious in dealing of acne vulgaris, and photo aging. As per US food and drug administration (FDA), 0.1% strength of TZR is permitted for the treatment of acne. This article draws attention to various advanced and conventional analytical methods. The hyphenated and conventional chromatographic techniques such as LC-MS/MS and HPTLC, HPLC respectively. Moreover, spectrophotometric methods like UV/visible spectroscopy also used to quantify TZR as active pharmaceutical ingredient and its formulations, especially in topical preparations. Moreover, the TZR is required alternative methods for routine quality control and to estimate TZR in pharmaceutical dosage form especially in pharmacokinetic studies of topical preparation. This write up focus on critical review of characteristics, uses and the information about the physicochemical, pharmacokinetics properties, mechanisms of action and more emphasis on different analytical methods for estimation of TZR in pharmaceutical formulations.