ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with a rectocele often suffer from such symptoms as obstructed defaecation, urine or stool incontinence and pain. The aim of this study was to assess other concomitant pelvic floor disorders and their influence on pelvic function. METHODS: Included in the study were 37 female patients with a significant rectocele and defaecation disorder. Medical history and symptoms were analysed in terms of validated functional scores. All patients underwent open magnetic resonance defaecography (MRD) in a sitting position. Imaging was analysed for the presence and size of the rectocele, intussusception and other pelvic floor disorders. RESULTS: Patients with a higher body mass index tended to have a larger rectocele, whereas age and vaginal birth did not correlate with the size of the rectocele. In 67.5% of the patients with a previously diagnosed rectocele, an intussusception was diagnosed on MRD. This group suffered from significantly worse urine incontinence (p=0.023) and from accessory enteroceles 64%, compared with 17% (p=0.013) for those with a simple rectocele. Patients with higher grade intussusception suffered more frequently from incontinence than from constipation. CONCLUSION: Patients with a symptomatic rectocele frequently have other pelvic floor disorders that significantly influence the pattern of symptoms. Knowledge of all the afflictions is essential for determining the optimal treatment for each individual patient.
Subject(s)
Colonic Diseases/etiology , Intussusception/etiology , Pelvic Floor/physiopathology , Rectocele/complications , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colonic Diseases/epidemiology , Colonic Diseases/physiopathology , Defecation/physiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intussusception/epidemiology , Intussusception/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Rectocele/diagnosis , Rectocele/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , United Kingdom/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium antagonists have, by reason of their potentially favourable pharmacological profile, become increasingly established in the treatment of hypertension in recent years. In a double-blind randomized study with an initial placebo phase, carried out by practising physicians and thus aimed at the "usual" practice patients with essential hypertension, we assessed (1) the antihypertensive effect and tolerability of an ACE inhibitor (ramipril, 5 mg/d) or a calcium antagonist (nitrendipine, 20 mg/d) given in a single daily dose, and (2) a possible age-dependent blood pressure (BP) effect of these therapies. In the 4 weeks' placebo phase, the two treatment groups were comparable as regards average age (49.6 and 49.4 years), age-range (27-67 and 25-64 years) and BP. Fifty-two patients completed the following 6 weeks' phase with active drug therapy. On ramipril (n = 26), the BP measured 24-25 hours after the last drug administration was reduced in the supine position from an average of 155/102 to 142/91 mmHg (mean reduction -10.1%) and in the upright position from 156/106 to 141/96 mmHg (-9.3%). Nitrendipine (n = 26) reduced the average BP from 155/102 to 147/94 mmHg (-6.8%) and from 155/106 to 146/99 mmHg (-6.6%) respectively. BP-lowering effects of both treatments were largely independent of age. Including the patients who discontinued the study prematurely because of side effects (1 on ramipril, 4 on nitrendipine), the "intention to treat analysis" shows BP normalization rates (diastolic < or = 90 mm Hg) of 55% (ramipril) and 30% (nitrendipine) respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)