ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to investigate the detection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis, showing no clinical signs of an ongoing, acute inflammatory state of the vagina and/or the cenrvix, in fertile and infertile women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study encompassed 161 women, including 101 women treated for infertility and 60 fertile women who had already given birth to healthy children. The material for the presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, M. hominis and U. urealyticum was collected from the cervical canal and analyzed by PCR. Furthermore, BD ProbeTec ET system was used to detect C. trachomatis infection. Vaginal swabs were collected for classification of bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis and assessed according to the Nugent score, as well as by traditional culture methods. RESULTS: U. urealyticum was identified in 9% of the infertile women and in 8% of controls. Presence of M. hominis was demonstrated only in the former (4%) and C. trachomatis only in latter (3%). N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium were not found in any of the examined women. The frequency of aerobic vaginitis in both groups was estimated at 12%. There were 7% bacterial vaginosis cases in the study group, and none in the control group (p=0.0096). CONCLUSIONS: Despite having no symptoms of an ongoing acute inflammation of the reproductive tract, many women may experience permanent or periodic shifts of equilibrium of the vaginal and/or cervical microflora. BV develops more frequently in infertile patients when compared to the fertile women.
Subject(s)
Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Infertility, Female/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Reproductive Tract Infections/diagnosis , Ureaplasma Infections/diagnosis , Vagina/microbiology , Adult , Causality , Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Female , Fertility , Humans , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Poland/epidemiology , Reproductive Tract Infections/epidemiology , Ureaplasma Infections/epidemiology , Urethra/microbiology , Women's Health , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the dominant etiological factors related to bacterial vaginosis. Literature offers a growing number of reports revealing there appear Gardnerella vaginalis strains increasingly resistant to metronidazole. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis to metronidazole, clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigation was performed on collection of 67 Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from the group of 604 women participating in the study Antibiotic sensitivity of strains was verified by E-test method (BioMerieux). Interpretation of results was performed in accordance with EUCAST criteria. RESULTS: All tested strains, apart from one, were sensitive to clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The results of susceptibility test to metronidazole indicated that 68.7% (46 out of 67 strains) were resistant to this antibiotic, while all of them were sensitive to both clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Near future may bring the need to change the treatment regimen of bacterial vaginosis.