ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Infection is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE); however, no studies have examined the association between PD peritonitis and CVE. AIM: To examine peritonitis as a risk factor for CVE in PD patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all adults undertaking PD for ≥3 months in one Australian health district from 2001 to 2015. Baseline characteristics and peritonitis event information was obtained from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry. The Centre for Health Research Illawarra Shoalhaven Population facilitated data linkage using ICD10 coding to capture CVE information. RESULTS: A total of 211 patients was included, with median age of 66 years (interquartile range 54.49-74.45); 64% were male. Peritonitis occurred in 114 (54%) patients and 65 (30.8%) patients experienced a CVE. Identified risk factors for CVE included: cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36-5.47), diabetes (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.47-3.96), coronary artery disease (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01-2.77) and age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). There was no significant increase in risk of CVE following peritonitis (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.81-2.32, P = 0.24), even when accounting for age, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and existing coronary artery disease (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.78-2.23, P = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find an increase in the risk of CVE following a peritonitis episode in PD patients. This result may be due to small sample size or rapid peritonitis treatment mitigating cardiovascular risk.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Peritoneal Dialysis , Peritonitis , Adult , Aged , Australia/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , New Zealand , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritonitis/epidemiology , Peritonitis/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Methyl bromide is an odourless, colourless, highly volatile gas, primarily used in fumigation. It can cause significant neurotoxicity, especially with chronic exposure. Haemodialysis has been used in acute toxicity, but its utility in chronic exposure has never been reported. We report the use of haemodialysis in a 20-year-old man with chronic methyl bromide toxicity affecting the optic nerves, brain and spinal cord. The patient underwent eight haemodialysis sessions with improvement in plasma bromine concentration, half-life and marked clinical recovery. The case demonstrates the utility of haemodialysis in the treatment of chronic methyl bromide toxicity.
