ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease, highly predictable, and associated with different atherogenic indices (AI) in adults. However, such indexes in the pediatric population are far less explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the AI and the cardiovascular factors in the pediatric population in the South-Southeast of México. METHODS: A total of 481 children between 2 and 17 years old were recruited. Anthropometric evaluation, blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured, and AI were calculated. The population was grouped by age, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analysis for associations of AI and cardiovascular risk factors. Sensibility and specificity of AI to detect metabolic alteration were evaluated for curve ROC. RESULTS: The atherogenic risk presented a high prevalence in the pediatric population, such as LDL-c/ApoB (86.9%), AIP (78%) and AC (36.6%). Preschoolers showed a higher risk of ApoB/ApoA-I and ApoB/LDL-c, while adolescents have a high risk of AIP. CRI-I and AC were associated with elements of lipid profile and body mass index (BMI). ROC curves analysis shows that AIP is the best index evaluating metabolic syndrome (MS) (0.87) and dyslipidemia (0.91). CONCLUSION: Such pediatric population showed a high risk of AI, mainly by LDL-c/ApoB and AIP. The BMI was the cardiovascular risk factors most frequently related to AI, AIP is the best index for detecting cases of MS and dyslipidemia. This is the first study carried out in the pediatric population from the South-Southeast of Mexico that evaluated the AI.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis , Dyslipidemias , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Apolipoprotein A-I , Apolipoproteins B , Atherosclerosis/epidemiology , Cholesterol, LDL , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Los hallazgos de las biopsias musculares en las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas (MII) son divididos en: a) infiltrados inflamatorios endomisiales compuestos por células T CD8+, CD4+ y macrófagos (MΦ), y b) infiltrados perivasculares compuestos por células T CD4+, MΦ y células B. El infiltrado endomisial sugiere una reacción inmune directa hacia las fibras musculares y fue sugerido como típico para la polimiositis (PM) y la miositis de cuerpos de inclusión, mientras que el infiltrado perivascular indica una reacción inmunitaria contra los vasos sanguíneos típicos en dermatomiositis. Se ha demostrado que autoantígenos relacionados con MII (Mi-2, Jo-1, OJ, PL12, Ku, PM/Scl) son específicamente segmentados por la granzima B durante la apoptosis inducida por linfocitos T citotóxicos. En este capítulo abordamos las alteraciones histológicas y moleculares así como un grupo de anticuerpos no estudiados en la población mexicana, como son los anticuerpos anti-SRP (signal recognition particle partícula de reconocimiento de señal), en especial autoanticuerpos anti-SRP54 y anti-SRP72 que presentan clínicamente una enfermedad aguda e involucramiento cardíaco severo, de pronóstico severo y pobres respuestas a las terapias convencionales (AU)
The histological findings in muscle biopsies of inflammatory myopathies have been divided into 2 groups: A) Endomisial infiltrates mainly by T CD8+, CD4+ and macrophages and B) Perivascular infiltrates by CD4+, B cells and macrophages. The first kind of infiltrate suggests an immune reaction against muscle fibers very common in PM and inclusion body myositis, On the other hand the perivascular infiltrate is a hallmark of DM. It has been shown that autoantigens related with myopathies such as Mi-2, Jo-1, OJ, PL12, Ku, PM/Scl are able to suffer proteolytic cleavage by granzyme B and other stimulus induced by cytotoxic T cells. In this chapter we will review the histological and molecular findings of inflammatory myopathies but we will also discuss a special group of myopathies related to the presence of antibodies against the SRP complex, in particular the SRP72 and SRP54 antibodies, which are associated with a poor prognosis and clinical outcome and present an inadequate response to conventional treatment (AU)
