ABSTRACT
In older adults' everyday life, time-based prospective memory (TBPM) is relevant as health-related intentions are often part of daily activities. Nonetheless, it is still unclear which task-related factors can potentially moderate the magnitude of age-related differences, such as duration of the PM target time (the time-window within which an individual must complete a given TBPM task), the frequency of the TBPM tasks, and the criterion chosen to compute PM accuracy. The present meta-analysis aimed to quantify age-related differences in laboratory TBPM tasks, and to investigate how specific task-related factors potentially moderate the magnitude of age effects. The results showed that age effects consistently emerged among the studies, with older adults showing lower TBPM performance and checking the clock less often than younger adults, especially for shorter intervals (e.g., ≤ 4â min). Furthermore, the results indicated that the duration of the PM target time interacted with the frequency of the PM task, suggesting that learning effects may attenuate the magnitude of age differences in TBPM performance. The results are discussed in terms of potential implications about the possible cognitive processes involved in TBPM and aging, as well as in terms of robustness of the TBPM laboratory paradigm in aging research.
Subject(s)
Memory, Episodic , Humans , Aged , Aging/psychology , Cognition , Time , LearningABSTRACT
Previous work has shown that event-based prospective memory (EBPM) predicted health-related quality of life (HrQoL). In the present study, we aimed to examine whether the relationship between EBPM and HrQoL extended to life satisfaction, and whether it persisted after controlling for other cognitive functions related to EBPM, namely executive functions and retrospective memory. We tested two models using structural equation modeling with latent variables in a sample of older adults. In the first model, we assessed whether EBPM predicted life satisfaction and HrQoL; in the second model, we controlled for retrospective memory and executive functions. The first model indicated that EBPM was related to HrQoL. However, in the second model, this relationship was eliminated by executive functions; life satisfaction was not related to any of the cognitive variables. Findings corroborated the link between HrQoL and EBPM, suggesting that such relationship stems from executive functions rather than retrospective memory.
Subject(s)
Executive Function , Memory, Episodic , Humans , Aged , Retrospective Studies , Quality of Life/psychology , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic reading of follow-up low-dose whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) examinations in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is a demanding process. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and benefit of a novel software program providing rapid-subtraction maps for bone lesion change detection. METHODS: Sixty patients (66 years ± 10 years) receiving 120 WBCT examinations for follow-up evaluation of MM bone disease were identified from our imaging archive. The median follow-up time was 292 days (range 200-641 days). Subtraction maps were calculated from 2-mm CT images using a nonlinear deformation algorithm. Reading time, correctly assessed lesions, and disease classification were compared to a standard reading software program. De novo clinical reading by a senior radiologist served as the reference standard. Statistics included Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Cohen's kappa coefficient, and calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value, and accuracy. RESULTS: Calculation time for subtraction maps was 84 s ± 24 s. Both readers reported exams faster using subtraction maps (reader A, 438 s ± 133 s; reader B, 1049 s ± 438 s) compared to PACS software (reader A, 534 s ± 156 s; reader B, 1486 s ± 587 s; p < 0.01). The course of disease was correctly classified by both methods in all patients. Sensitivity for lesion detection in subtraction maps/conventional reading was 92%/80% for reader A and 88%/76% for reader B. Specificity was 98%/100% for reader A and 95%/96% for reader B. CONCLUSION: A software program for the rapid-subtraction map calculation of follow-up WBCT scans has been successfully tested and seems suited for application in clinical routine. Subtraction maps significantly facilitated reading of WBCTs by reducing reading time and increasing sensitivity. KEY POINTS: ⢠A novel algorithm has been successfully applied to generate motion-corrected bone subtraction maps of whole-body low-dose CT scans in less than 2 min. ⢠Motion-corrected bone subtraction maps significantly facilitate the reading of follow-up whole-body low-dose CT scans in multiple myeloma by reducing reading time and increasing sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Multiple Myeloma/diagnostic imaging , Software , Subtraction Technique , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Whole Body Imaging/methods , Aged , Algorithms , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Se evaluó el efecto de la fortificación dela harina de trigo con ácido fólico (iniciada en 2003) sobre la ingesta de folatos en la población de mujeres en edad reproductiva y en embarazadas y los niveles séricos de folatoy vitamina B12 en los mismos grupos. Asimismo, se analizaron los cambios ocurridos en las tasas de defectosdel tubo neural antes de la fortificación y después de ella.
Subject(s)
Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Live BirthABSTRACT
Objective: Design local anthropometric growth curves for selected newborns between 24 and 42 gestational weeks, in order to compare them with other intrauterine growth charts currently used in Chile. Method: 86 575 infants born from single pregnancy and with the described gestational age were analyzed. Newborns with maternal or fetal history of delayed intrauterine growth were excluded from de analysis. The average and standard deviation 10* - 50* - 90* percentiles for weight, length and head circumference for each gestational age were calculated, distributing the obtained information in tables and graphics. Comparative statistic analysis with the main perinatal weight/length/head circumference curves currently in use was performed. Results: The obtained anthropometric growth curves of these newborns were compared with Hadlock and Pitalugga charts with statistically significant concordance, whereas there is a statiscally significant difference with Gonzalez and 10* percentile category for premature newborns in the Juez chart. Conclusion: The anthropometric chilean neonatal charts obtained have statistical and clinical advantages in comparison with other newborn local charts currently in use. We recommend these curves for perinatologic clinical use.
Objetivo: Diseñar curvas antropométricas locales para recién nacidos seleccionados, entre 24 y 42 semanas de edad gestacional, que permitan un uso clínico confiable, más representativas en comparación con otras curvas de crecimiento intrauterino de uso en Chile. Método: Se analizan 86 575 recién nacidos producto de embarazo único, con edad gestacional confiable, excluidos todos aquellos con antecedentes maternos o fetales que afecten el crecimiento intrauterino. Se calculó promedio, desviación estándar, percentiles 10, 50, y 90 para peso, talla y perímetro craneano de cada edad gestacional, tabulando y graficando la información. Se realiza análisis comparativo estadístico con las principales curvas de peso perinatal en uso. Resultados: Se obtienen curvas antropométricas de recién nacidos chilenos entre 24 y 42 semanas de población seleccionada. La comparación estadística de los pesos revela semejanza con las curvas de Hadlock y Pittaluga, y diferencias significativas con las curvas de González y percentil 10 de los recién nacidos de pretérmino de la curva de Juez. Conclusión: Se obtienen curvas antropométricas chilenas, con ventajas comparativas con respecto a otras curvas locales neonatales. Se recomienda su uso clínico perinatológico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Anthropometry , Birth Weight , Fetal Development , Gestational Age , Body Height , Cephalometry , Chile/epidemiology , Reference ValuesSubject(s)
Foreign-Body Migration/diagnostic imaging , Foreign-Body Migration/surgery , Prosthesis Failure , Stents , Tracheal Stenosis/therapy , Adult , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Male , Radiography , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Stomach/surgery , Tracheal Stenosis/etiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Chile ha logrado una reducción importante en los índices de salud perinatal, con un aumento de la importancia relativa de las malformaciones congénitas en la mortalidad perinatal e infantil. Para mantener esa tendencia es necesario desarrollar estrategias para reducir la mortalidad asociada a malformaciones congénitas. En respuesta a esta nueva situación, se creó el Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO), constituido por un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales. El objetivo principal es el trabajo coordinado para mejorar la calidad de atención y los resultados perinatales dependientes de malformaciones congénitas del área oriente y regiones. Para lograr esos objetivos se establece un modelo de atención integral, multidisciplinario, orientado a satisfacer sus necesidades. Se describe en detalle el modelo de atención CERPO y las actividades realizadas en el primer a¤o.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , Information Services , Fetal Death/etiology , Perinatal Care , Prenatal Diagnosis , Infant MortalityABSTRACT
Two macrocrystalline madreporic granular hydroxyapatite implants of different size range (single crystal size within both implants 1-3 microns) were implanted for 7, 28, 84 and 168 days into the trabecular bone of the distal femur epiphysis of rabbits. Both materials were investigated histologically. For testing of granular materials a new animal model has been developed. The drill hole was closed by reimplantation of an autologeous chondrocortical tissue slice to prevent loss of particles into the knee-joint. Both of the granular materials tested developed increasing bone bonding from the 7th day on to outer surfaces and pore surfaces. The degradation of both of the materials affected the superficial implant layers in soft-tissue interfaces exclusively and was mainly due to passive processes, e.g. leaching, fragmentation of granules after crack-production, particulate degradation and subsequent phagocytosis of liberated implant particles by macrophages and foreign body giant cells. Zones of superficial implant degradation were bonded partially to bone a second time. A possible low-degree, active superficial degradation by foreign body giant cells is discussed. Osteoclasts of typical morphology as being observed on other hydroxyapatite implant surfaces were not demonstrated. This was related to the low degradation rate of the implants. Both of the granular materials tested are useful in filling bone defects. A guided tissue regeneration due to partial implant degradation and subsequent bone formation seems to be impossible since the degradation rate of the materials is too low.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Bone Substitutes , Durapatite , Animals , Biocompatible Materials/adverse effects , Bone Substitutes/adverse effects , Durapatite/adverse effects , Epiphyses/surgery , Female , Femur/surgery , Foreign-Body Reaction/etiology , Particle Size , Rabbits , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva 91 recién nacidos sometidos a eritroféresis por policitemia en un período de 30 meses: 57,1% eran recién nacidos adecuados para la edad gestacional y 32% pequeños. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron la rubicundez, temblores y la cianosis. Los factortes asociados con más frecuencia fueron tamaño pequeño para la edad gestacional y síndrome de Down. Sin embargo no existió causa aparente en 31,9% de los casos. La afección materna que más se asoció con la poliglobulia fue el síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo. De los 91 niños sometidos al procedimentos 87,9% no presentaron complicaciones, 6,6% sufrieron onfalitis, 2,2% sepsis, 2,2% enterocolitis necrotizante y 1,1% meningitis
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood , Polycythemia/therapy , Infant, Small for Gestational AgeABSTRACT
Con el propósito de evaluar las posibles ventajas de una nueva leche modificada, se comparó en un estudio doble ciego, parámetros clínicos, bioquímicos y pondoestructurales en un grupo de 15 recién nacidos con peso entre 1200 a 1700 g alimentados con ella y 12 controles alimentados con otra de uso habitual. La tolerancia digestiva, los controles de calcio, fósforo, fosfatasas, proteinemia y densidad urinaria, así como también la pesquisa de anemia hemolítica no mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. El grupo alimentado con la fórmula en estudio mostró significativa menor incidencia de acidosis metabólica tardía en relación con el grupo control (9,1 y 45,1% respectivamente). En ambos grupos, sin embargo, el trastorno se corrigió espontáneamente y no modificó la curva ponderal. La nueva fórmula demostró ser adecuada para el manejo de recién nacidos de muy bajo peso
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Breast-Milk Substitutes/analysis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Food, FormulatedABSTRACT
The histories of three patients suffering from acute renal failure and multiple myeloma are reviewed. In two patients oliguric acute renal failure appeared following intravenous urography. Although renal failure was treated by dialysis, all the three patients died of pulmonary infection. It is concluded that prevention of renal failure is still more promising than its treatment.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Renal Dialysis , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , PrognosisABSTRACT
On the evidence of observations comprising approximately 200 treatments by peritoneal dialysis (PD), the advantages of the weekly 3 X 9-h schedule over the 2 X 24-h schedule are pointed out. Utilization of dialysing fluid per week was 45.11 versus 54.61. The improved general condition of the patients and the favourable changes of the biochemical parameters were in support of this dialysis strategy. The use of the type PDK-8 automated apparatus designed by the authors, is recommended as being simple to handle, labour-saving and apt to minimize the hazard of peritonitis.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Creatinine/blood , Electrolytes/blood , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Male , Urea/blood , Uric Acid/bloodSubject(s)
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity , Renal Dialysis , Uremia/immunology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology , Uremia/therapyABSTRACT
Antibody-dependent and spontaneous lymphocytotoxicity of blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with chronic renal failure was studied before and after haemodialysis in xenogeneic chicken erythrocyte and allogeneic K-562 test systems. The originally impaired antibody-dependent and spontaneous lymphocytoxicity of uraemic patients significantly improved following haemodialysis. Both pre- and post-haemodialysis uraemic sera strongly inhibited the antibody-dependent and spontaneous cytotoxicity of autologous and of healthy control lymphocytes.
