Academic history, domains and distribution of the hot-cold system in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The hot-cold classification system for things and concepts is widely used by many human groups in Mexico. We conducted a comprehensive review to understand the history, themes, and distribution of this system. METHODS: We analyzed publications based on field work in Mexico, considering publication date, research approach, study depth, and conceptual domains. We identified the ethnic groups that use the system and the places where they live. A map illustrates the geographic and cultural distribution of the system. RESULTS: The hot-cold system has been documented in 101 academic publications spanning almost a century, particularly for traditional medicine and food. Initially dominated by anthropological studies, ethnobotanists have increasingly contributed to the research. The hot-cold system is utilized by at least 56 indigenous ethnic groups (81% of the total) and mestizos (whose primary or sole language is Spanish) across most of Mexico. DISCUSSION: Anthropologists laid the foundation for understanding the hot-cold system, on which current ethnobotany builds. However, there are still knowledge gaps, for example on some domains (human beings, landscape) and on patterns by regions or linguistic families. The geographic and cultural distribution presented here is approximate, as group ethnicity is imprecise. CONCLUSIONS: The hot-cold system is widely applied in Mexico, although some variations exist. Further exploration of understudied domains, and variations between ethnic groups and regions, would contribute to a comprehensive explanation of this interconnected worldview.

School professionals' knowledge about pediatric traumatic brain injury: an international study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine Spanish-speaking school professionals' level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pediatric TBI. METHODS: School professionals(n = 2,238) from 19 countries completed an online-survey regarding their training, knowledge and misconceptions, attitudes and perceptions about TBI. RESULTS: Of the full sample 75% (n = 1689) knew what TBI was, though only 18% (n = 350) reported having experience with a student with TBI. Only 7.7% (n = 143) and 3% (n = 55) of participants could identify all of the common short- and long-term TBI sequelae, respectively. Special education professionals, those with experience with a student with TBI, and those who had received training regarding TBI showed greater knowledge in these areas. Although participants showed high levels of knowledge in 6/24 misconceptions of TBI, they endorsed others. Group, sex, experience with students with TBI, training in TBI, and number of years working were significantly linked to some misconceptions about TBI; however, the effect sizes were small. CONCLUSION: The knowledge and experience that Spanish-speaking school professionals have regarding childhood TBI are minimal. It is therefore critical that these professionals receive a more comprehensive education during their academic training and the practice of their profession about TBI.

Tutorías virtuales postpandemia: implicancias en los aprendizajes de estudiantes de terapia ocupacional que cursan sus prácticas profesionales / Tutoriais virtuais pós-pandemia: implicações para a aprendizagem de estudantes de terapia ocupacional que estão realizando suas práticas profissionais / Postpandemic virtual tutorials: implications for the learning of occupational therapy students who are doing their professional practices

Resumen Introducción Los efectos de la virtualización en los aprendizajes de los/as estudiantes de la educación superior son aún inciertos, durante el año 2022 se retoman las actividades presenciales y otras se mantienen en el formato on-line. Estas últimas son objeto de este estudio. Objetivo Identificar los alcances y desafíos de las tutorías virtuales sincrónicas, realizadas en periodo postpandemia, a partir de la experiencia y opinión de docentes y estudiantes de terapia ocupacional de una universidad chilena. Metodología Metodología de carácter mixto, a través de un grupo focal con 11 docentes y por medio de un cuestionario contestado por 76 estudiantes. Se realiza análisis del contenido temático de los datos cualitativos y estadística descriptiva los datos cuantitativos. Para la integración de la información producida se utiliza la triangulación de datos. Resultados Las tutorías virtuales sincrónicas son útiles para la adquisición de varios aprendizajes como la capacidad de articular la teoría con la práctica, siendo un espacio que favorece la contención emocional, ofrece apoyo mutuo a los/as estudiantes y permite el desarrollo de un pensamiento social, reflexivo y situado. Simultáneamente, los hallazgos dan cuenta de la preferencia por parte de los/as estudiantes por el aprendizaje individual por sobre la necesidad de producir aprendizajes y conocimientos de manera colaborativa en tiempos postpandemia. Conclusiones Se sugiere contar en las tutorías virtuales sincrónicas con un importante número y variedad de metodologías y que éstas consideren los contextos en los que se realiza la práctica profesional.

Resumo Introdução Os efeitos da virtualização na aprendizagem dos alunos do ensino superior ainda são incertos, durante o ano de 2022 as atividades presenciais foram retomadas e outras permaneceram no formato online. Estas últimas são objeto deste estudo. Objetivo Identificar o alcance e os desafios das tutorias virtuais síncronas, realizadas no período pós-pandemia, com base na experiência e opinião de professores e alunos de curso de graduação em terapia ocupacional de uma universidade chilena. Metodologia Metodologia mista, com informação produzida através de um grupo focal com 11 professores e através de um questionário respondido por 76 alunos. É realizada análise de conteúdo temática dos dados qualitativos e estatística descritiva dos dados quantitativos. Para a integração das informações produzidas, utiliza-se a triangulação de dados. Resultados As tutorias virtuais síncronas são úteis para a aquisição de vários tipos de aprendizagem, como a capacidade de articular a teoria com a prática, caracterizando-se como um espaço que favorece o apoio emocional, oferece apoio mútuo aos alunos e permite o desenvolvimento do pensamento social, reflexivo e situado. Simultaneamente, os achados mostram a preferência dos alunos pela aprendizagem individual em detrimento da necessidade de produzir aprendizagem e conhecimento de forma colaborativa em tempos pós-pandemia. Conclusões Sugere-se um número significativo e variado de metodologias nas tutorias virtuais síncronas e que estas considerem os contextos em que se desenvolve a prática profissional.

Abstract Introduction The effects of virtualization on the learning of higher education students are still uncertain, during the year 2022 face-to-face activities returned and others remained in the online format. The latter is the subject of this study. Objective To identify the scope and challenges of synchronous virtual tutorials, carried out in the post-pandemic period, based on the experience and the opinion of occupational therapy professors, and students from a Chilean university. Methodology A mixed methodology is used; information is produced through a focus group with 11 professors and through a questionnaire answered by 76 students. Analysis of the thematic content of the qualitative data and descriptive statistics of the quantitative data is carried out. For the integration of the information produced, data triangulation is used. Results Synchronous virtual tutorials are useful for the acquisition of various types of learning such as the ability to articulate theory with practice. They are space that favors emotional support, offers mutual support to students, and allows the development of social thinking, reflection, and situated. Simultaneously, the findings show the preference by the students for individual learning over the need to produce learning and knowledge collaboratively in post-pandemic times. Conclusions It is suggested to have a significant number and variety of methodologies in synchronous virtual tutorials and that these consider the contexts in which professional practice is carried out.

Titanium nanoparticles activate a transcriptional response in Arabidopsis that enhances tolerance to low phosphate, osmotic stress and pathogen infection.

Titanium is a ubiquitous element with a wide variety of beneficial effects in plants, including enhanced nutrient uptake and resistance to pathogens and abiotic stresses. While there is numerous evidence supporting the beneficial effects that Ti fertilization give to plants, there is little information on which genetic signaling pathways the Ti application activate in plant tissues. In this study, we utilize RNA-seq and ionomics technologies to unravel the molecular signals that Arabidopsis plants unleash when treated with Ti. RNA-seq analysis showed that Ti activates abscisic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways and the expression of NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE-LEUCINE RICH REPEAT receptors likely by acting as a chemical priming molecule. This activation results in enhanced resistance to drought, high salinity, and infection with Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. Ti also grants an enhanced nutritional state, even at suboptimal phosphate concentrations by upregulating the expression of multiple nutrient and membrane transporters and by modifying or increasing the production root exudates. Our results suggest that Ti might act similarly to the beneficial element Silicon in other plant species.

Structural and functional changes in rat uterus induced by neonatal androgenization.

Fetal or neonatal androgen exposure has a programming effect on ovarian function inducing a polycystic ovarian syndrome-like condition. Its effects on uterine structure and function are poorly studied. The aim of this work was to characterize the temporal course of changes in the rat uterine structure induced by neonatal exposure to aromatizable or not aromatizable androgens. Rats were daily treated with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone or vehicle during follicle assembly period (postnatal days 1 to 5). Uterine histoarchitecture, hormonal milieu, endometrial stromal collagen and capillary density were analyzed at prepubertal, pubertal and adult ages. Our data shows that neonatal androgen exposure induces early and long-lasting deleterious effects on uterine development, including altered adenogenesis and superficial epithelial alterations and suggest a role for altered serum estradiol levels in the maintenance and worsening of the situation. Our results suggest that alterations of the neonatal androgenic environment on the uterus could be responsible for alterations in the processes of implantation and maintenance of the embryo in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Membrane Water Treatment for Drinking Water Production from an Industrial Effluent Used in the Manufacturing of Food Additives.

An integrated membrane process for treatment of effluents from food additive manufacturing was designed and evaluated on a laboratory scale. The principal focus was water recovery with the possibility of its reuse as potable water. The industrial effluent presented high content of dyes and salts. It was red in color and presented brine characteristics. The whole effluent was fed into the integrated process in continuous flow. The steps of the process are as follows: sedimentation (S), adsorption by activated carbon (AC), ion exchange using resins (IEXR), and reverse osmosis (RO) (S-AC-IEXR-RO). The effect of previous operations was evaluated by stress-rupture curves in packaged columns of AC and IEXR, membrane flux, and fouling dominance in RO. Fouling was evaluated by way of the Silt Density Index and membrane resistance examination during effluent treatment. The integrated membrane process provided reclaimed water with sufficiently high standards of quality for reuse as potable water. AC showed a high efficiency for color elimination, reaching its rupture point at 20 h and after 5L of effluent treatment. IEXR showed capacity for salt removal, providing 2.2-2.5 L of effluent treatment, reaching its rupture point at 11-15 h. As a result of these previous operations and operating conditions, the fouling of the RO membrane was alleviated, displaying high flux of water: 20-18 L/h/m2 and maintaining reversible fouling dominance at a feed flow rate of 0.5-0.7 L/h. The characteristics of the reclaimed water showed drinking water standards.

Generation and characterization of Ccdc28b mutant mice links the Bardet-Biedl associated gene with mild social behavioral phenotypes.

CCDC28B (coiled-coil domain-containing protein 28B) was identified as a modifier in the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Our previous work in cells and zebrafish showed that CCDC28B plays a role regulating cilia length in a mechanism that is not completely understood. Here we report the generation of a Ccdc28b mutant mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 (Ccdc28b mut). Depletion of CCDC28B resulted in a mild phenotype. Ccdc28b mut animals i) do not present clear structural cilia affectation, although we did observe mild defects in cilia density and cilia length in some tissues, ii) reproduce normally, and iii) do not develop retinal degeneration or obesity, two hallmark features of reported BBS murine models. In contrast, Ccdc28b mut mice did show clear social interaction defects as well as stereotypical behaviors. This finding is indeed relevant regarding CCDC28B as a modifier of BBS since behavioral phenotypes have been documented in BBS. Overall, this work reports a novel mouse model that will be key to continue evaluating genetic interactions in BBS, deciphering the contribution of CCDC28B to modulate the presentation of BBS phenotypes. In addition, our data underscores a novel link between CCDC28B and behavioral defects, providing a novel opportunity to further our understanding of the genetic, cellular, and molecular basis of these complex phenotypes.

Drosophila attack inhibits hyphal regeneration and defense mechanisms activation for the fungus Trichoderma atroviride.

The capability to respond to wounding is a process shared by organisms of different kingdoms that can result in the regeneration of whole-body parts or lost structures or organs. Filamentous fungi constitute a rich food source that ensures survival and reproduction of their predators and are therefore continuously exposed to mechanical damage. Nevertheless, our understanding of how fungi respond to wounding and predators is scarce. Fungi like plants and animals respond to injury recognizing Damage- and Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs/MAMPs) that activate Ca2+ and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase dependent signaling for the activation of defense mechanisms. During herbivory, plants, in addition to activating pathways related to injury, activate specific responses to combat their predators. Using a transcriptional approach, we studied the capacity of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride to activate specific responses to injury and attack by different arthropods. Attack by Drosophila melanogaster inhibited the transcriptional activation of genes required for hyphal regeneration, and the fungal innate immune and chemical defense responses. We also provide mechanistic insight of this inhibition involving components of the D. melanogaster salivary glands that repress the expression of a set of genes and block hyphal regeneration.

Prevalencia de halitosis en niños y su asociación con la higiene bucal, caries dental, saburra lingual, tipo de respiración, edad y sexo / Prevalence of halitosis in children and its association with oral hygiene, dental caries, tongue coating, type of breathing, age, and sex

Resumen La halitosis es considerada como una condición anómala frecuente en la salud bucal y se define como un olor desagradable que emite la cavidad oral, nariz, vías respiratorias o aparato digestivo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de halitosis y su relación con los factores asociados como: higiene oral, caries, placa lingual, tipo de respiración, edad y sexo en niños de 5 a 12 años que asisten a la Escuela Giordano Bruno, de la Provincia de Pichincha - Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal realizado en una población de 178 estudiantes de 5 a 12 años, la muestra fue de 122 niños seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico. Se solicitó el consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio. La prevalencia de halitosis se evaluó con un monitor que detecta compuestos volátiles de sulfuro. Los factores asociados se midieron por medio del IHOS, el índice de lengua saburral de Winkel, la prueba con el espejo bucal y el índice ceo-d y CPO-D. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba de Chi cuadrado con un valor de significación de 0,05 y un Análisis de Regresión Logística Binaria. Resultados: La prevalencia de halitosis fue del 50% en los niños y se relacionó con saburralingual, higiene bucal, edad y sexo (p<0,05), pero no hubo asociación entre la halitosis, el tipo de respiración y la presencia de caries dental. Los niños que presentan saburra lingual tienen 177 veces mayor riesgo de presentar halitosis mientras que los que muestran una higiene bucal regular tienen 205 veces más riesgo de presentar halitosis. Conclusión: La prevalencia de halitosis en niños es alta y los principales factores de riesgo son la saburra lingual y la higiene bucal regular.

Abstract Halitosis is considered a frequent anomaly in oral health that is defined as an unpleasant odor that emits from the oral cavity, nose, respiratory tract or digestive system. Objective: To determine the prevalence of halitosis and its relationship with associated factors such as: oral hygiene, tooth decay, tongue plaque, type of breathing, age and sex in children aged 5 to 12 years who attend the Giordano Bruno School of the Province of Pichincha - Ecuador. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in a population of 178 students aged 5 to 12 years, the sample consisted of 122 children selected through probability sampling. Informed consent was requested to participate in the study. The prevalence of halitosis was evaluated with a monitor that detects volatile sulfur compounds and the associated factors were measured by means of the IHOS, the Winkel coated tongue index, the oral mirror test and the ceo-d and CPO-D index. The data were analyzed with the Chi square test with a significance value of 0.05 and a Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: The prevalence of halitosis was 50% in children and it was related to tongue coating, oral hygiene, age, and sex (p <0.05), there was no association between halitosis, type of respiration and the presence of dental caries. Children with tongue coating have a 177 times greater risk of halitosis, while children with regular oral hygiene have a 205 times greater risk of halitosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of halitosis in children is high and the main risk factors are tongue coating and regular oral hygiene.

Effects on Capsicum annuum Plants Colonized with Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst Strains Genetically Modified in Taswo1, a Gene Coding for a Protein with Expansin-like Activity.

Here, we analyzed the effects on Capsicum annuum plants of Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst strains altered in the expression of SWOLLENIN (SWO1), a protein with amorphogenic activity on plant cell wall components. Strains of T. atroviride that overexpressed the Taswo1 gene were constructed as well as deletion mutants. A novel, cheap and accurate method for assessing root colonization was developed. Colonization assays showed that the Taswo1 overexpressing strains invaded the host root better than the WT, resulting in a stronger plant growth-promoting effect. The expression of plant defense marker genes for both the systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance pathways was enhanced in plants inoculated with Taswo1 overexpressing strains, while inoculation with deletion mutant strains resulted in a similar level of expression to that observed upon inoculation with the wild-type strain. Response to pathogen infection was also enhanced in the plants inoculated with the Taswo1 overexpressing strains, and surprisingly, an intermediate level of protection was achieved with the mutant strains. Tolerance to abiotic stresses was also higher in plants inoculated with the Taswo1 overexpressing strains but was similar in plants inoculated with the wild-type or the mutant strains. Compatible osmolyte production in drought conditions was studied. This study may contribute to improving Trichoderma biocontrol and biofertilization abilities.

Abiotic Stress in Crop Species: Improving Tolerance by Applying Plant Metabolites.

Reductions in crop yields brought about by abiotic stress are expected to increase as climate change, and other factors, generate harsher environmental conditions in regions traditionally used for cultivation. Although breeding and genetically modified and edited organisms have generated many varieties with greater abiotic stress tolerance, their practical use depends on lengthy processes, such as biological cycles and legal aspects. On the other hand, a non-genetic approach to improve crop yield in stress conditions involves the exogenous application of natural compounds, including plant metabolites. In this review, we examine the recent literature related to the application of different natural primary (proline, l-tryptophan, glutathione, and citric acid) and secondary (polyols, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, glycine betaine, α-tocopherol, and melatonin) plant metabolites in improving tolerance to abiotic stress. We focus on drought, saline, heavy metal, and temperature as environmental parameters that are forecast to become more extreme or frequent as the climate continues to alter. The benefits of such applications are often evaluated by measuring their effects on metabolic, biochemical, and morphological parameters in a variety of crop plants, which usually result in improved yields when applied in greenhouse conditions or in the field. As this strategy has proven to be an effective way to raise plant tolerance to abiotic stress, we also discuss the prospect of its widespread implementation in the short term.

Climate and categories: Two key elements for understanding the Mesoamerican hot-cold classification of illnesses and medicinal plants.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The concepts of health and illness, and their causes, are fundamental for understanding medicinal plant choice and use by traditional people. The hot-cold system is widespread in Mesoamerican traditional medicine and guides many therapeutic decisions. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study explores a hypothesis that climate influences the hot-cold classification of illnesses and medicinal plants, and the perception of hazard of illnesses. In addition, we examine the classification categories within the system used in different regions of Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies from Mexico with quantitative and qualitative data on the hot-cold properties of medicinal plants and ailments were reviewed. The information was organized and then related to the climate type of the study areas. RESULTS: In temperate climates, most diseases were considered cold, and hot medicinal plants were dominant. Conversely, in warm-tropical climates, hot diseases dominated, and the majority of medicinal plants were cold; however, this evidence was weaker. The perception of hazard was congruent with the number of illnesses for temperate climates. There were additional classification categories within the hot-cold system for diseases and medicinal plants, and they were expressed in different terms in Spanish, English, and indigenous languages. Although similar terms and categories were used in the classification of diseases and medicinal plants, they can differ conceptually and vary between places and cultures. Publications are sometimes unclear if the terms used are emic or etic. The basic principle of using plants with the opposite property of the disease does not always apply strictly. CONCLUSIONS: Climate appears to influence the hot-cold classification of diseases and medicinal plants in Mexico, and the system is not strictly dual. Improved knowledge of the hot-cold system is necessary to understand Mesoamerican medicinal plant use and culture.

Water recovery by treatment of food industry wastewater using membrane processes.

This work presents a proposal for the recovery of water through the treatment of food industry wastewater using membrane processes. Three wastewater streams from the different manufacturing steps were identified as possible sources of water recovery: (1) wastewater from the washing of ionic exchange resins and (2) wastewater from the concentration stage of animal proteins (type 1 and 2). The wastewater streams were treated as effluent mixtures; each one with different level of pollution. The principal characteristics of the effluent mixtures were identified as high conductivity and the presence of organic matter. Under these conditions, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis were carried out for the treatment of wastewater. The ultrafiltration process was tested at an industrial-level plant and the reverse osmosis process was applied at a pilot-plant level. The results showed the feasibility of the proposed treatment for water recovery. The data demonstrates an efficiency greater than 95% in all the quality parameters and therefore, a high quality in the recovered water was obtained by membrane processes. According to the chemical composition of wastewater, the reversible fouling was linked to salts and protein retention, promoting the formation of a cake layer as reversible resistance; whereas, irreversible fouling was minimum during wastewater treatment.

Early postnatal environmental enrichment restores neurochemical and functional plasticities of the cerebral cortex and improves learning performance in hidden-prenatally-malnourished young-adult rats.

Moderate reduction of dietary protein (from 25% to 8% casein) in pregnant rats, calorically compensated by carbohydrates, gives rise to 'hidden prenatal malnutrition' (HPM) in the offspring since it does not alter body and brain weights of pups at birth. However, this dietary treatment leads to decreased ß-adrenoceptor signaling and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the pup' brain, altogether with defective cortical long-term potentiation (LTP) and lowered visuospatial memory performance. Since early postnatal environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to exert plastic effects on the developing brain and neuroprotection both on cognition and on structural properties of the neocortex, in the present study we addressed the question of whether early postnatal EE during the lactation period could exert compensatory changes in the expression of ®-adrenergic receptors and BDNF in the neocortex of HPM rats, and if these effects are associated with an improvement or even a restore of both neocortical LTP in vivo and cognitive performance induced by HPM. The results obtained show that EE restored ß-adrenoceptor density, BDNF expression and the ability to support LTP at prefrontal and occipital cortices of HPM rats. Besides, EE improved learning performance in visuospatial and operant conditioning tasks. The latter support the notion that adequate maternal protein nutrition during pregnancy is required for proper brain development and function. Further, the results highlight the role of environmental enrichment during early postnatal life in increasing later brain plasticity and exerting neuroprotection against brain deficits induced by prenatal malnutrition.

Trichoderma atroviride from Predator to Prey: Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Tmk3 in Fungal Chemical Defense against Fungivory by Drosophila melanogaster Larvae.

The response to injury represents an important strategy for animals and plants to survive mechanical damage and predation. Plants respond to injury by activating a defense response that includes the production of an important variety of compounds that help them withstand predator attack and recover from mechanical injury (MI). Similarly, the filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride responds to MI by strongly modifying its transcriptional profile and producing asexual reproduction structures (conidia). Here, we analyzed whether the response to MI in T. atroviride is related to a possible predator defense mechanism from a metabolic perspective. We found that the production of specific groups of secondary metabolites increases in response to MI but is reduced after fungivory by Drosophila melanogaster larvae. We further show that fungivory results in repression of the expression of genes putatively involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite production in T. atroviride Activation of secondary metabolite production appears to depend on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Tmk3. Interestingly, D. melanogaster larvae preferred to feed on a tmk3 gene replacement mutant rather than on the wild-type strain. Consumption of the mutant strain, however, resulted in increased larval mortality.IMPORTANCE Fungi, like other organisms, have natural predators, including fungivorous nematodes and arthropods that use them as an important food source. Thus, they require mechanisms to detect and respond to injury. Trichoderma atroviride responds to mycelial injury by rapidly regenerating its hyphae and developing asexual reproduction structures. Whether this injury response is associated with attack by fungivorous insects is unknown. Therefore, determining the possible conservation of a defense mechanism to predation in T. atroviride and plants and elucidating the mechanisms involved in the establishment of this response is of major interest. Here, we describe the chemical response of T. atroviride to mechanical injury and fungivory and the role of a MAPK pathway in the regulation of this response.

The complete mitogenome of the invasive Japanese mud snail Batillaria attramentaria (Gastropoda: Batillariidae) from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA.

Genomic analysis of the invasive marine snail Batillaria attramentaria from Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California, USA using 150 bp paired-end Illumina sequences resulted in the assembly of its complete mitogenome. The mitogenome is 16,095 bp in length and contains 2 rRNA, 13 protein-coding, and 22 tRNA genes (GenBank Accession MN557850). Gene content and organization of B. attramentaria are identical to the Turritellidae and Pachychilidae. The phylogenetic analysis of B. attramentaria resolves it in a fully supported clade with these same two families in the superfamily Cerithioidea. Nucleotide BLAST searches of the Elkhorn Slough cox1 gene of B. attramentaria yielded identical sequences from invasive populations from California and British Columbia, and native populations from northeastern and central Japan. These data show that mitogenome sequencing is a useful tool for studying the classification and phylogenetic history Cerithioidea.

Platelet Survival in Hematology Patients Assessed by the Corrected Count Increment and Other Formulas.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of the corrected count increment (CCI) and three other formulas to assess 24-hour posttransfusion platelet survival in hematology patients. METHODS: Twenty-four-hour posttransfusion platelet counts were analyzed after apheresis platelet transfusion. Platelet increment (PI), percent platelet recovery (PPR), and percentage platelet increment (PPI) were compared with CCI by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Clinical factors that influence platelet survival were assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 142 apheresis platelet transfusions in 85 hematology patients were studied. Mean (SD) CCI at 24 hours was 11,869 (10,125). Compared with CCI, the sensitivity of other formulas ranged from 89.4% to 95.7% and specificity from 94.7% to 100%. Cutoff values were 15.7 × 103/µL for PI, 11.4% for PPR, and 17% for PPI. For ABO-compatible vs incompatible transfusions, CCI was 14,070/µL vs 9,176/µL (P = .007). Negative factors for all formulas were sepsis, hypotension, and amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS: PI, PPR, and PPI are comparable to CCI for assessing 24-hour platelet survival.

Condiciones de trabajo y fatiga en enfermeras del Hospital Regional Ramiro Priale Priale EsSalud ­ Huancayo - 2017 / Working conditions and fatigue in nurses of the Ramiro Priale Priale EsSalud Regional Hospital - Huancayo - 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la relación entre las condiciones de trabajo y fatiga en enfermeras del Hospital Regional Ramiro Priale Priale ESSALUD ­ Huancayo en el 2017. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo trasversal de tipo correlacional en una población de 230 profesionales de enfermería, cuya muestra fue determinada por muestreo aleatorio simple resultando 120 enfermeras a quienes se les aplicó, el cuestionario denominado "Autoevaluación de condiciones de trabajo de enfermería" y la "Escala de fatiga - Check List Individual Strength (CIS)". Se comprobó la validez de los instrumentos por medio del análisis factorial (KMO: 0.882 y KMO: 0.872 respectivamente) y la confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach: 0.868 y 0.870 respectivamente) con los datos obtenidos en una prueba piloto; entre los resultados se destaca que: Las condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras, se caracteriza porque el 36.7 % de enfermeras califican como malas sus condiciones de trabajo y el 48.4 % declaran encontrarse fatigadas con el trabajo que realizan; también se evidencia que cuando se precarizan las condiciones de trabajo de la enfermera en general, se incrementa la fatiga en las enfermeras (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de -0.542).

CONDICIONES DE SALUD Y TRABAJO ASOCIADAS AL DOLOR LUMBAR EN LOS OPERARIOS DEL ÁREA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE UNA EMPRESA DE LÁCTEOS EN BARRANQUILLA / CONDITIONS OF HEALTH AND WORK ASSOCIATED WITH LUMBAR PAIN IN THE OPERATORS OF THE PRODUCTION AREA OF A LACTEOS COMPANY IN BARRANQUILLA

Introducción: El dolor lumbar de origen laboral, es considerado unode los problemas más comunes en salud pública, afectando de tal forma el bienestar y la calidadde vida de los trabajadores. Objetivo:Identificar las condiciones de salud y trabajo asociadas aldolor lumbaren los operarios del área de producción de una empresa de lácteos en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Metodología:El tipo de estudio que se realizó es descriptivode corte transversal. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 80 individuosdel área de producción, quienes a través de un consentimiento informado dieron el aval para que seaplicara elCuestionario Nórdico de autorreporte de molestias o síntomas, instrumento diseñado y validado por Kuorinka.Resultados:Seidentificó que el 59% deltotal de los trabajadores encuestados reportaron dolor lumbar durante el último año, seguido de dolor en muñecas con un 40% del total.El 43% de los trabajadores reporta que el dolor en la columna lumbar les ha impedido realizar actividades en casa o en el trabajo.El 82% de los síntomas reportados por los trabajadores están localizados en la columna lumbar. De los 31 operarios sintomáticos de columna lumbar, el 67.74% este en sobrepeso con IMC igual o mayor a 25.Conclusiones:Los resultados del estudio demuestran que el dolor lumbar es un problema de gran impacto,por endese deben realizar intervenciones preventivas, enfocadas en mejorar el sistema de trabajo a través del diseño de herramientas y equipos que disminuyan el esfuerzo físico de los trabajadores

Introduction:Labor-related back pain is considered one of the most common problems in public health, affecting the well-being and quality of life of workers.Objective:To identify the health and work conditions associated with back pain in the operatives of the production area of a dairy company in the city of Barranquilla.Methodology:The type of study that was carried out is descriptive of cross section. A random sample of 80 individuals from the production area was taken, who through an informed consent gave the endorsement to apply the Nordic Questionnaire self-report of discomfort or symptoms, instrument designed and validated by Kuorinka. Results:It was identified that 59% of the total workers surveyed reported lumbar pain during the last year, followed by pain in dolls with 40% of the total. 43% of workers report that pain in the lumbar spine has prevented them from doing activities at home or at work. 82% of the symptoms reported by workers are located in the lumbar spine. Of the 31 symptomatic workers of the lumbar spine, 67.74% were overweight with a BMI equal to or greater than 25.Conclusions:The results of the study show that back pain is a problem of great impact, therefore preventive interventions should be made, focused on improving the work system through the design of tools and equipment that reduce the physical effort of workers