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Nefrología (Madr.) ; 25(3): 250-257, mayo 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-040368

ABSTRACT

Las glomerulonefritis constituyen una causa importante de insuficiencia renal crónicaterminal. Varios factores pueden influir negativamente en su pronóstico; deentre ellos destaca la hipertensión arterial. Su prevalencia en las glomerulonefritises variable según las series, probablemente debido a diferencias demográficas, detipos histológicos, de tiempo de evolución en el momento del análisis o a que esdifícil diferenciar si es secundaria a la propia nefropatía o a la insuficiencia renalque puede producir ésta. Su influencia negativa en el pronóstico renal puede estarmediada más por la propia insuficiencia renal, de la que puede ser a su vez consecuenciacuando es lo suficientemente severa, que por la propia hipertensión.Nuestros objetivos fueron analizar la prevalencia de hipertensión en el momentode la biopsia renal de los 394 pacientes diagnosticados de glomerulonefritis primariaen dos décadas en la Bahía de Cádiz y su influencia en el pronóstico desdeentonces y aún en ausencia de insuficiencia renal severa.La prevalencia global de hipertensión fue del 39%, siendo más frecuente en lospacientes de mayor edad. La tasa acumulada de supervivencia renal para los hipertensosfue del 54%, 28%, 20% y 4% a los 5, 10, 15 y 20 años respectivamente;mientras que para los normotensos fue del 83%, 75%, 66% y 62% paralos mismos períodos (p < 0,001). Esta peor tendencia para los hipertensos se observaen cada tipo histológico, con especial significación en las nefropatías IgA ymembranosa. Esta influencia negativa de la hipertensión se mantuvo igualmentecuando no coexistía insuficiencia renal severa en el momento de la biopsia.Conclusiones: La hipertensión es frecuente en las glomerulonefritis primarias,condicionando el pronóstico renal a largo plazo, desde el momento del diagnósticoe incluso antes de la existencia de insuficiencia renal severa


Nowadays, glomerulonephritis are one of the most common causes of End-stageRenal Disease and starting point of dialysis in Spain. Several factors may influencenegatively in this prognosis; among them, we may show up the systemic arterialhypertension. Though its prevalence in the glomerulonephritis is consideredhigher than in other nephropathies, with variations among series, probably due todifference in ages, in geographical areas, in histological types, in time on evolutionof the nephritis… and because it is difficult to distinguish if the hypertensionis a consequence of the nephritis or a consequence of the renal failure that canbe present in several cases. In the same way, its negative influence in the renalprognosis may be influenced more by this renal failure, which can be its causewhen it is quite severe, than by the hypertension itself. Our aims were to analyse,on the one hand the prevalence of hypertension in the 394 patients diagnosedof primary glomurolonephritis by means of a renal biopsy during two decadesin the Bay of Cadiz, as well as its influence in the renal prognosis since themoment of the diagnosis, even with the absence of severe renal failure. We gathereddemographic, clinical, analytical and histological data, as well as the situationof the renal function and the survival period of it at the end of each patientstudy. For the analysis prognosis and renal survival, Kaplan-Meier curves and thelong-rank test were used.Of the 394 patients, 247 are men and 147 are women, with an average age of36.7 ± 17.7 years old. The global prevalence of hypertension was 39%, with ahigher frequency in older patients. The gathered rate of renal survival for hypertensivepatients was 54%, 28%, 20% and 4% at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years respectively;while for non-hypertensive patients, it was 83%, 75%, 66% and 62% forthe same periods of time (p < 0,001). This worse tendency for hypertensive patientsis observed too in each particular histological type, especially in the IgAnephropathy and membranous nephropathy. These results were the same for thepatients who did not have severe renal failure in the moment of the biopsy.Conclusions: Hypertension is a common fact in the primary glomerulonephritis,which also conditions, in an important way, the renal prognosis itself in a longterm, from the moment of diagnosis and even before the existence of a significantrenal failure


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Humans , Glomerulonephritis/complications , Glomerulonephritis/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Glomerulonephritis, IGA , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension, Renal , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Disease Progression , Life Tables , Prevalence , Prognosis , Renal Dialysis , Spain/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
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