Instruments to assess the role of the clinical pharmacist: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The clinical pharmacist is an essential member of the healthcare team and plays an important role in health care in the primary care and the hospital setting. Knowledge regarding the instruments that evaluate the different activities of the clinical pharmacist, as well as the evaluation of the psychometric properties of these instruments, is necessary. METHODS: A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases without time and language restrictions. For the search strategy, the "pharmaceutical services," "validity studies," and "professional performance" domains were used. To assess the quality of the instruments, the five sources of validity evidence of contemporary psychometry were used, and the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. After screening 4096 articles, 32 studies were selected. RESULTS: A total of 32 studies were included, and 32 instruments were identified to be used by pharmacists acting in various pharmaceutical practice scenarios. It was found that the available instruments were developed or adapted from others, with variation in the methods, constructs, dimensions, and domains, as well as the psychometric properties. Most of the instruments addressed community pharmacies, and evidence of content validity and internal structure was found most frequently. A standardized and validated instrument that comprehensively assessed the performance of the clinical pharmacist, addressing clinical activities, was not identified for all practice environments. CONCLUSIONS: Without standardized and validated instruments specifics to assess the performance of the clinical pharmacist, it is hard to establish the main clinical activities performed by pharmacists in their pharmaceutical practice environments and to propose training actions to improve professional practice. Despite the large number of instruments available and considered validated by the authors, it is questioned to what extent the validity indicators presented in the different studies really show the validation status. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD 42018099912.

Pain in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review.

AIMS: To assess the presence of pain, its location, intensity, and effects on the daily activities of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). DESIGN: A systematic review. METHODS: We carried out search for articles published until December 2020, including publications in Portuguese, English, and Spanish during the past 15 years (2005-2020), using the Embase, SciELO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The following information was collected: type of pain, pain treatment, pain assessment instrument, prevalence of pain, location, and influence of pain on quality of life. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were selected for a systematic review. These studies involved a total of 98,162 adult and elderly patients with CKD who were undergoing HD. There was a high prevalence of pain in patients with CKD on HD. The most frequent sites of pain were the head, back, bones, chest, and the upper and lower limbs. The presence of acute, chronic, neuropathic pain, and myalgia was also reported in the studies. In addition, there was a higher frequency of moderate and severe pain, which influenced daily activities, the ability to walk, mood, relationships with other people, sleep, and work in patients on dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed studies suggest that acute and chronic pain is a prevalent complaint in adults and elderly patients undergoing HD. There was a higher frequency of moderate and severe pain in different parts of the body, and pain interfered with everyday activities.

Life satisfaction and positive and negative feelings of workers: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: In this article, conceptualization of well-being is a starting point. According to Diener, subjective well-being refers to all kinds of evaluation, both positive and negative, people make about their own lives. It includes cognitive assessments, such as satisfaction with life and satisfaction with work, as well as affective reactions to life events, such as sadness and contentment. Low levels of health and well-being in workers lead to many consequences. Sick leave, low productivity, and absenteeism are some examples. In this systematic review, the main objective is to assess workers' subjective well-being. METHODS: The studies should include workers, whether they are paid or volunteers. Also, they must assess workers' subjective well-being. Observational peer-reviewed studies will be included. Qualitative studies will be excluded. The primary outcomes to be considered are the subjective well-being indicators described. Only studies that used six (6) instruments, developed by Diener, will be included. The instruments are Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE), Positive Thinking Scale (PTS), Flourishing Scale (FS), Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT), and Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT). The studies will come from Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus databases. The studies must be written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. DISCUSSION: As far as we know, this is the first systematic review related specially to workers' subjective well-being. We hope that this study contributes to the "well-being at work" discussion and also to the development of effective interventions, used outside and inside organizations, that could improve well-being scores and increase correlate variables scores such as general health, social relations, and quality of life. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016039520.

Quality of life of women who practice dance: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: As general population life expectancy has increased, the need to investigate the quality of life has arisen, especially because it is important that people have a healthy long life and with good quality. Studies are done with specific populations, and in the case of this investigation, the target studies are the ones done with women. Female population is growing demographically and professionally. Women have shown increased levels of stress and higher number of illness. It is known that many practices can be used to improve the level of quality of life and that one of them is the dance. Dance is an activity which combines physical and psychosocial aspects. Moreover, it promotes self-expression, self-esteem, and self-confidence. It relieves women of stress. And it also helps in a variety of aspects such as group interaction, motivation, and positive emotions. In this systematic review, the main objective is to assess the effect of dance on quality of life of adult women. METHODS: Only quantitative studies will be included. Studies will be accepted with any amount of dance practice time. They will have been published in the following bibliographic databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane from inception until June 30, 2018. There will be no restrictions for geographical location. It will be included studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Only published ones will be included in the review. DISCUSSION: There is a variety of systematic review studies with men and women on quality of life and dance, but this is the first one focused exclusively on adult female audience. It is expected that this review will be useful to promote the discussion about quality of life of adult women and the interest of this population for dance practice. In order to summarize and to explain the characteristics and findings of those studies, tables and information from texts will be used in a systematic narrative synthesis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016039961.