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1.
Microorganisms ; 12(2)2024 Feb 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38399727

ABSTRACT

Genetic variation in tuberculosis is influenced by the host environment, patients with comorbidity, and tuberculosis-type 2 diabetes mellitus (TB-T2DM) and implies a higher risk of treatment failure and development of drug resistance. Considering the above, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of T2DM on the dynamic of polymorphisms related to antibiotic resistance in TB. Fifty individuals with TB-T2DM and TB were initially characterized, and serial isolates of 29 of these individuals were recovered on day 0 (diagnosis), 30, and 60. Genomes were sequenced, variants related to phylogeny and drug resistance analyzed, and mutation rates calculated and compared between groups. Lineage X was predominant. At day 0 (collection), almost all isolates from the TB group were sensitive, apart from four isolates from the TB-T2DM group showing the mutation katG S315T, from which one isolate had the mutations rpoB S450L, gyrA A90G, and gyrA D94G. This pattern was observed in a second isolate at day 30. The results provide a first overview of the dynamics of mutations in resistance genes from individuals with TB-T2DM, describing an early development of resistance to isoniazid and a rapid evolution of resistance to other drugs. Although preliminary, these results help to explain the increased risk of drug resistance in individuals with TB and T2DM.

2.
Cir Cir ; 91(3): 339-343, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37440721

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present the results of our case series on laparoscopic nephrectomy in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted that included 143 patients treated with laparoscopic nephrectomy for non-functioning kidney, of whom 15 had XGP, within the time frame of 2011 to 2019. The demographic and clinical data were collected, along with the intraoperative results, complications, and days of hospital stay. RESULTS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy was successfully performed on 15 patients with XGP, with no need for conversion. Mean intraoperative time was 124.4 minutes (range 70-240) and intraoperative blood loss was 148.5 ml (range 30-550), with no blood transfusion required. No intraoperative complications occurred but there was one postoperative complication (6.6%), classified as Clavien-Dindo I (surgical wound infection). Mean hospital stay was 2.85 days (range 2-7). CONCLUSIONS: Nephrectomy is the definitive management for XGP, and the laparoscopic approach should be considered a treatment modality, despite the fact that the pathology involves a severe chronic inflammatory process. Its benefits are reduced surgery duration, less blood loss, a lower complication rate, and fewer days of hospital stay, when performed by a skilled and experienced surgeon.


OBJETIVO: Presentar los resultados de nuestra serie de nefrectomía laparoscópica en pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa (PXG). MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 143 pacientes tratados con nefrectomía laparoscópica por exclusión renal, de los cuales 15 fueron por PXG, en el periodo comprendido de 2011 a 2019. Se recolectaron datos demográficos y clínicos, resultados transoperatorios, complicaciones y días de estancia hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se realizó nefrectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal de forma exitosa en 15 pacientes con PXG, sin necesidad de conversión. El tiempo transoperatorio promedio fue de 124.4 minutos (rango: 70-240). El sangrado transoperatorio fue de 148.5 ml (rango: 30-550), sin requerimiento de transfusión sanguínea. No se reportaron complicaciones transoperatorias; se presentó una complicación en el posoperatorio (6.6%) clasificada como Clavien-Dindo I (infección de la herida quirúrgica). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 2.85 días (rango: 2-7). CONCLUSIONES: El manejo definitivo de la PXG es la nefrectomía, y el abordaje laparoscópico debe ser considerado como una modalidad de tratamiento a pesar de ser una patología que presenta un proceso inflamatorio grave y crónico, obteniéndose beneficios como disminución en el tiempo quirúrgico, menor sangrado, menor tasa de complicaciones y menos días de estancia hospitalaria cuando es realizado por un cirujano experimentado.


Subject(s)
Laparoscopy , Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Laparoscopy/methods , Blood Loss, Surgical , Intraoperative Complications/surgery , Nephrectomy/methods , Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous/surgery
3.
Genes (Basel) ; 13(4)2022 03 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35456415

ABSTRACT

Genes related to DNA damage repair in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are critical for survival and genomic diversification. The aim of this study is to compare the presence of SNPs in genes related to DNA damage repair in sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis genomes isolated from patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We collected 399 M. tuberculosis L4 genomes from several public repositories; 224 genomes belonging to hosts without T2DM, of which 123 (54.9%) had drug sensitive tuberculosis (TB) and 101 (45.1%) had drug resistance (DR)-TB; and 175 genomes from individuals with T2DM, of which 100 (57.1%) had drug sensitive TB and 75 (42.9%) had DR-TB. The presence of SNPs in the coding regions of 65 genes related to DNA damage repair was analyzed and compared with the resistance profile and the presence/absence of T2DM in the host. The results show the phylogenetic relationships of some SNPS and L4 sub-lineages, as well as differences in the distribution of SNPs present in DNA damage repair-related genes related to the resistance profile of the infecting strain and the presence of T2DM in the host. Given these differences, it was possible to generate two discriminant functions to distinguish between drug sensitive and drug resistant genomes, as well as patients with or without T2DM.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Tuberculosis , DNA Damage/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Drug Resistance , Humans , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/genetics , Tuberculosis/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology
4.
Cancer Prev Res (Phila) ; 11(9): 581-592, 2018 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29991579

ABSTRACT

In 2012, Colombia launched human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for girls ages 9 to 12, and in 2013, the target age was expanded to 9 to 17 years. Monitoring the changes of HPV infection prevalence among young women has been proposed as an endpoint for early assessment of HPV vaccination programs. However, the data on HPV prevalence in young ages are very limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and the distribution of genotypes in a group of nonvaccinated women ages 18 to 25 years old in three Colombian cities as baseline for the monitoring of the HPV national vaccination program. A total of 1,782 sexually active women were included. Cervical smear samples were collected to perform the Pap smear and HPV DNA detection using a Linear Array HPV assay. Of the 1,782 specimens analyzed, 60.3% were positive for any HPV type; 42.2% were positive for high-risk HPV (HR-HVP) types, and 44.4% for low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) types. Multiple and single infections were identified in 37.1% and 23.2% of samples, respectively. HR-HPV types -16, -52, and -51 were the most predominant with proportions of 11.3%, 7.92%, and 7.9%, correspondingly. The prevalence for HR-HPV 16/18 was 14.4%. HR-HPV prevalence in women with abnormal cytology (75.16%) was higher than in women with normal cytology (38.6%). In conclusion, a high prevalence of HR-HPV was observed among younger women. This HPV type-specific prevalence baseline may be used to monitor postvaccination longitudinal changes and to determine its impact on HPV-related disease incidence in Colombia population. Cancer Prev Res; 11(9); 581-92. ©2018 AACR.


Subject(s)
Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Adult , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Cervix Uteri/virology , Colombia/epidemiology , DNA, Viral/genetics , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Female , Genotyping Techniques , Humans , Papanicolaou Test , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prevalence , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaccination , Vaginal Smears , Young Adult
5.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 18(4): 166-178, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-731751

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar los niveles de pepsinógeno y evaluar la capacidad de discriminación del PGI y la relación PGI/PGII para el diagnóstico serológico de atrofia gástrica en diferentes poblaciones colombianas. Materiales y métodos: Participaron 600 sujetos sin sintomatología gástrica y se analizaron 544 muestras de pacientes con sintomatología gástrica provenientes de diferentes poblaciones con riesgos opuestos para cáncer gástrico. A todos los participantes se les tomó muestra de sangre. En los pacientes se obtuvieron biopsias de antro y cuerpo para su diagnóstico inicial de lesiones gastroduodenales. Los niveles de pepsinógeno y la serología de Helicobacter pylori se estimaron con pruebas de ELISA. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney, curva ROC y valores diagnósticos. Resultados: Los niveles de pepsinógeno en pacientes y sujetos asintomáticos difieren según la zona de riesgo de procedencia. Los niveles de PGI, PGII y PGI/PGII disminuyeron a medida que aumenta la severidad del diagnóstico histológico (p < 0,005), al igual que con el grado de severidad de la atrofia y la localización multifocal (p≤0,001). El PGI ≤86,68 y PGI/PGII ≤3,19 con un área bajo la curva de 0,76 identificó pacientes con atrofia severa multifocal, serología positiva para H. pylori y procedentes de la zona de riesgo alto, con sensibilidad de 77,5% y especificidad de 71,74%. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que los niveles de PGI, PGI/PGII conjuntamente con serología H. pylori positiva podrían ser considerados para la detección de atrofia severa en pacientes de la zona de riesgo alto. Se necesita otros estudios en poblaciones de riesgo alto.


Objective: To characterize levels of pepsinogen and evaluate the discrimination ability of pepsinogen I (PGI) and the PGI/ pepsinogen II (PGII) ratio for the serological diagnosis of gastric atrophy in different Colombian populations. Methods: A total 600 subjects without gastric symptoms participated and 544 samples from patients with gastric symptomatology were analyzed from different populations with opposing risks to gastric cancer. A blood sample was taken from all participants; a gastric antrum and body biopsy for the initial diagnosis of gastroduodenal lesions was obtained from the patients. The levels of pepsinogen and Helicobacter pylori serology were estimated with ELISA. Statistical analyses included Kruskal -Wallis and Mann -Whitney test, ROC curve and diagnostic values. Results: The levels of PGI and PGI / PGII differ by risk area of origin. Levels of PGI, PGII and PGI / PGII decreased with increasing severity of histological diagnosis (P < .005), as with the severity of atrophy and multifocal localization (P ≤.001). The PGI ≤ 86.68 and PGI / PGII ≤ 3.19 with an area under the curve of 0.76 identified patients with severe multifocal atrophy, positive serology for H. pylori, and from the high risk area, with a sensitivity of 77.5% and specificity of 71.74%. Conclusion: The results suggest that PGI levels together with PGI / PGII ratios and positive serology for H. pylori could be considered for the detection of severe atrophy in high-risk areas. Further studies are needed in high-risk populations © 2014 Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stomach Neoplasms , Serologic Tests , Helicobacter pylori , Pepsinogen A , Pepsinogen C , Atrophy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnosis
6.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 18(1): 8-17, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726883

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de los polimorfismos de alguna de las citocinas más estudiadas en relación con el cáncer gástrico (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-α-308, IL-10-819 e IL-10- 1082) y la presencia de anticuerpos hacia la proteína cagA de Helicobacter pylori con las lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas en pacientes colombianos. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 185 pacientes con lesiones preneoplásicas (gastritis atrófca, metaplasia intestinal y displasia), y 154 controles (gastritis no atrófica), provenientes de hospitales de una zona de riesgo alto y otra de riesgo bajo para cáncer gástrico. Se obtuvieron biopsias gástricas y muestras de sangre; la genotipificación de los polimorfismos se hizo por discriminación alélica usando PCR en tiempo real y por PCR convencional y electroforesis en agarosa (VNTR del intron 2 de IL-1RN); la serología de Helicobacter pylori y Helicobacter pylori cagA se determinó por ELISA. Se utilizó regresión logística multinomial en el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El genotipo IL-1B-511TT (odds ratio = 4,05; intervalo de confianza 95% 1,35-12,10) se asoció a metaplasia intestinal; no se observaron otras asociaciones entre los diferentes polimorfismos y las lesiones preneoplásicas. La infección por Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo se asoció a gastritis atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia (OR = 2,66; 13,70; 40,29, respectivamente). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que entre los genotipos proinflamatorios el genotipo IL-1B-511TT estaría asociado a la metaplasia intestinal, y la serología de Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo sería un biomarcador útil para intervenir y prevenir la presencia de lesiones preneoplásicas. Se necesitan otros estudios con población colombiana que evalúen la asociación hallada de IL1B-511 con la metaplasia intestinal.


Objective: To evaluate the relationship of some of the most studied cytokines (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-a-308, IL-10-819, and IL-10-1082) with gastric cancer, as well as the presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori cagA IgG antibodies with pre-cancerous lesions in Colombian patients. Materials and methods: A study was conducted on 185 patients with pre-cancerous lesions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), and 154 controls (non-atrophic gastritis), seen in hospitals in a high risk area, and another in a low risk area, for gastric cancer. Gastric biopsy specimens and blood samples were obtained. The genotyping of the polymorphisms was performed by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR, conventional PCR, and agarose electrophoresis (VNTR of IL-1RN intron 2). The serology of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori cagA was determined by ELISA. A multinomial logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis. Results: The IL-1B-511TT genotype was associated with intestinal metaplasia (OR=4.05; 95% CI; 1.35-12.10). No other relationships were observed between the different polymorphisms and preimg/revistas/rcc/cancerous lesions. Infection due to a positive Helicobacter pylori cagA was associated with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia (OR=2.66; 13.70; 40.29, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggest that, among the pro-inflammatory genotypes, the IL-1B-511TT would be associated with intestinal metaplasia, and that a positive Helicobacter pylori cagA serology could be a useful biomarker for the intervention and prevention of pre-cancerous lesions. Further studies are required in the Colombian population in order to evaluate the relationship found between IL1B-511 and intestinal metaplasia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Precancerous Conditions , Stomach Neoplasms , Helicobacter pylori , Interleukin-10 , Blood , Immunoglobulin G , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
7.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 21(1): 1-5, 2014.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-131889

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la inestabilidad es una patología frecuente del hombro, cuyo tratamiento se puede realizar por vía artroscópica o mediante cirugía abierta. Las series iniciales de reconstrucción artroscópica reportaron una mayor tasa de recidiva. Sin embargo, en la actualidad los resultados de ambas técnicas son similares. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados funcionales e índice de recurrencia de la reconstrucción artroscópica de la inestabilidad antero-inferior de hombro a 2 años de seguimiento. Material y métodos: se analizaron 65 hombros (64 pacientes) con diagnóstico de inestabilidad traumática anterior de hombro. El promedio de edad fue de 27 años (18-45). El seguimiento promedio fue de 23,2 meses (12-50). Tomamos como recidiva aquellos pacientes que habían sufrido luxación de hombro, y también a los pacientes que en la evaluación final de control presentaban test de aprehensión y recolocación positivos. Se evalúo rango de movilidad pre operatorio y al final del seguimiento. Los pacientes fueron evaluados funcionalmente con el Constant score, ASES score y Simple Shoulder Test. Se utilizó el score de Rowe para la evaluación al final del seguimiento. Resultados: Tuvimos 1 caso (1,5 por ciento) que presento luxación de hombro. Pero si considerando recidiva los pacientes que presentaron test de aprehensión y recolocación positivo tuvimos 5 casos más; lo que representa un total del 7,7 por ciento de recidiva pero sin luxación. Se observó una mejoría significativa de los scores funcionales. Conclusión: La reconstrucción artroscópica permite restaurar la estabilidad articular, obteniendo resultados funcionales aceptables, con alto índice de satisfacción de los pacientes y una tasa de recidiva aceptable menor al 10 por ciento en el seguimiento a los 2 años de operado. Tipo de estudio: Serie de Casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV (AU)


Introduction: Shoulder Instability is a frequent pathology and its treatment can be done by arthroscopic or open surgery. Initial series of arthroscopic reconstruction reports high failure rates. However both technique have similar results. Purpose: To evaluate outcomes and recurrence of the arthroscopic reconstruction of the shoulder instability at 2 year follow up. Method: We evaluate 65 shoulder (64 patients) with traumatic anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation. Mean age was 27 years (18-45). Mean follow-up was 23,2 months (12-50). We defined has recurrence patients with shoulder dislocation o patients with positive apprehension or relocation test at the last control test. We evaluate range of motion prior surgery and at the end of follow up. Patients were evaluated functionally with Constant Score, ASES and Simple Shoulder Test. We use the Rowe score to evaluate the last follow up. Results: Recurrence rate was 1,5% (1 cases) with shoulder dislocation and 7,7% (5 cases) with positive apprehension or relocation test. A significant improvement of functional outcomes scores was observed. Conclusion: Arthroscopic reconstruction restores joint stability, with very good clinical outcomes and high rate of patient satisfaction with a recurrence rate below 10% at 2 years follow-up. Study Design: Cases Series. Level of Evidence: IV (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Shoulder Dislocation/surgery , Joint Instability/surgery , Shoulder Joint , Arthroscopy/methods , Recurrence , Range of Motion, Articular , Treatment Outcome , Follow-Up Studies
8.
Artrosc. (B. Aires) ; 21(1): 1-5, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715036

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la inestabilidad es una patología frecuente del hombro, cuyo tratamiento se puede realizar por vía artroscópica o mediante cirugía abierta. Las series iniciales de reconstrucción artroscópica reportaron una mayor tasa de recidiva. Sin embargo, en la actualidad los resultados de ambas técnicas son similares. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados funcionales e índice de recurrencia de la reconstrucción artroscópica de la inestabilidad antero-inferior de hombro a 2 años de seguimiento. Material y métodos: se analizaron 65 hombros (64 pacientes) con diagnóstico de inestabilidad traumática anterior de hombro. El promedio de edad fue de 27 años (18-45). El seguimiento promedio fue de 23,2 meses (12-50). Tomamos como recidiva aquellos pacientes que habían sufrido luxación de hombro, y también a los pacientes que en la evaluación final de control presentaban test de aprehensión y recolocación positivos. Se evalúo rango de movilidad pre operatorio y al final del seguimiento. Los pacientes fueron evaluados funcionalmente con el Constant score, ASES score y Simple Shoulder Test. Se utilizó el score de Rowe para la evaluación al final del seguimiento. Resultados: Tuvimos 1 caso (1,5 por ciento) que presento luxación de hombro. Pero si considerando recidiva los pacientes que presentaron test de aprehensión y recolocación positivo tuvimos 5 casos más; lo que representa un total del 7,7 por ciento de recidiva pero sin luxación. Se observó una mejoría significativa de los scores funcionales. Conclusión: La reconstrucción artroscópica permite restaurar la estabilidad articular, obteniendo resultados funcionales aceptables, con alto índice de satisfacción de los pacientes y una tasa de recidiva aceptable menor al 10 por ciento en el seguimiento a los 2 años de operado. Tipo de estudio: Serie de Casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV


Introduction: Shoulder Instability is a frequent pathology and its treatment can be done by arthroscopic or open surgery. Initial series of arthroscopic reconstruction reports high failure rates. However both technique have similar results. Purpose: To evaluate outcomes and recurrence of the arthroscopic reconstruction of the shoulder instability at 2 year follow up. Method: We evaluate 65 shoulder (64 patients) with traumatic anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation. Mean age was 27 years (18-45). Mean follow-up was 23,2 months (12-50). We defined has recurrence patients with shoulder dislocation o patients with positive apprehension or relocation test at the last control test. We evaluate range of motion prior surgery and at the end of follow up. Patients were evaluated functionally with Constant Score, ASES and Simple Shoulder Test. We use the Rowe score to evaluate the last follow up. Results: Recurrence rate was 1,5% (1 cases) with shoulder dislocation and 7,7% (5 cases) with positive apprehension or relocation test. A significant improvement of functional outcomes scores was observed. Conclusion: Arthroscopic reconstruction restores joint stability, with very good clinical outcomes and high rate of patient satisfaction with a recurrence rate below 10% at 2 years follow-up. Study Design: Cases Series. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Shoulder Joint , Arthroscopy/methods , Joint Instability/surgery , Shoulder Dislocation/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Range of Motion, Articular , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
9.
Rev. esp. patol ; 46(3): 139-142, jul.-sept. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-115071

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar los cambios histopatológicos en la mucosa gástrica de portadores de Helicobacter pylori, genotipos cagA y vacA, en 2 zonas de riesgo opuesto para cáncer gástrico en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 297 pacientes con gastritis asociadas a infección por Helicobacter pylori; 109 de la zona de riesgo alto y 107 de la zona de riesgo bajo para cáncer gástrico con toma de biopsias en antro y cuerpo gástrico; la clasificación y calificación de las gastritis se hizo según el sistema de estadificación OLGA y el sistema actualizado de Sydney. La genotipificación de Helicobacter pylori se realizó mediante PCR, a partir de extracción de ADN de biopsias. El análisis estadístico incluyó la prueba Mann-Whitney, X2, regresión lineal múltiple y regresión logística multivariada. Resultados. La severidad de las alteraciones histopatológicas en los pacientes infectados con los genotipos cagA y vacAs1/m1 fue mayor en la zona de riesgo alto (p <= 0,05). El grado de inflamación crónica, atrofia y metaplasia es mayor en los pacientes de la zona de riesgo alto. El gen vacA se asoció a una severidad mayor de atrofia y metaplasia. En gen cagA positivo aumenta el riesgo de metaplasia intestinal en la zona de riesgo alto (OR = 9,13; IC 95% 1,75-47,75). Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que los cambios histopatológicos resultantes de la infección gástrica por los genotipos cagA+ y vacAs1/m1 de Helicobacter pylori muestran un grado de severidad significativamente mayor de los parámetros histopatológicos en zonas de riesgo alto en comparación con las de riesgo bajo de cáncer gástrico(AU)


Objetive. To analyze histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa of carriers of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA in 2 areas of Columbia at risk for gastric cancer. Materials y methods. 297 patients with gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection were studied; 109 from a high risk area for gastric cancer and 107 from a low risk area. Biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach; the OLGA staging for gastritis and the updated Sydney system for classification of gastritis were used for their classification and grading. The Helicobacter pylori genotyping was carried out with PCR on the DNA obtained from the biopsies. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test, X2, multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression. Results. The histopathological changes were more severe in patients infected with cagA and vacA1/m1 in the high risk area (P <= 0.05). There was a higher degree of chronic inflammation, atrophy and metaplasia in the patients in the high risk area. The gene vacA was associated with more severe atrophy and metaplasia. There was an increased risk of intestinal metaplasia in patients positive for the gene cagA in the high risk area (OR = 9.13; CI95% 1.75-47.75). Conclusions. The results suggest that the histopathological changes resulting from gastric infection with the cagA+ and vacAs1/m1 genes of Helicobacter pyloriare significantly more severe in areas of high risk for gastric cancer than in areas of low risk(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gastritis/genetics , Gastritis/pathology , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Gastric Mucosa/anatomy & histology , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Colombia/epidemiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Linear Models , Logistic Models
10.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 16(3): 170-181, sept. 2012. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-669002

ABSTRACT

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la cuarta causa de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia y en el mundo, en ambos sexos; por esta razón, es considerado un problema de salud pública. El CCR es altamente heterogéneo en su fenotipo y genotipo, lo que está en relación con las diferentes vías de carcinogénesis descritas que implican diferentes mecanismos de progresión y agresividad de la enfermedad. Las vías clásicas, supresora y mutadora, se caracterizan por una serie de alteraciones genéticas relacionadas con los cambios fenotípicos de la progresión morfológica en la secuencia adenoma-carcinoma. Las vías alternas, originadas por mutaciones en los genes, BRAF y KRAS, se relacionan con la progresión de pólipo aserrado a carcinoma. Conocer estas vías es muy importante para comprender la enfermedad de manera integral y profundizar en el estudio de sus mecanismos de control, que incluyen: diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento y seguimiento.


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked fourth among causes of cancer mortality in Colombia and in the world, for both genders; it is therefore regarded as a public health issue. CRC´s phenotype and genotype are highly heterogeneous, a fact related to the various carcinogenic pathways described, and which is also implicated in the different progression mechanisms and the aggressiveness of the disease. The classic pathways, suppressive and mutable, are characterized by a series of genetic alterations related to phenotype changes in the morphologic progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The alternate pathways, originated by BRAF and KRAS gene mutations, are linked to the serrated polyp progression to carcinoma. Knowledge of these pathwaysis very important in achieving a fuller understanding of the disease and for broadening the study of mechanisms for its control; these include: early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colorectal Neoplasms , Colonic Polyps/genetics , Cell Biology , Colombia , Pathology, Molecular
11.
Biomedica ; 30(1): 116-25, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20890556

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, cancer ranks third as a cause of death in the adult population. Thirty-five percent of cancer deaths are attributable to dietary factors and that 90% of colorectal cancers can be prevented by appropriate diets. OBJECTIVE: A dietary questionnaire was developed to study the relationship between diet and cancer for five cities in Colombia (Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Bogotá and Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area), based on 24-hour dietary survey data accumulated by the National Survey of Nutritional Status-2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Each questionnaire had 3 sections and involved six stages in its development. A checklist representing thirteen nutrients was formulated by means of the method of the variance maximization (Max_r); it was supplemented with nine categories of consumption frequency. The two complementary sections inquired about the consumption of food, number of meals per day, and methods of preparation, related with cancer development. RESULTS: Between 22 and 32 foods were discriminated for each questionnaire. Only nine foods were common in the checklists of each of the five cities. Nine of the thirteen nutrients are represented with correlations higher than 0.80, with a minimum 0.47 and a maximum of 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in Colombia specific questionnaires were developed to study the diet-cancer relationship. The checklist was comprehensive and it incorporated between-person variability, as well as the habits and food culture of each city. We propose nine analysis alternatives for the questionnaire. The questionnaires will prove useful in epidemiological research, although they require calibration with studies of reproducibility and validity.


Subject(s)
Diet , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Colombia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Urban Health
12.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 30(1): 116-125, mar. 2009. mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-560918

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En Colombia, el cáncer es la tercera causa de muerte en población adulta. A la dieta se le atribuye el 35% de las muertes por cáncer y la prevención del 90% del cáncer de colon y recto. Objetivo. Desarrollar cinco cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo para estudiar la relación entre dieta y cáncer, en cinco ciudades colombianas (Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Bogotá y Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana), a partir de recordatorios de 24 horas recolectados en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional, 2005. Materiales y métodos. Cada cuestionario involucró seis etapas en su desarrollo y tiene tres secciones. La lista de chequeo se obtuvo para representar trece nutrientes mediante el método de la maximización de la varianza (Max r ®) y fue complementada con nueve categorías de frecuencia de consumo en el último año. Las dos secciones complementarias indagan sobre el consumo de alimentos, el número de comidas al día y las formas de preparación, relacionadas con el desarrollo de cáncer. Resultados. Entre 22 y 32 alimentos fueron discriminados e incluidos en los cuestionarios. Sólo nueve alimentos fueron comunes en las listas de chequeo. Nueve de los 13 nutrientes están representados con R2 superiores a 0,80, mínimo 0,47 y máximo 1,0. Conclusiones. Por primera vez en Colombia se desarrollaron cuestionarios específicos para estudiar la relación dieta-cáncer. Las listas de chequeo son exhaustivas, incorporaron la variabilidad entre personas, los hábitos y la cultura alimentaria. Se proponen nueve alternativas de análisis para los cuestionarios. Los cuestionarios son útiles en la investigación epidemiológica, y los resultados pueden calibrarse con estudios de reproducibilidad y validez.


Introduction. In Colombia, cancer ranks third as a cause of death in the adult population. Thirty-five percent of cancer deaths are attributable to dietary factors and that 90% of colorectal cancers can be prevented by appropriate diets. Objective. A dietary questionnaire was developed to study the relationship between diet and cancer for five cities in Colombia (Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Bogotá and Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area), based on 24-hour dietary survey data accumulated by the National Survey of Nutritional Status-2005. Material and methods. Each questionnaire had 3 sections and involved six stages in its development. A checklist representing thirteen nutrients was formulated by means of the method of the variance maximization (Max_r ®); it was supplemented with nine categories of consumption frequency. The two complementary sections inquired about the consumption of food, number of meals per day, and methods of preparation, related with cancer development. Results. Between 22 and 32 foods were discriminated for each questionnaire. Only nine foods were common in the checklists of each of the five cities. Nine of the thirteen nutrients are represented with correlations higher than 0.80, with a minimum 0.47 and a maximum of 1.0. Conclusions. For the first time in Colombia specific questionnaires were developed to study the diet-cancer relationship. The checklist was comprehensive and it incorporated between-person variability, as well as the habits and food culture of each city. We propose nine analysis alternatives for the questionnaire. The questionnaires will prove useful in epidemiological research, although they require calibration with studies of reproducibility and validity.


Subject(s)
Diet , Neoplasms , Nutritional Epidemiology , Nutritional Transition , Calcium, Dietary , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 12(2): 74-88, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-496944

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Este estudio busca determinar la asociación entre dieta y carcinogénesis gástrica. Métodos: Estudio hospitalario de casoscontroles, 363 participantes del altiplano cundiboyacense; 222 casos con lesiones preneoplásicas y 38 con cáncer gástrico. Se aplicó unaencuesta de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. El análisis se realizó con regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: Consumir carnes procesadas se asoció positivamente con gastritis crónica atrófica multifocal (OR 3,61; IC 95por ciento: 1,46-8,92) y cáncer gástrico (OR 3,10; IC 95por ciento:0,97-9,8), a diferencia de las leguminosas que tuvieron relación inversa (cáncer gástrico OR 0,25; IC 95por ciento: 0,08-0,81). La dieta de ôpan y huevoõ se asoció positivamente con gastritis crónica atrófica (OR 2,69; IC 95porciento: 1,2-6,08) y metaplasma interstinal (OR 4,15; IC 95porciento: 1,79-9,66). Conclusión: Alta ingesta de carnes procesadas y baja de leguminosas están asociadas a la carcinogénesis gástrica en la población estudiada. Algunas dietas muestran asociaciones aisladas con las lesiones preneoplásicas.


Subject(s)
Diet , Food , Stomach Neoplasms , Colombia
14.
Bol Asoc Med P R ; 96(2): 100-2, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15580913

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pterygium recurrence is a common problem encountered by ophthalmic surgeons. Several methods have been suggested to avoid these recurrences. We studied the recurrence rate of pterygium after administration of a single intraoperative dosage of topical mitomycin C 0.05%. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of fifty eyes in forty-nine patients who underwent pterygium excision by the same surgeon using intraoperative topical mitomycin C during the years 2002--2003. Mitomycin concentration was 0.05% applied to pterygium and adjacent areas after undermining and separation from sclera but prior to excision for three minutes. Postoperative follow up time was 12 months. RESULTS: The pterygium recurred in 4 (8%) eyes. Another four eyes (8%) had a cosmetically acceptable recurrence of < 2.0 mm. The only complication was a corneal dellen in one eye. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative administration of mitomycin C at 0.05% is safe and effective in preventing pterygium recurrences.


Subject(s)
Alkylating Agents/therapeutic use , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Pterygium/drug therapy , Administration, Topical , Adult , Aged , Alkylating Agents/administration & dosage , Combined Modality Therapy , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Instillation, Drug , Intraoperative Care , Male , Middle Aged , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Ointments , Pterygium/surgery , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Tobramycin/administration & dosage , Tobramycin/therapeutic use
15.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 15(3): 167-170, jul.-sept. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-424211

ABSTRACT

La perspectiva de la resistencia de los microorganismos a los antimicrobianos es muy desesperanzadora. Muy pocas estrategias para controlar el problema están realmente funcionando hoy en día. En nuestra práctica estamos observando con unas proporciones alarmantes, la emergencia de cepas de bacterias cada vez más antibiótico-multirresistentes. Nuestra propia contribución a empeorar el problema es inconmensurable; el mal uso que le damos a los antibióticos es una, si no la principal, de las causas para que esa emergencia se dé. Sin embargo, para cada aparición de resistencias tenemos nuevos antibióticos cuyo uso indiscriminado contribuye a alimentar ese círculo vicioso interminable...


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Equipment Reuse
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