SnRK1/TOR/T6P: three musketeers guarding energy for root growth.

Sugars derived from photosynthesis, specifically sucrose, are the primary source of plant energy. Sucrose is produced in leaves and transported to the roots through the phloem, serving as a vital energy source. Environmental conditions can result in higher or lower photosynthesis, promoting anabolism or catabolism, respectively, thereby influencing the sucrose budget available for roots. Plants can adjust their root system to optimize the search for soil resources and to ensure the plant's adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Recently, emerging research indicates that SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (SnRK1), trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) collectively serve as fundamental regulators of root development, together forming a signaling module to interpret the nutritional status of the plant and translate this to growth adjustments in the below ground parts.

Biodesulfurization of landfill biogas by a pilot-scale bioscrubber: Operational limits and microbial analysis.

Biogas serves as a crucial renewable energy vector to ensure a more sustainable energy future. However, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) limits its application in various sectors, emphasizing the importance of effective H2S removal techniques for maximizing its potential. In the present study, the limits of a pilot-scale bioscrubber for biogas desulfurization was study in a real scenario. An increase in the superficial liquid velocity resulted in significant improvements in the H2S removal efficiency, increasing from 76 ± 8% (elimination capacity of 6.2 ± 0.5 gS-H2S m-3 h-1) to 97.7 ± 0.5% (elimination capacity of 8 ± 1 gS-H2S m-3 h-1) as the superficial liquid velocity increased from 50 ± 3 m h-1 to 200 ± 8 m h-1. A USL of 161.4 ± 0.5 m h-1 was able to achieve outlet H2S concentrations as low as 3 ± 1 ppmv (H2S removal efficiency of 97 ± 1%) for 7 days. High superficial liquid velocity favoured the aerobic H2S oxidation reducing the nitrate demand. The maximum EC reached throughout the operation was 50.8 ± 0.6 gS-H2S m-3 h-1 (H2S removal efficiency of 96 ± 1%) and a sulfur production of 60%. Studies in batch flocculation experiments showed sulfur removal rates up to 97.6 ± 0.9% with a cationic flocculant dose of 75 mg L-1. Microbial analysis revealed that the predominant genus with sulfo-oxidant capacity during periods of low H2S inlet load was Thioalkalispira-sulfurivermis (61-69%), while in periods of higher H2S inlet load, family Arcobacteraceae was the most prevalent (11%).

Characterization of mating type on aroma production and metabolic properties wild Kluyveromyces marxianus yeasts.

Kluyveromyces marxianus yeasts represent a valuable industry alternative due to their biotechnological potential to produce aromatic compounds. 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate are significant aromatic compounds widely used in food and cosmetics due to their pleasant odor. Natural obtention of these compounds increases their value, and because of this, bioprocesses such as de novo synthesis has become of great significance. However, the relationship between aromatic compound production and yeast's genetic diversity has yet to be studied. In the present study, the analysis of the genetic diversity in K. marxianus isolated from the natural fermentation of Agave duranguensis for Mezcal elaboration is presented. The results of strains in a haploid and diploid state added to the direct relationship between the mating type locus MAT with metabolic characteristics are studied. Growth rate, assimilate carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, and chicory inulin), and the production of aromatic compounds such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl butyrate and phenylethyl propionate and the diversity in terms of the output of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate by de novo synthesis were determinate, obtaining maximum concentrations of 51.30 and 60.39 mg/L by ITD0049 and ITD 0136 yeasts respectively.

Effectiveness of a telerehabilitation intervention using ReCOVery APP of long COVID patients: a randomized, 3-month follow-up clinical trial.

The main objective of this study is to analyze the clinical efficacy of telerehabilitation in the recovery of Long COVID patients through ReCOVery APP for 3 months, administered in the Primary Health Care context. The second objective is to identify significant models associated with an improvement in the study variables. An open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted using two parallel groups of a total of 100 Long COVID patients. The first group follows the treatment as usual methods established by their general practitioner (control group) and the second follows the same methods and also uses ReCOVery APP (intervention group). After the intervention, no significant differences were found in favour of the group intervention. Regarding adherence, 25% of the participants made significant use of the APP. Linear regression model establishes that the time of use of ReCOVery APP predicts an improvement in physical function (b = 0.001; p = 0.005) and community social support (b = 0.004; p = 0.021). In addition, an increase in self-efficacy and health literacy also contribute to improving cognitive function (b = 0.346; p = 0.001) and reducing the number of symptoms (b = 0.226; p = 0.002), respectively. In conclusion, the significant use of ReCOVery APP can contribute to the recovery of Long COVID patients. Trial Registration No.: ISRCTN91104012.

Carriage of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: duration and risk factors.

Identification of risk factors influencing the duration of carriage of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) may be useful for infection control. The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of several factors collected for routine hospital surveillance on the duration of carriage of selected MDR-GNB. From January 2015 to July 2021, patients with at least two clinical/surveillance samples positive for MDR-GNB different from ESBL-producing E. coli or AmpC - exclusively producing Enterobacterales were assessed. Microorganisms, age, number of admissions, clinical or rectal sample, sex, and admission service were evaluated as risk factors. Multivariate analysis was performed by a Cox proportional hazard model. A total of 1981 episodes of colonization were included. Involved microorganisms were ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in 1057 cases (53.4%), other ESBL-non-E. coli Enterobacterales in 91 (4.6%), OXA-48-KP in 263 (13.3%), KPC-KP in 90 (4.5%), VIM-KP in 29 (1.5%), carbapenemase-producing non-KP Enterobacterales (CP-non-KP) in 124 (6.3%), and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PAER) in 327 (16.5%). No differences in duration of colonization were observed among ESBL-KP (median colonization time 320 days), ESBL-non-E. coli Enterobacterales (226 days), OXA48-KP (305 days), and MDR-PAER (321 days). For each group, duration of colonization was significantly longer than that of KPC-KP (median colonization time 60 days), VIM-KP (138 days), and CP-non-KP (71 days). Male sex (HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-0.99), detection in Hepatology-Gastroenterology (HR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.54-0.93), clinical sample (HR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.53-0.69), and > 2 admissions after first detection (HR = 0.47; 95% CI 0.42-0.52) were independent predictors of longer carriage, whereas VIM-KP (HR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.04-2.48), KPC-KP (HR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.49-2.3), and CP-non-KP (HR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.49-2.47) were associated with shorter colonization time. Duration of colonization was significantly longer for ESBL-KP, other ESBL-non-E. coli Enterobacterales, OXA-48-KP, and MDR-PAER. For these microorganisms, prolonging surveillance up to 2.5-3 years should be considered. Male sex, clinical sample, multiple readmissions, admission service, and type of microorganism are independent predictors of the duration of carriage.

The emotional well-being of Long COVID patients in relation to their symptoms, social support and stigmatization in social and health services: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Long COVID patients have experienced a decline in their quality of life due to, in part but not wholly, its negative emotional impact. Some of the most prevalent mental health symptoms presented by long COVID patients are anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. As such, the need has arisen to analyze the personal experiences of these patients to understand how they are managing their daily lives while dealing with the condition. The objective of this study is to increase understanding about the emotional well-being of people diagnosed with long COVID. METHODS: A qualitative design was created and carried out using 35 patients, with 17 participants being interviewed individually and 18 of them taking part in two focus groups. The participating patients were recruited in November and December 2021 from Primary Health Care (PHC) centers in the city of Zaragoza (Northern Spain) and from the Association of Long COVID Patients in Aragon. The study topics were emotional well-being, social support networks, and experience of discrimination. All an inductive thematic content analyses were performed iteratively using NVivo software. RESULTS: The Long COVID patients identified low levels of self-perceived well-being due to their persistent symptoms, as well as limitations in their daily lives that had been persistent for many months. Suicidal thoughts were also mentioned by several patients. They referred to anguish and anxiety about the future as well as a fear of reinfection or relapse and returning to work. Many of the participants reported that they have sought the help of a mental health professional. Most participants identified discriminatory situations in health care. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to continue researching the impact that Long COVID has had on mental health, as well as to provide Primary Health Care professionals with evidence that can guide the emotional treatment of these patients.

Análisis de la efectividad y seguridad de las unidades de estancia corta en la hospitalización de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. Propensity Score UCE-EAHFE / Analysis of the effectiveness and safety of short-stay units in the hospitalization of patients with acute heart failure. Propensity Score SSU-EAHFE

Objetivos Analizar si la hospitalización en unidades de corta estancia (UCE) de pacientes diagnosticados en urgencias de insuficiencia cardíaca aguda (ICA) resulta efectiva en términos de estancia hospitalaria y si se asocia con diferencias en la evolución a corto plazo. Método Se incluyeron los pacientes del registro EAHFE diagnosticados de ICA que ingresaron en UCE (grupo UCE) y se compararon con los hospitalizados en otros servicios (grupo No-UCE) procedentes de todos los hospitales (comparación A) y, separadamente, de hospitales con UCE (comparación B) y sin UCE (comparación C). Para cada comparación, se emparejaron pacientes de los grupos UCE/No-UCE por puntuación de propensión, y se comparó la estancia hospitalaria (eficacia) y mortalidad a 30 días y evento adverso posalta a 30 días (seguridad). Resultados Se identificaron 2.003 pacientes UCE y 12.193 No-UCE. Se emparejaron 674 pares de pacientes para la comparación A, 634 para la comparación B y 588 para la comparación C. La estancia hospitalaria fue significativamente inferior en el grupo UCE en todas las comparaciones (A: mediana 4 días [RIC = 2–5] versus 8 [5–12] días, p < 0,001; B: 4 [2–5] versus 8 [5–12], p < 0,001; C: 4 [2–5] versus 8 [6–12], p < 0,001). El ingreso en UCE no se asoció a diferencias en mortalidad (A: HR = 1,027, IC95% = 0,681−1,549; B: 0,976, 0,647−1,472; C: 0,818, 0,662−1,010) ni en eventos adversos posalta (A: 1,002, 0,816−1,232; B: 0,983, 0,796−1,215; C: 1,135, 0,905−1,424). Conclusión La hospitalización de los pacientes con ICA en UCE se asocia con estancias más cortas sin diferencias en la evolución a corto plazo (AU)

Objectives This work aims to analyze if hospitalization in short-stay units (SSU) of patients diagnosed in the emergency department with acute heart failure (AHF) is effective in terms of the length of hospital stay and if it is associated with differences in short-term progress. Method Patients from the EAHFE registry diagnosed with AHF who were admitted to the SSU (SSU group) were included and compared to those hospitalized in other departments (non-SSU group) from all hospitals (comparison A) and, separately, those from hospitals with an SSU (comparison B) and without an SSU (comparison C). For each comparison, patients in the SSU/non-SSU groups were matched by propensity score. The length of hospital stay (efficacy), 30-day mortality, and post-discharge adverse events at 30 days (safety) were compared. Results A total of 2,003 SSU patients and 12,193 non-SSU patients were identified. Of them, 674 pairs of patients were matched for comparison A, 634 for comparison B, and 588 for comparison C. The hospital stay was significantly shorter in the SSU group in all comparisons (A: median 4 days (IQR = 2–5) versus 8 (5–12) days, p < 0.001; B: 4 (2–5) versus 8 (5–12), p < 0.001; C: 4 (2–5) versus 8 (6–12), p < 0.001). Admission to the SSU was not associated with differences in mortality (A: HR = 1.027, 95%CI = 0.681–1.549; B: 0.976, 0.647–1.472; C: 0.818, 0.662–1.010) or post-discharge adverse events (A: HR = 1.002, 95%CI = 0.816–1.232; B: 0.983, 0.796–1.215; C: 1.135, 0.905–1.424). Conclusion The hospitalization of patients with AHF in the SSU is associated with shorter hospital stays but there were no differences in short-term progress (AU)

Analysis of the effectiveness and safety of short-stay units in the hospitalization of patients with acute heart failure. Propensity Score SSU-EAHFE.

OBJECTIVES: This work aims to analyze if hospitalization in short-stay units (SSU) of patients diagnosed in the emergency department with acute heart failure (AHF) is effective in terms of the length of hospital stay and if it is associated with differences in short-term progress. METHOD: Patients from the EAHFE registry diagnosed with AHF who were admitted to the SSU (SSU group) were included and compared to those hospitalized in other departments (non-SSU group) from all hospitals (comparison A) and, separately, those from hospitals with an SSU (comparison B) and without an SSU (comparison C). For each comparison, patients in the SSU/non-SSU groups were matched by propensity score. The length of hospital stay (efficacy), 30-day mortality, and post-discharge adverse events at 30 days (safety) were compared. RESULTS: A total of 2,003 SSU patients and 12,193 non-SSU patients were identified. Of them, 674 pairs of patients were matched for comparison A, 634 for comparison B, and 588 for comparison C. The hospital stay was significantly shorter in the SSU group in all comparisons (A: median 4 days (IQR = 2-5) versus 8 (5-12) days, p < 0.001; B: 4 (2-5) versus 8 (5-12), p < 0.001; C: 4 (2-5) versus 8 (6-12), p < 0.001). Admission to the SSU was not associated with differences in mortality (A: HR = 1.027, 95%CI = 0.681-1.549; B: 0.976, 0.647-1.472; C: 0.818, 0.662-1.010) or post-discharge adverse events (A: HR = 1.002, 95%CI = 0.816-1.232; B: 0.983, 0.796-1.215; C: 1.135, 0.905-1.424). CONCLUSION: The hospitalization of patients with AHF in the SSU is associated with shorter hospital stays but there were no differences in short-term progress.

Midostaurin en combinación de quimioterápia como tratamiento de leucémia mieloblástica aguda con mutación FTL3, a propósito de un caso / Midostaurin in combination with chemotherapy as a treatment for acute myeloblastic leukemia with FTL3 mutation, a case report

La leucemia mieloblástica aguda (LMA) es una enfermedad heterogénea caracterizada por el crecimiento descontrolado de precursores mieloides indiferenciados que provoca un fallo medular. Según datos del programa de Vigilancia, Epidemiología y Resultados Finales (SEER) se estima una incidencia anual de 4,2 por cada 100.000 habitantes. El porcentaje de incidencia en menores de 20 años es 5,1% y en personas entre 65-84 años, es 46,5%. La tasa de supervivencia a 5 años varía en función de la edad de los pacientes, siendo en menores de 20 del 67% y en mayores a dicha edad disminuye al 25%. La leucemia mieloide aguda representa el 40% del total de leucemias y la mediana de edad de los pacientes es 65 años. Las alteraciones citogenéticas más frecuentes son: traslocación (8;21), inversión cromosoma 16, traslocación (16;16), trisomía del cromosoma 8, deleciones en los cromosomas 5 y 7, y mutación en el gen FLT3 (13q12), la cual está presente en el 30% de los nuevos diagnósticos. El tratamiento estándar de quimioterapia sigue basándose en el esquema intensivo 3+7 que consiste en citarabina con antraciclinas. El objetivo de las nuevas terapias en LMA es el tratamiento dirigido debido a los avances en el diagnóstico y la tipificación. (AU)

Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of undifferentiated myeloid precursors leading to bone marrow failure. According to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, the annual incidence is estimated at 4.2 per 100,000 population. The incidence rate in children under 20 years of age is 5.1% and in people between 65-84 years of age, it is 46.5%. The 5-year survival rate varies according to the age of the patients, being 67% in those under 20 years of age and 25% in those older than 20 years of age. Acute myeloid leukemia represents 40% of all leukemias and the median age of the patients is 65 years. The most frequent cytogenetic alterations are: translocation (8;21), inversion of chromosome 16, translocation (16;16), trisomy of chromosome 8 and deletions in chromosomes 5 and 7, mutation in the FLT3 gene (13q12), which is present in 30% of new diagnoses. Standard chemotherapy treatment is still based on the intensive 3+7 scheme consisting of cytarabine with anthracyclines. The focus of new therapies in AML is targeted therapy due to advances in diagnosis and typing. (AU)

Rituximab en combinación con agentes «bypass» hemostáticos para hemofilia adquirida con inhibidor, a propósito de un caso / Rituximab in combination with hemostatic «bypass» agents for hemophilia acquired with an inhibitor, in the event of a case

La hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno hemorrágico producido por anticuerpos del propio organismo que actúan frente al factor VIII. Posee una incidencia estimada 1-1,5 casos/millón/año, con predominio en sujetos de edad avanzada. Es considerada una enfermedad rara pero su impacto puede verse infraestimado por la falta de registros adecuados, la falta de conocimiento por el facultativo y su complejidad para diagnosticarla. No hay establecido un protocolo fijo en el manejo de la patología, por ello la mayoría de las recomendaciones se basan en las opiniones de expertos en el tratamiento de otras coagulopatías. (AU)

Acquired hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by the body’s own antibodies to factor VIII. It has an estimated incidence of 1-1.5 cases/million/year, with a predominance of elderly subjects. It is considered a rare disease but its impact may be underestimated due to the lack of adequate records, the lack of knowledge by the specialists and its complexity in diagnosing it. There is no fixed protocol in the management of the pathology, so the majority of recommendations are based on the opinions of experts in the treatment of other coagulopathies.

Linking language features to clinical symptoms and multimodal imaging in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in the semantic and syntactic organization of speech have been reported in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study seeks to examine whether such abnormalities are associated with changes in brain structure and functional connectivity in CHR individuals. METHODS: Automated natural language processing analysis was applied to speech samples obtained from 46 CHR and 22 healthy individuals. Brain structural and resting-state functional imaging data were also acquired from all participants. Sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) was used to ascertain patterns of covariation between linguistic features, clinical symptoms, and measures of brain morphometry and functional connectivity related to the language network. RESULTS: In CHR individuals, we found a significant mode of covariation between linguistic and clinical features (r = 0.73; p = 0.003), with negative symptoms and bizarre thinking covarying mostly with measures of syntactic complexity. In the entire sample, separate sCCAs identified a single mode of covariation linking linguistic features with brain morphometry (r = 0.65; p = 0.05) and resting-state network connectivity (r = 0.63; p = 0.01). In both models, semantic and syntactic features covaried with brain structural and functional connectivity measures of the language network. However, the contribution of diagnosis to both models was negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Syntactic complexity appeared sensitive to prodromal symptoms in CHR individuals while the patterns of brain-language covariation seemed preserved. Further studies in larger samples are required to establish the reproducibility of these findings.

Short communication: Performance, intestinal permeability, and metabolic profile of calves fed a milk replacer supplemented with glutamic acid.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of supplementing glutamic acid in milk replacers (MR) with respect to calf performance, intestinal permeability, and metabolism. Sixty Holstein male calves (3 ± 1.3 d old and 45 ± 5.9 kg body weight) were individually housed and fed a control MR without AA supplementation (24.8% crude protein and 19.1% fat, dry matter basis), or MR supplemented with 0.3% glutamic acid (25.1% crude protein and 20.3% fat, dry matter basis). Animals followed the same MR feeding program and were weaned at 56 d of the study. The amount of starter concentrate offered was restricted to limit the effect of concentrate intake on calf metabolism. Individual daily consumption and weekly body weight were measured, and 4 h after the morning feeding, blood samples were obtained at 14 and 35 d to determine general biochemical parameters and plasma AA concentrations. On d 10 of the study, we conducted an intestinal permeability test by including 21 g of lactulose and 4.2 g of d-mannitol as markers in the MR. We found no differences in calf performance or in intestinal permeability (measured as lactulose:mannitol ratio). Serum glucose concentration was greater in unsupplemented calves than in Glu-supplemented calves. At 14 d, the proportion of plasma Leu was greater in Glu-supplemented calves; the proportion of Ile tended to be greater in Glu-supplemented calves; and the proportion of Met tended to be greater in unsupplemented calves. We observed no other differences. Small changes occurred in AA metabolism when supplementing calf MR with 0.3% glutamic acid, without leading to improvements in calf performance or changes in intestinal permeability.