Validation of Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS) in Brazilian Sample Population.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS), its correlation with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the time required and need for help when completing the instrument. We also aimed to identify variables associated with difficulty completing these instruments. DESIGN: Longitudinal, prospective correlational study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The target population was Brazilian men from different cities within the state of São Paulo with lower urinary tract symptoms followed in urological consultation at a university hospital during October 2017. The sample comprised 59 patients with a mean age of 66.53 years. METHODS: Reliability of the VPSS was evaluated using a test-retest approach and its convergent validity with the IPSS. Cronbach α coefficient was also calculated. Both questionnaires were self-administered and, in case of difficulty of comprehension, assistance was provided. RESULTS: Mean completion time of the IPSS was 6.56 minutes and for VPSS was 5.02 minutes. The variables skin color and educational level were associated with the difficulty in completing the IPSS and for comprehending meaning of the VPSS pictograms. Internal consistency evaluated using Cronbach α coefficient was 0.74 for IPSS and 0.15 for VPSS, respectively. Test-retest reliability testing revealed that both instruments had a high intraclass correlation index (>0.75). There was a significant correlation between the health-related quality of life (QoL) scores of the 2 instruments (0.71, P = .0001) and between the total score of each instrument with its corresponding QoL score. CONCLUSION: Although time for response of the VPSS was shorter and it demonstrated good test-retest reliability, it more frequently required help to answer. The VPSS showed low internal consistency and low correlation with the IPSS (except for the QoL item).

Vivências de gestantes em situação de prisão / Experiences of pregnant women in prison situation

Buscou-se conhecer as vivências de gestantes em situação prisional. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e descritivo realizado em uma penitenciária feminina do Estado de São Paulo/Brasil, com 14 gestantes e uso da técnica de análise de conteúdo fundamentada nas abordagens psicoemocionais. Identificaram-se as categorias: Busca da Autoproteção, Sentimento de Culpa e Construção da Nova Identidade. A vivência em cárcere significou solidão, medo, impotência e resignação. Há restrição nas relações familiares, na convivência social, no suprimento alimentar, da privacidade e do direito ao sono/repouso, além de impedimento do exercício da maternidade. Demonstraram sentimento de culpa e dor devido a privação de vivenciar a maternidade e a amamentação, além de medo de perder a guarda de seu filho. Para conviver no cárcere, as mulheres tiveram que se adaptar à nova realidade. Conclui-se que as gestantes presidiárias buscam se auto-proteger para sobreviver as perdas e ao rompimento dos laços afetivos e sociais.

The aim was to understand the experiences of pregnant women in prison situation. We conducted a qualitative and descriptive study in a female prison in the State of São Paulo/Brazil, with 14 pregnant women and we used the content analysis technique grounded on psycho-emotional approaches. We identified the categories: Search for Self-Protection, Guilt Feeling, Building the New Identity. The experience in jail meant solitude, fear, impotence, and resignation. There are restrictions on family relationships, social conviviality, food supplement, privacy and on the right to sleep/rest, besides the impediment to exercise motherhood. Women demonstrated guilt and pain due to the privation to experience maternity and breastfeeding, besides the fear to lose their child's custody. The women had to adjust themselves to the new reality to live in prison. We conclude that pregnant inmates try self-protection to survive the losses and the affection and social disruptions.

Job satisfaction of nursing staff in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: identify the determinants of job satisfaction of the nursing staff of a public university hospital. METHOD: secondary study with mixed data approach and simple and multiple linear regression. A total of 115 subjects participated in the study, 41 nurses and 74 nursing assistants and technicians. The data collection occurred in 2013 using the QST-Caism questionnaire. RESULTS: education, hierarchical level and workplace constitute job satisfaction determinants. However, age, gender, job and work period did not show this relationship. More educated workers held low job satisfaction if exercised not graduated nursing functions. CONCLUSION: graduated workers who perform high school functions are more unsatisfied than those who have high school function and qualification.

Satisfação no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem em um hospital universitário / Satisfacción en el trabajo del personal de enfermería en un hospital universitario / Job satisfaction of nursing staff in a university hospital

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os determinantes da satisfação no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público universitário. Método: estudo secundário, com abordagem mista dos dados e análise de regressão linear simples e múltipla. Participaram da pesquisa 115 sujeitos, sendo 41 enfermeiros e 74 técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2013, mediante a aplicação do questionário QST-Caism. Resultados: escolaridade, cargo e local de trabalho constituem determinantes da satisfação. Já idade, sexo, função e período de trabalho não apresentaram essa relação. Trabalhadores mais escolarizados detinham baixa satisfação no trabalho se exercessem funções de técnico e de auxiliares de enfermagem. Conclusão: trabalhadores graduados desempenhando funções de ensino médio estão mais insatisfeitos do que aqueles com função e formação de ensino médio.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los determinantes de la satisfacción laboral del personal de enfermería de un hospital público y universitario. Método: estudio secundario, con enfoque mixto y análisis de regresión lineal simple y múltiple. Participaron 115 sujetos, incluyendo 74 enfermeras y 41 técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería. La recolección ocurrió en 2013 por el QST-Caism. Resultados: nivel de educación, cargo y lugar de trabajo son determinantes de la satisfacción. Por su parte, período de trabajo, edad, sexo y función no muestran esta relación. Trabajadores más instruidos tenían baja satisfacción cuando sus funciones eran asistentes o técnicos de enfermería. Conclusión: trabajadores graduados desempeñando funciones de escuela secundaria son más insatisfechos que trabajadores con función y calificación de escuela secundaria.

ABSTRACT Objective: identify the determinants of job satisfaction of the nursing staff of a public university hospital. Method: secondary study with mixed data approach and simple and multiple linear regression. A total of 115 subjects participated in the study, 41 nurses and 74 nursing assistants and technicians. The data collection occurred in 2013 using the QST-Caism questionnaire. Results: education, hierarchical level and workplace constitute job satisfaction determinants. However, age, gender, job and work period did not show this relationship. More educated workers held low job satisfaction if exercised not graduated nursing functions. Conclusion: graduated workers who perform high school functions are more unsatisfied than those who have high school function and qualification.

Exclusive breastfeeding practices reported by mothers and the introduction of additional liquids.

AIM: To assess the concept of exclusive breastfeeding held by nursing women by comparing the period they consider that they perform it and the infants' age at the introduction of additional liquids. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with 309 women who delivered babies at a university hospital in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis; the variables of interest were crossed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Approximately 30% of the women reported having introduced additional liquids before the infants reached aged six months old, while asserting that they were performing exclusive breastfeeding. The following variables were associated with early introduction of liquids: lack of employment (p = 0.0386), younger maternal age (p = 0.0159) and first pregnancy (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The concept of exclusive breastfeeding might not be fully clear to women, as they seem to believe that it means not to feed the children other types of milk but that giving other liquids is allowed. These results show that promotion of breastfeeding should take beliefs and values into consideration to achieve effective dialogue and understanding with mothers.

Exclusive breastfeeding practices reported by mothers and the introduction of additional liquids / Prática de aleitamento materno exclusivo informado pela mãe e oferta de líquidos aos seus filhos / Prácticas de lactancia materna exclusiva reportadas por las madres y la introducción de líquidos adicionales

Aim: To assess the concept of exclusive breastfeeding held by nursing women by comparing the period they consider that they perform it and the infants' age at the introduction of additional liquids. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with 309 women who delivered babies at a university hospital in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis; the variables of interest were crossed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Approximately 30% of the women reported having introduced additional liquids before the infants reached aged six months old, while asserting that they were performing exclusive breastfeeding. The following variables were associated with early introduction of liquids: lack of employment (p = 0.0386), younger maternal age (p = 0.0159) and first pregnancy (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The concept of exclusive breastfeeding might not be fully clear to women, as they seem to believe that it means not to feed the children other types of milk but that giving other liquids is allowed. These results show that promotion of breastfeeding should take beliefs and values into consideration to achieve effective dialogue and understanding with mothers. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar o conceito de aleitamento materno exclusivo para nutrizes, comparando o período em que consideraram realizá-lo e a idade de introdução de outros líquidos. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo transversal, com 309 mulheres que tiveram filhos em um hospital universitário do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, com cruzamento das variáveis de interesse por meio de teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, teste quiquadrado e teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: aproximadamente 30% das mulheres informaram introdução de outros líquidos antes dos seis meses de vida, enquanto afirmavam estar em aleitamento materno exclusivo. Verificou-se associação das seguintes variáveis com a introdução precoce de líquidos: mulheres sem vínculo empregatício (p=0,0386), mais jovens (p=0,0159) e primíparas (p= 0,003). CONCLUSÃO: é possível que o conceito de aleitamento exclusivo não seja claro para as mulheres, pois entendem que praticá-lo significa não dar outro tipo de leite, podendo oferecer outros líquidos. Isto mostra que a promoção do aleitamento materno deve contemplar a abordagem de crenças e valores, assegurando diálogo efetivo e compreensão junto às mães. .

OBJETIVO: evaluar el concepto de la lactancia materna exclusiva mantenido por mujeres lactantes en comparación con el período de duración de la lactancia considerado por ellas y la edad de los bebés al momento de introducción de líquidos adicionales. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con 309 mujeres que dieron a luz bebés en un hospital universitario en São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo; las variables de interés fueron cruzados mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, el chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher. RESULTADOS: el 30% de las mujeres reportaron haber introducido líquidos adicionales antes de que los bebés llegaran a los seis meses de edad, al mismo tiempo afirmaron haber dado lactancia materna exclusiva. Las siguientes variables se asociaron con la introducción temprana de líquidos: la falta de empleo (p=0,0386), edad materna juvenil (p=0,0159) y el primer embarazo (p=0,003). CONCLUSIÓN: el concepto de la lactancia materna exclusiva puede no ser totalmente claro para las mujeres, ya que parecen creer que significa no alimentar a los niños con otros tipos de leche, pero que la administración de otros líquidos se permite. Esto demuestra que la promoción de la lactancia materna debería tomar en consideración creencias y valores para lograr el diálogo y la comprensión efectiva con las madres. .

"Virei um mendigo": vivências de ex-moradores de rua acolhidos por uma instituição confessional brasileira / "Me torné un mendigo": vivencias de antiguos sin techo acogidos en una institución confesional brasileña / "I became a beggar": life experience reports of former homeless people sheltered in a brazilian confessional institution

Objetivo: analisar as vivências de ex-moradores de rua usuários de álcool acolhidos por uma Instituição Confessional. Método:fundamentado nométodo clínico-qualitativo, de agosto de 2007 a maio de 2008 foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com moradores de uma organização filantrópica do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O critério de saturação definiu a amostra de oito participantes. Resultados: três categorias foram constituídas com a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática: Você fica com vergonha: expressa tendência ao isolamento ou formação de grupos; Virei um mendigo: apresenta a ruptura da vida social e perda da identidade; O que passou não volta mais: demonstra a tentativa de livrar-se da imagem de si mesmo, negação social e identificação com os novos papéis. Conclusão: para sobreviver, o ex-morador nega elementos centrais da sua identidade e vivencia a reconstrução da nova identidade. Para retornar ao antigo lar/sociedade necessita reconfigurar a identidade perdida.

Aim: to analyze the life experiences of former homeless alcohol users sheltered in a Confessional Institution. Method: the study is based on the clinical-qualitative method. FromAugust 2007 to May 2008, semi-structured interviews were carried out with residents of a philanthropic organization in the state of São Paulo. The saturation criterion defined a sample of eight participants. Results: three categories were composed through the content analysis technique: You get embarrassed: expresses tendency to isolation or forming groups; I became a beggar: shows the breakdown of social life and loss of identity; The past will not return: demonstrates an attempt to get rid of their self-image, social denial and identification with the new roles. Conclusion:to survive, the former homeless person denies central elements of their identity and experiences the reconstruction of a new identity. In order to return to the former home/society, itis necessary to recompose the lost identity.

Objetivo:analizar las experiencias de vida de antiguos sin-techo alcoholicos acogidos en institución confesional. Método: basado en el método clínico-cualitativo, entre Agosto/2007 y mayo/2008 se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas con residentes de una organización filantrópica del estado de São Paulo (Brasil). El criterio de satuaração definió la muestra de ocho participantes. Resultados: la técnica de análisis de contenido constituyó tres categorías: “Estás avergonzado”: expresa una tendencia al aislamiento o formación de grupos; “Me torné un mendigo”: presenta una ruptura de la vida social con pérdida de identidad; "El pasado no volverá": muestra intento de deshacerse de la imagen de sí mismo, negación social e identificación con los nuevos roles. Conclusión: para sobrevivir, ellos niegam elementos centrales de su identidad y experimentan la reconstrucción de la nueva identidad. Para volver al antiguo hogar/sociedad necesita reconfigurar la identidad pérdida.

Male incontinence: a critical review of the literature / Incontinência urinária masculina: uma revisão crítica da literatura / Incontinencia urinaria masculina: una revisión crítica de la literatura

The aim was to identify and analyze studies on the quality of life and life experiences of men with urinary incontinence. Through critical review of the literature, data were analyzed using content analysis technique based on psychodynamic references. The results were grouped into two themes: Psychosocial lived experience aspects of men with urinary incontinence; Men's lived experience in the management of urinary incontinence. Men with urinary incontinence experienced a low self-image along with a sense of social stigma associated to the image of a deteriorated body. Seeking treatment when the incontinence is mild and making use of psychological and social mechanisms to adapt to the urinary incontinence. The study shows that incontinent men to have low expectation regarding treatment due to the lack of knowledge about existing therapies and strategies to urinary loss control.

O objetivo foi identificar e analisar estudos sobre a qualidade de vida e vivência de homens com incontinência urinária. Por meio de revisão crítica da literatura, os dados foram tratados pela técnica de análise do conteúdo e analisados com base nos referenciais psicodinâmicos. Os resultados foram agrupados em dois temas: Aspectos psicossociais vivenciados por homens com incontinência urinária e Vivência dos homens no manejo da incontinência urinária. Os homens com incontinência urinária vivenciam sentimentos de estigma social associados à imagem de um corpo deteriorado. Procuram tratamento quando a incontinência é leve e buscam mecanismos psicológicos e sociais para se adaptarem à incontinência urinária. O estudo mostrou que os homens incontinentes tem baixa expectativa em relação ao tratamento devido à falta de conhecimento sobre as terapias existentes e das estratégias para controlar perda urinária.

El objetivo fue identificar y analizar estudios sobre la calidad de vida y experiencias de hombres con incontinencia urinaria. Para la revisión crítica de la literatura, los datos fueron tratados con la técnica de análisis de contenido y analizados en las referencias psicodinámicas. Los resultados se agruparon en dos temas: Aspectos psicosociales vividos por hombres con incontinencia urinaria; La experiencia de los hombres en manejar la incontinencia urinaria. Los hombres incontinentes viven con sentimientos de estigma asociados con imagen de un cuerpo deteriorado. Buscan tratamiento cuando la incontinencia es pequeña y buscan mecanismos psicológicos y sociales para adaptarse a incontinencia. El estudio muestra que los hombres incontinentes tienen bajas expectativas cuanto a tratamiento debido a la falta de conocimiento sobre las terapias existentes y las estrategias para controle de la pierda de orina.

Fuzzy cognitive map in differential diagnosis of alterations in urinary elimination: a nursing approach.

PURPOSE: To develop a decision support system to discriminate the diagnoses of alterations in urinary elimination, according to the nursing terminology of NANDA International (NANDA-I). METHODS: A fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) was structured considering six possible diagnoses: stress urinary incontinence, reflex urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, functional urinary incontinence, total urinary incontinence and urinary retention; and 39 signals associated with them. The model was implemented in Microsoft Visual C++(®) Edition 2005 and applied in 195 real cases. Its performance was evaluated through the agreement test, comparing its results with the diagnoses determined by three experts (nurses). The sensitivity and specificity of the model were calculated considering the expert's opinion as a gold standard. In order to compute the Kappa's values we considered two situations, since more than one diagnosis was possible: the overestimation of the accordance in which the case was considered as concordant when at least one diagnoses was equal; and the underestimation of the accordance, in which the case was considered as discordant when at least one diagnosis was different. RESULTS: The overestimation of the accordance showed an excellent agreement (kappa=0.92, p<0.0001); and the underestimation provided a moderate agreement (kappa=0.42, p<0.0001). In general the FCM model showed high sensitivity and specificity, of 0.95 and 0.92, respectively, but provided a low specificity value in determining the diagnosis of urge urinary incontinence (0.43) and a low sensitivity value to total urinary incontinence (0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The decision support system developed presented a good performance compared to other types of expert systems for differential diagnosis of alterations in urinary elimination. Since there are few similar studies in the literature, we are convinced of the importance of investing in this kind of modeling, both from the theoretical and from the health applied points of view. LIMITATIONS: In spite of the good results, the FCM should be improved to identify the diagnoses of urge urinary incontinence and total urinary incontinence.

Life experiences of Brazilian men with urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to explore the psychosocial meaning and repercussions on lifestyle associated with erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence (UI) in men following radical prostatectomy. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Ten men from Southeastern Brazil who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were interviewed. All participants underwent treatment at a urology clinic during the period of September 2007 to February 2009. METHODS: A clinical-qualitative study was conducted, using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Each man was interviewed once. The average length of the interviews was 37 minutes (range: 16 to 81 minutes). Data from the interviews were subjected to content thematic analysis and development of categories based on psychodynamic references. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: (1) sexuality called into question; (2) a body without governance; and (3) experiencing loss. These men reported difficulties in dealing both with the physical and emotional impotence resulting from the treatment. Urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction affected their body by accentuating conflicts related to masculinity, triggering subjective feelings of powerlessness, and psychological distress. CONCLUSION: Study respondents assigned multiple psychological meanings to issues related to feelings of powerlessness in general, leading to a narcissistic wound. The men experienced UI as a bodily deficiency, and erectile dysfunction was experienced as a feeling of being devitalized. These results suggest that UI from prostate cancer treatment affects sexuality and self-esteem.

Comunicação enfermeiro-paciente no pré-operatório: revisão integrativa / Nurse-patient communication in the preoperative period: integrative review

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as práticas de comunicação do enfermeiro no processo de orientação ao paciente no período pré-operatório. Uma revisão integrativa da literatura resultou na análise de 14 artigos. Sete estudos descreveram a comunicação satisfatória por meio de orientações, diálogo, reuniões, uso de manuais, painéis e outros. Na pediatria, arteterapia e a utilização dos brinquedos foram intervenções eficazes. Seis artigos descreveram insatisfação devido à orientações impositivas, uso de linguagem técnica, a falta de individualidade com o paciente ou apontaram a falta de informação, mostrando que os profissionais tendem a ritualizar as suas funções em instituições onde não há atenção para esta questão. O enfermeiro desempenha um papel importante no cuidado do paciente, sendo a comunicação uma forma relevante de interação, que precisa ser revista e melhorada regularmente.

The meanings of silence in Brazilian women with urinary incontinence.

PURPOSE: We explored the meanings of silence for Brazilian women with urinary incontinence (UI). SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The sample consisted of 8 women, aged 30 to 45 years. Respondents worked as housekeepers or cleaning staff and were from lower social, economic, and educational strata. Their years of formal education varied from 0 to 8 years and they earned up to 4.5 times the Brazilian minimum wage, which is equivalent to US$900. METHODS: A qualitative method using semistructured interviews was employed to gather data. Individual semistructured interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed, including researchers' observations of subjects' nonverbal behaviors. The interviews began with the question: "Can you tell me about your experience with urinary incontinence?" Data were analyzed using a content analysis technique. RESULTS: Respondents avoided discussing UI and initially resisted labeling themselves as incontinent, but their nonverbal behaviors provided clues to the psychosocial distress caused by urinary leakage. Results suggest that respondents' underprivileged social, economic, and cultural situation may aggravate their limitations when expressing their feelings. We found that the women employed silence as a means to contain the psychosocial distress created by their UI, and that the silence itself should be interpreted as an expression of distress associated with UI. CONCLUSION: The silence of Brazilian women with UI is an essential element of communication about incontinence. We believe that the silence used by these women expresses the pain and anxiety they experienced, and it acts as an adaptive psychosocial mechanism.

Vivências de mulheres brasileiras com incontinência urinária / Life experiences of Brazilian women with urinary incontinence / Vivencias de las mujeres brasileñas con incontinencia urinaria

Nosso objetivo foi aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre as vivências com a perda urinária entre mulheres brasileiras. Utilizou-se o método clínico-qualitativo com entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Oito mulheres, faxineiras, de 30 a 45 anos, de baixa situação socioeconômica, com queixa de perda urinária e que nunca realizaram tratamento, foram selecionadas pela técnica "bola de neve", com fechamento amostral pelo critério de saturação. A técnica de análise de conteúdo com abordagens psicodinâmicas possibilitou a criação de duas categorias: um assunto velado e uma vivência solitária. Para as mulheres, a perda urinária é um assunto que deve ser escondido, um obstáculo nas interações interpessoais, um estigma que impede a busca de tratamento. Elas convivem com o medo e a vergonha. Calam-se, sofrem sozinhas, e para resistir, reagem com a solidão. Concluímos que as mulheres incontinentes preferem o silêncio a ter que pedir ajuda, encontram no isolamento a forma de proteção, e na solidão, a sobrevivência.

Our aim was to amplify the knowledge about the life experiences with urinary incontinence of Brazilian women. Were used the clinical-qualitative method with semi-directed interview. Eight women, housemaids, the 30 to 45 years, low socioeconomic status, with complain of urinary incontinence and never seek treatment, were selected by the "snowball" technique, and the size closing was by saturation criterion. The content analysis technique and psychodynamic approaches allowed the creation of two categories: one hidden problem and lonely life experience. For women, urinary incontinence is a problem that should be hidden, one obstacle in interpersonal interactions, a stigma that prevents the search for treatment. They live in fear and shame. They silenced, suffer alone, and to resist, react with the loneliness. The conclusions were that incontinent women prefer silence to having to ask for help, the insulation in was the protection form and aloneness, survival.

Nuestro objetivo fue profundizar los conocimientos acerca de las experiencias con la pierda de orina de mujeres brasileñas. Utilizamos el método clínico-cualitativo y entrevistas semi-dirigidas. Ocho mujeres incontinentes, empleadas domésticas, con edad entre 30 a 45, bajo estatus socioeconómico y que nunca trataran la incontinencia urinaria, fueran seleccionadas por la técnica de "bola de nieve" y pelo criterio de saturación. La técnica de análisis de contenido con enfoque psicodinámico permitió la creación de dos categorías: una cuestión encubierta y una experiencia solitaria. Para las mujeres, la incontinencia urinaria es un problema que debe ser ocultado, un obstáculo en las interacciones interpersonales y un estigma que impide la búsqueda de tratamiento. Viven en el miedo y vergüenza. Silencian, sufren solas y reaccionan con la soledad. Concluimos que estas mujeres prefieren el silencio a tener que pedir ayuda, encuentran en el aislamiento, la forma de protección, y en la soledad, la supervivencia.

Nursing care of women who suffered sexual violence.

The aim of this study was to characterize the nursing care, provided to women who suffered sexual violence, treated at The Women's Hospital-CAISM/UNICAMP. A retrospective, descriptive study performed using 146 nursing care records of women attended from June 2006 to May 2007. The results showed that the majority of attendances occurred during the day period, that there was consistency between the interventions and the nursing diagnoses identified, and that women reported having received guidance in accordance with the protocol of the program. The nursing consultation time was greater at night (p=0.0227) and the women frequently understood the health risks resulting from sexual violence (p=0.0072), the use of antiretrovirals according to their daily activities (p=0.0397) and they were more focused on the purpose of the serology (p=0.0351). We concluded that the care provided was shown to be appropriate and of a better quality in the nightshift period.

Nursing Care of Women Who Suffered Sexual Violence / Atendimento de enfermagem às mulheres que sofrem violência sexual / Atención de enfermería a mujeres que sufren violencia sexual

The aim of this study was to characterize the nursing care, provided to women who suffered sexual violence, treated at The Women's Hospital-CAISM/UNICAMP. A retrospective, descriptive study performed using 146 nursing care records of women attended from June 2006 to May 2007. The results showed that the majority of attendances occurred during the day period, that there was consistency between the interventions and the nursing diagnoses identified, and that women reported having received guidance in accordance with the protocol of the program. The nursing consultation time was greater at night (p=0.0227) and the women frequently understood the health risks resulting from sexual violence (p=0.0072), the use of antiretrovirals according to their daily activities (p=0.0397) and they were more focused on the purpose of the serology (p=0.0351). We concluded that the care provided was shown to be appropriate and of a better quality in the nightshift period.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a assistência de enfermagem prestada pelo enfermeiro às mulheres que sofreram violência sexual, atendidas no Hospital da Mulher -CAISM/Unicamp. Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo e descritivo com 146 fichas de atendimento de enfermagem a mulheres, entre junho de 2006 a maio de 2007. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos atendimentos ocorreu durante o período diurno, houve coerência entre as intervenções e os diagnósticos de enfermagem identificados, e as mulheres relataram que receberam orientações de acordo com o protocolo do programa. O tempo da consulta de enfermagem foi maior no período noturno (p=0,0227) e essas mulheres mais frequentemente conheciam os riscos de saúde, decorrentes da violência sexual (p=0,0072), adequaram os horários do antirretrovirais, de acordo com suas atividades diárias (p=0,0397), e estavam mais orientadas quanto à finalidade das sorologias (p=0,0351). Conclui-se que o atendimento prestado mostrou-se adequado e com melhor qualidade no plantão noturno.

Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar la asistencia prestada por los enfermeros a las mujeres que sufrieron violencia sexual atendidas en el Hospital de la Mujer-CAISM (UNICAMP). Fue realizado un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo con 146 fichas de atención de enfermería de mujeres atendidas entre junio de 2006 a mayo de 2007. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de las atenciones ocurrieron durante el período diurno, hubo coherencia entre las intervenciones y los diagnósticos de enfermería identificados y las mujeres relataron que recibieron orientaciones de acuerdo con el protocolo del programa. El tiempo de consulta de enfermería fue mayor en el período nocturno (p=0,0227) y se constató que esas mujeres frecuentemente conocían los riesgos de salud provenientes de la violencia sexual (p=0,0072), adecuaban los horarios de los antirretrovirales de acuerdo con sus actividades diarias (p=0,0397) y estaban más orientadas en cuanto a la finalidad de las serologías (p=0,0351). Concluimos que la atención prestada se mostró adecuada y con mejor calidad en el plantón nocturno.

Evaluation of the nursing process used at a Brazilian teaching hospital.

PURPOSE: To evaluate how the nursing process has been registered at a Brazilian teaching hospital. METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study of 68 medical records. FINDINGS: The data collection of history was more frequent on the admission day. The documentation of physical exam was prioritized. Sometimes there were records of nursing interventions but not of nursing diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: It was found some failures in the record of some steps of the nursing process. Although all steps had been used, they were not carried out consistently. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Some aspects deserve to be considered to improve the use and registration of all steps of the nursing process as to develop specific protocols, redesign the formulary of data record with careful and equal consideration of all steps, and empower all members of the nursing staff to implement the nursing process more effectively.

Vivências de enfermeiros na assistência à mulher vítima de violência sexual / Experiences of nurses in health care for female victims of sexual violence

Objetivo: Compreender as vivências de enfermeiros no atendimento a mulheres que sofreram violência sexual. Prodedimentos metodológicos: Estudo clínico-qualitativo em que foram entrevistados seis enfermeiros de um serviço de assistência a mulheres vítimas de violência sexual em Campinas, SP, no período de abril a maio de 2007. Utilizou-se a técnica da entrevista semidirigida de questões abertas. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo com base no referencial psicodinâmico. Foram produzidas categorias analíticas: o que pensam, o que sentem, como agem e como reagem ao trabalho com vítimas de violência sexual. Análise dos Resultados: Os entrevistados indicaram o acolhimento como fundamental na assistência humanizada e no estabelecimento de vínculo com a cliente. Foram relatados sentimentos como medo, insegurança, impotência, ambivalência, angústia e ansiedade, que acarretam alterações de comportamento e interferem na vida pessoal, como também sentimentos de satisfação e realização profissionais. A capacitação técnica e atividades que visam o apoio psicológico foram citadas como estratégias que podem ajudar nesse tipo de atendimento. Conclusões: Mesmo diante de sentimentos como impotência, medo e revolta, a percepção de alívio pelo dever cumprido e a satisfação pessoal dos enfermeiros em ter ajudado essas mulheres parecem se sobrepor aos demais sentimentos, como forma de gratificação. O desejo de "fugir" do atendimento e a vontade de dar o melhor de si ocorrem simultaneamente e são utilizados mecanismos internos no sentido de minimizar a dor e o sofrimento.

Experiences of nurses in health care for female victims of sexual violence.

OBJECTIVE: To understand experiences of nurses caring for women who have suffered sexual violence. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: Qualitative-clinical study in which six nurses from a health care service for women who had suffered sexual violence were interviewed in the city of Campinas, Southeastern Brazil, between April and May 2007. Semi-guided interview technique with open questions was used. Data were analyzed following the content analysis technique, based on a psychodynamic framework. The following analytical categories were produced: what they think about, how they feel, how they act and how they react to the work with sexual violence victims. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS: Interviewees indicated receptiveness as key to provide humanized health care and form a bond with clients. Feelings such as fear, insecurity, impotence, ambivalence, anguish and anxiety were reported, causing behavioral changes and interfering with one's personal life, in addition to feelings of professional achievement and satisfaction. Technical qualification and activities aimed at providing psychological support were mentioned as strategies to help this type of care. CONCLUSIONS: Although dealing with feelings such as impotence, fear and indignation, the nurses' perception of relief when fulfilling their job tasks and the personal satisfaction felt when helping these women seem to surpass other feelings, as a form of gratification. The desire to 'run away' from the health care service and the willingness to do one's best occur simultaneously and are used as inner mechanisms in the sense of minimizing pain and suffering.

[Evaluation of an expert system on nursing diagnoses related to urinary elimination]. / Avaliação de um sistema especialista em diagnóstico de enfermagem relacionados à eliminação urinária.

An expert system on nursing diagnoses related to urinary elimination, according NANDA's taxonomy, was developed and evaluated. Data were collected using a form and a checklist of defining characteristics. The obtained consensus diagnoses by three specialists were considered gold standard. 197 cases were tested. The system proved to be adequate for determining diagnoses such as 'stress urinary incontinence', 'urge urinary incontinence', 'urinary retention' and 'total urinary incontinence' with sensitivity and specificity above 98%. The accuracy evaluation in relation to 'impaired urinary elimination', 'reflex urinary incontinence' and 'functional urinary incontinence' was not possible to be established due to the small size of the sample. The experience in developing and evaluating this program can be applied in creating other expert systems.

Psychocultural meanings of urinary incontinence in women: a review.

The purpose of the present study was to identify and analyze studies in health literature about the psychocultural meanings reported by women who experience urinary incontinence (UI). A bibliographical search was executed in the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, Pubmed and Medscape. The present review showed that studies note several meanings. The articles were grouped in three categories defined as significant: according to age experiences, cultural-religious experiences and experiences in self-care. The studies revealed that the degree of anguish and the range of the difficulties experienced are related both with age, ethnic group or religion and with the perception each individual has of her incontinence, which will lead to different levels of emotional disorders and to seeking (or not seeking) treatment. Besides, barriers regarding self-care are perceived. It is concluded that the UI may cause suffering and incontinent women have difficulties to deal with this problem.