BRD9 status is a major contributor for cysteine metabolic remodeling through MST and EAAT3 modulation in malignant melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most aggressive skin cancer, showing globally increasing incidence. Hereditary CM accounts for a significant percentage (5-15 %) of all CM cases. However, most familial cases remain without a known genetic cause. Even though, BRD9 has been associated to CM as a susceptibility gene. The molecular events following BRD9 mutagenesis are still not completely understood. In this study, we disclosed BRD9 as a key regulator in cysteine metabolism and associated altered BRD9 to increased cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as to altered melanin levels, inducing higher susceptibility to melanomagenesis. It is evident that BRD9 WT and mutated BRD9 (c.183G>C) have a different impact on cysteine metabolism, respectively by inhibiting and activating MPST expression in the metastatic A375 cell line. The effect of the mutated BRD9 variant was more evident in A375 cells than in the less invasive WM115 line. Our data point out novel molecular and metabolic mechanisms dependent on BRD9 status that potentially account for the increased risk of developing CM and enhancing CM aggressiveness. Moreover, our findings emphasize the role of cysteine metabolism remodeling in melanoma progression and open new queues to follow to explore the role of BRD9 as a melanoma susceptibility or cancer-related gene.

H2S-Synthesizing Enzymes Are Putative Determinants in Lung Cancer Management toward Personalized Medicine.

Lung cancer is a lethal disease with no truly efficient therapeutic management despite the progresses, and metabolic profiling can be a way of stratifying patients who may benefit from new therapies. The present study is dedicated to profiling cysteine metabolic pathways in NSCLC cell lines and tumor samples. This was carried out by analyzing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ATP levels, examining mRNA and protein expression patterns of cysteine catabolic enzymes and transporters, and conducting metabolomics analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Selenium-chrysin (SeChry) was tested as a therapeutic alternative with the aim of having an effect on cysteine catabolism and showed promising results. NSCLC cell lines presented different cysteine metabolic patterns, with A549 and H292 presenting a higher reliance on cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) to maintain H2S levels, while the PC-9 cell line presented an adaptive behavior based on the use of mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) and cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1), both contributing to the role of cysteine as a pyruvate source. The analyses of human lung tumor samples corroborated this variability in profiles, meaning that the expression of certain genes may be informative in defining prognosis and new targets. Heterogeneity points out individual profiles, and the identification of new targets among metabolic players is a step forward in cancer management toward personalized medicine.

A Metabolic Signature to Monitor Endothelial Cell Differentiation, Activation, and Vascular Organization.

The formation of new blood vessels is an important step in the morphogenesis and organization of tissues and organs; hence, the success of regenerative medicine procedures is highly dependent on angiogenesis control. Despite the biotechnological advances, tissue engineering is still a challenge. Regarding vascular network formation, the regulators are well known, yet the identification of markers is pivotal in order to improve the monitoring of the differentiation and proliferation of endothelial cells, as well as the establishment of a vascular network supporting tissue viability for an efficacious implantation. The metabolic profile accompanies the physiological stages of cells involved in angiogenesis, being a fruitful hub of biomarkers, whose levels can be easily retrieved. Through NMR spectroscopy, we identified branched amino acids, acetate, and formate as central biomarkers of monocyte-to-endothelial-cell differentiation and endothelial cell proliferation. This study reinforces the successful differentiation process of monocytes into endothelial cells, allowing self-to-self transplantation of patient-derived vascular networks, which is an important step in tissue engineering, since monocytes are easily isolated and autologous transplantation reduces the immune rejection events.

Molecular and Metabolic Reprogramming: Pulling the Strings Toward Tumor Metastasis.

Metastasis is a major hurdle to the efficient treatment of cancer, accounting for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Although several studies have disclosed the detailed mechanisms underlying primary tumor formation, the emergence of metastatic disease remains poorly understood. This multistep process encompasses the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, followed by their adaptation to foreign microenvironments and establishment in secondary tumors. During the last decades, it was discovered that these events may be favored by particular metabolic patterns, which are dependent on reprogrammed signaling pathways in cancer cells while they acquire metastatic traits. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that coordinate the crosstalk between metastatic signaling and cellular metabolism. The recent findings involving the contribution of crucial metabolic pathways involved in the bioenergetics and biosynthesis control in metastatic cells are summarized. Finally, we highlight new promising metabolism-based therapeutic strategies as a putative way of impairing metastasis.

The Activation of Endothelial Cells Relies on a Ferroptosis-Like Mechanism: Novel Perspectives in Management of Angiogenesis and Cancer Therapy.

The activation of endothelial cells (ECs) is a crucial step on the road map of tumor angiogenesis and expanding evidence indicates that a pro-oxidant tumor microenvironment, conditioned by cancer metabolic rewiring, is a relevant controller of this process. Herein, we investigated the contribution of oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis to ECs activation. Moreover, we also addressed the anti-angiogenic effect of Propranolol. We observed that a ferroptosis-like mechanism, induced by xCT inhibition with Erastin, at a non-lethal level, promoted features of ECs activation, such as proliferation, migration and vessel-like structures formation, concomitantly with the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxides. Additionally, this ferroptosis-like mechanism promoted vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) junctional gaps and potentiated cancer cell adhesion to ECs and transendothelial migration. Propranolol was able to revert Erastin-dependent activation of ECs and increased levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) underlie the mechanism of action of Propranolol. Furthermore, we tested a dual-effect therapy by promoting ECs stability with Propranolol and boosting oxidative stress to induce cancer cell death with a nanoformulation comprising selenium-containing chrysin (SeChry) encapsulated in a fourth generation polyurea dendrimer (SeChry@PUREG4). Our data showed that novel developments in cancer treatment may rely on multi-targeting strategies focusing on nanoformulations for a safer induction of cancer cell death, taking advantage of tumor vasculature stabilization.

Cysteine Aminotransferase (CAT): A Pivotal Sponsor in Metabolic Remodeling and an Ally of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase (MST) in Cancer.

Metabolic remodeling is a critical skill of malignant cells, allowing their survival and spread. The metabolic dynamics and adaptation capacity of cancer cells allow them to escape from damaging stimuli, including breakage or cross-links in DNA strands and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting resistance to currently available therapies, such as alkylating or oxidative agents. Therefore, it is essential to understand how metabolic pathways and the corresponding enzymatic systems can impact on tumor behavior. Cysteine aminotransferase (CAT) per se, as well as a component of the CAT: 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) axis, is pivotal for this metabolic rewiring, constituting a central mechanism in amino acid metabolism and fulfilling the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thereby supplying other different pathways. In this review, we explore the current state-of-art on CAT function and its role on cancer cell metabolic rewiring as MST partner, and its relevance in cancer cells' fitness.

The Metabolic Remodelling in Lung Cancer and Its Putative Consequence in Therapy Response.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in both men and women. Conventional chemotherapy has failed to provide long-term benefits for many patients and in the past decade, important advances were made to understand the underlying molecular/genetic mechanisms of lung cancer, allowing the unfolding of several other pathological entities. Considering these molecular subtypes, and the appearance of promising targeted therapies, an effective personalized control of the disease has emerged, nonetheless benefiting a small proportion of patients. Although immunotherapy has also appeared as a new hope, it is still not accessible to the majority of patients with lung cancer.The metabolism of energy and biomass is the basis of cellular survival. This is true for normal cells under physiological conditions and it is also true for pathophysiologically altered cells, such as cancer cells. Thus, knowledge of the metabolic remodelling that occurs in cancer cells in the sense of, on one hand, surviving in the microenvironment of the organ in which the tumour develops and, on the other hand, escaping from drugs conditioned microenvironment, is essential to understand the disease and to develop new therapeutic approaches.

Targeting Glutathione and Cystathionine ß-Synthase in Ovarian Cancer Treatment by Selenium-Chrysin Polyurea Dendrimer Nanoformulation.

Ovarian cancer is the main cause of death from gynecological cancer, with its poor prognosis mainly related to late diagnosis and chemoresistance (acquired or intrinsic) to conventional alkylating and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating drugs. We and others reported that the availability of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) impacts the mechanisms of resistance to carboplatin in ovarian cancer. Different players in cysteine metabolism can be crucial in chemoresistance, such as the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc (xCT) and the H2S-synthesizing enzyme cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) in the pathway of cysteine catabolism. We hypothesized that, by disrupting cysteine metabolic flux, chemoresistance would be reverted. Since the xCT transporter is also able to take up selenium, we used selenium-containing chrysin (SeChry) as a plausible competitive inhibitor of xCT. For that, we tested the effects of SeChry on three different ovarian cancer cell lines (ES2, OVCAR3, and OVCAR8) and in two non-malignant cell lines (HaCaT and HK2). Results showed that, in addition to being highly cytotoxic, SeChry does not affect the uptake of cysteine, although it increases GSH depletion, indicating that SeChry might induce oxidative stress. However, enzymatic assays revealed an inhibitory effect of SeChry toward CBS, thus preventing production of the antioxidant H2S. Notably, our data showed that SeChry and folate-targeted polyurea dendrimer generation four (SeChry@PUREG4-FA) nanoparticles increased the specificity for SeChry delivery to ovarian cancer cells, reducing significantly the toxicity against non-malignant cells. Collectively, our data support SeChry@PUREG4-FA nanoparticles as a targeted strategy to improve ovarian cancer treatment, where GSH depletion and CBS inhibition underlie SeChry cytotoxicity.

Acetylation drives hepatocyte nuclear factor 1ß stability by blocking proteasome-mediated degradation.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1ß (HNF1ß) is mostly expressed in the liver, but is also expressed in other organs, like kidney, pancreas and genitourinary tract. In fact, HNF1ß, a member of the superfamily of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, has been described as a hallmark in clear cell carcinomas. However, its role as an oncogene or as tumor suppressor gene remains controversial. Here, we disclose a mechanism of HNF1ß stabilization and degradation, using human HNF1ß-expressing cell lines of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (ES2), hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2), and normal immortalized kidney tubular cells (HK2). We show that increased levels of HNF1ß is concomitant with an increase in the acetylation load and protein stabilization by interfering with the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. This study reinforces that acetylation, besides their role in regulating chromatin conformation and gene expression, could also act in the action, turnover and stability of proteins essential for the survival and progression of certain cancer types.

Estratégias de ensino na graduação em enfermagem: estudo descritivo / Estrategias de enseñanza en la graduación en enfermería: estudio descriptivo / Teaching strategies in undergraduation in nursing: a descriptive study

RESUMO: Objetivo: identificar estratégias de ensino facilitadoras para a formação do Enfermeiro na visão de discentes de enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado em três universidades do sul do Brasil, por questionário semiestruturado, com 258 discentes de Enfermagem, entre março e abril de 2014. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva com frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: sobre estratégias de ensino, verificou-se que as facilitadoras da aprendizagem durante aulas teóricas relacionavam-se aos recursos audiovisuais 67 (33,16%), aulas dinâmicas 67 (33,16%), discussão de artigos 60 (29,70%), trabalhos em grupo 47 (23,26%). As estratégias de ensino menos citadas foram: seminários, resumos de aulas anteriores e artigos, estudo de caso. Sobre estratégias facilitadoras, 48 (20%) discentes buscaram outras oportunidades de aprendizado além daquelas oferecidas no currículo da graduação. Conclusões: conclui-se que os discentes consideram múltiplas formas facilitadoras utilizadas como estratégias de ensino, sendo as mais citadas aulas dinâmicas, trabalhos em grupo e problematização.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: identificar estrategias de enseñanza que sean facilitadoras para la formación del Enfermero en la visión de discentes de enfermería. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, que se realizó en tres universidades del sur de Brasil, por medio de cuestionario semiestructurado, con 258 discentes de Enfermería, entre marzo y abril de 2014. Se analizaron los datos por estadística descriptiva con frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: acerca de las estrategias de enseñanza, se verificó que las facilitadoras del aprendizaje durante clases teóricas se asociaban a los recursos audiovisuales 67 (33,16%), clases dinámicas 67 (33,16%), discusión de artículos 60 (29,70%), trabajos enequipo 47 (23,26%). Las estrategias de enseñanza menos citadas fueron: seminarios, resúmenes de clases anteriores y artículos, estudio de caso. Sobre estrategias facilitadoras, 48 (20%) discentes buscaron otras oportunidades de aprendizajeademás de aquellas ofrecidas en el currículo de la graduación. Conclusiones: se concluye que los discentes consideran múltiples formas facilitadoras utilizadas como estrategias de enseñanza, siendo las más citadas clases dinámicas, trabajos enequipoy problematización.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify teaching strategies that facilitate nurses' training according to the views of nursing students Method: A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in three universities in the south of Brazil, through a semi-structured questionnaire, with 258 nursing students, in March and April, 2014. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Regarding teaching strategies, it was found that the audiovisual resources: 67 (33.16%), dynamic classes: 67 (33.16%), discussion of scientific articles: 60 (29.70%), group work 47 (23.26%) were the strategies that facilitate learning during lecture classes. Less cited teaching strategies included seminars, summaries (students are asked to summarize what they learned in previous classes) and discussion of scientific articles and case studies. On facilitating strategies, 48 (20%) students sought other learning opportunities in addition to those offered in the undergraduate program. Conclusions: It is concluded that the nursing students perceive many facilitating methods as teaching strategies. The strategies most often reported were dynamic classes, group work and problematization.

Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence.

Large-scale gravitational flank collapses of steep volcanic islands are hypothetically capable of triggering megatsunamis with highly catastrophic effects. Yet, evidence for the generation and impact of collapse-triggered megatsunamis and their high run-ups remains scarce or is highly controversial. Therefore, doubts remain on whether island flank failures truly generate enough volume flux to trigger giant tsunamis, leading to diverging opinions concerning the real hazard potential of such collapses. We show that one of the most prominent oceanic volcanoes on Earth-Fogo, in the Cape Verde Islands-catastrophically collapsed and triggered a megatsunami with devastating effects ~73,000 years ago. Our deductions are based on the recent discovery and cosmogenic (3)He dating of tsunamigenic deposits found on nearby Santiago Island, which attest to the impact of this giant tsunami and document wave run-up heights exceeding 270 m. The evidence reported here implies that Fogo's flank failure involved at least one fast and voluminous event that led to a giant tsunami, in contrast to what has been suggested before. Our observations therefore further demonstrate that flank collapses may indeed catastrophically happen and are capable of triggering tsunamis of enormous height and energy, adding to their hazard potential.

Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. Material and methods: Forty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The Interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Results: All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. Conclusions: All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC. .

Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six [Corrected] bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC), ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups, subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC, respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The Interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. CONCLUSIONS: All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC.

Effect of simulated intraoral erosion and/or abrasion effects on etch-and-rinse bonding to enamel.

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of simulated oral erosive/abrasive challenges on the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse two-step bonding system to enamel using an in situ/ex vivo protocol. METHODS: Bovine enamel blocks were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups: CONT - control (no challenge), ABR - 3x/day-1 minute toothbrushing; ERO - 3x/day - 5 minutes extraoral immersion into regular Coca Cola; and ERO+ABR - erosive protocol followed by a 1-minute toothbrushing. Eight blocks were placed into an acrylic palatal appliance for each volunteer (n = 13), who wore the appliance for 5 days. Two blocks were subjected to each of the four challenges. Subsequently, all the blocks were washed with tap water and Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350 were placed. After 24 hours, 1 mm2 beams were obtained from each block to be tested with the microtensile bond strength test (50 N load at 0.5 mm/minute). The data were statistically analyzed by one-way RM-ANOVA and Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: No difference was detected among the ABR, ERO, and CONT groups (P > 0.05). ERO+ABR group yielded lower bond strengths than either the ABR and ERO groups (P < 0.0113).

Non-linear 3D finite element analysis of full-arch implant-supported fixed dentures.

Despite the necessity for faster clinical protocols for immediate loading of implant-supported dentures, there is a lack of biomechanical studies to confirm the rigid splinting effectiveness. We compared the stress in mandibular full-arch implant-supported fixed dentures under immediate loading through three-dimensional finite element analysis. Edentulous human mandible models were restored with a 4-implant fixed denture. Implants were splinted with a metallic framework and submitted to conventional loading (group A-control), with acrylic resin and submitted to immediate loading (group B), with a metallic framework and submitted to immediate loading (group C), and with acrylic resin and a prefabricated distal bar and submitted to immediate loading (group D). Models were supported by masticatory muscles. A 100-N oblique load was applied on the first molar. Group A presented the lowest stress and implant displacement values, whereas group D showed the highest values. In bone, groups under immediate loading exhibited the highest stress, whereas the group experiencing conventional loading showed an approximately 50% reduction. All groups submitted to immediate loading presented similar stress values in peri-implant bone. The loading protocol influenced the stress and implant displacement, but the design of the fixed denture did not affect the stress in the peri-implant bone. Rigid splinting of implants submitted to immediate loading is not essential for treatment success.

The role of superstructure material on the stress distribution in mandibular full-arch implant-supported fixed dentures. A CT-based 3D-FEA.

This study evaluated the stress distribution in mandibular full-arch implant-supported fixed dentures with different veneering and metallic infrastructure materials, using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Ten models were obtained from an edentulous human mandible with a complete denture fixed by four implants. Acrylic resin (RES) and porcelain (POR) teeth were associated with infrastructures of titanium (Ti), gold (Au), silver-palladium (AgPd), chrome-cobalt (CoCr) and nickel-chrome (NiCr). A 100-N oblique was applied. The von Mises (σvM) and maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses were obtained. The RES-AgPd group showed the lowest σvM values, while the RES-Ni-Cr group showed the highest. In the bone tissue, the RES-Au group was the only one that showed different σmax values with a 12% increase in comparison to the other groups which had similar stress values. In the implants, the groups with Ti, Au and AgPd infrastructures, either with porcelain or resin teeth, showed σvM values similar and lower in comparison to the groups with CoCr and NiCr infrastructures. The tooth veneering material influenced the stress values in metallic infrastructures, in which the acrylic resin had the highest values. The veneering and infrastructure materials have influence on stress values of implant-supported dentures, except for the peri-implant bone tissue.

Efeito da limpeza pós-condicionamento e do tratamento térmico do silano na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso à cerâmica / Effect of post-etching cleaning and heat treatment of the silane on the bond strength of a resin cement to ceramic

Proposição: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da limpeza com ácido fosfórico após condicionamento da cerâmica e do tratamento térmico do silano na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso à cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio submetido ao envelhecimento. Método: Foram confeccionados sessenta e quatro blocos de cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (IPS e-¬‐max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) e de resina composta (7x8x4mm). Os corpos de prova foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=16) que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: HFS (grupo controle): ácido fluorídrico 10 % e silano; HFPS: ácido fluorídrico, ácido fosfórico 37% e silano; HFSa: ácido fluorídrico e silano aquecido (45◦C ± 5◦C); HFPSa: ácido fluorídrico, ácido fosfórico e silano aquecido. Os espécimes foram cimentados com um cimento resinoso dual, posteriormente os corpos de prova foram divididos em duas condições de envelhecimento (n=8): N - sem envelhecimento e TC: termociclagem 12.000X, 5◦C - 55 ◦C. Foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em uma máquina de testes com velocidade de 0,7mm/min. As superfícies fraturadas foram examinadas para determinar o modo de falha. Os dados estatísticos foram analisados através da Anova de 2 fatores e as médias comparadas por meio do teste Tukey (p< 0.05). Resultados: o grupo HFSa envelhecido apresentou o maior valor de resistência de união (21,49 ± 2,29 MPa), entretanto, sem diferença estatística para o grupo controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as amostras envelhecidas e não envelhecidas, entretanto, foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significante no grupo HFSa. (p<0,05). Importância: O tratamento térmico do silano e a limpeza pós-condicionamento com ácido fosfórico não potencializou a resistência de união da cerâmica à resina

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cleaning with phosphoric acid after etching of ceramic and heat treatment of the silane with a stream of hot air on the bond strength of a resin cemente to lithium dissiliacte ceramic submitted to aging. Method: Sixty-four blocks-ceramic lithium silicate (IPS e-max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and composite resin were fabricated (7x8x4mm). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 16) that received the following treatments: HFS (control group): 10% hydrofluoric acid and silane; HFPS: hydrofluoric acid, 37% phosphoric acid and silane; HFSA: hydrofluoric acid and silane heated (45◦C ± 5◦C); HFPSa: hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and heated silane. The specimens were cemented with a dual resin cement, later the specimens were divided into two aging conditions (n = 8): N - no aging and TC: thermocycling, 12,000 x 5◦C - 55◦C. They were submitted to microtensile test in a testing machine with a speed of 0.7 mm / min. Fractured surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode. Statistical data were analyzed by ANOVA with 2 factors and the averages compared by Tukey test (p <0,05). Results: The group HFSa aged showed the highest bond strength (21.49 ± 2.29 MPa), however, without statistical difference for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between aged and non-aged samples, except for, a statistically significant difference in the HFSA group (p <0.05). Significance: The heat treatment of the silane and cleaning after etching with phosphoric acid did not increase the bond strength of ceramic resin

Efeito da limpeza pós-condicionamento e do tratamento térmico do silano na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso à cerâmica / Effect of post-etching cleaning and heat treatment of the silane on the bond strength of a resin cement to ceramic

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da limpeza com ácido fosfórico após condicionamento da cerâmica e do tratamento térmico do silano na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso à cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio submetido ao envelhecimento. Método: Foram confeccionados sessenta e quatro blocos de cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio (IPS e-¬‐max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) e de resina composta (7x8x4mm). Os corpos de prova foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=16) que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: HFS (grupo controle): ácido fluorídrico 10 % e silano; HFPS: ácido fluorídrico, ácido fosfórico 37% e silano; HFSa: ácido fluorídrico e silano aquecido (45◦C ± 5◦C); HFPSa: ácido fluorídrico, ácido fosfórico e silano aquecido. Os espécimes foram cimentados com um cimento resinoso dual, posteriormente os corpos de prova foram divididos em duas condições de envelhecimento (n=8): N - sem envelhecimento e TC: termociclagem 12.000X, 5◦C - 55 ◦C. Foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em uma máquina de testes com velocidade de 0,7mm/min. As superfícies fraturadas foram examinadas para determinar o modo de falha. Os dados estatísticos foram analisados através da Anova de 2 fatores e as médias comparadas por meio do teste Tukey (p< 0.05). Resultados: o grupo HFSa envelhecido apresentou o maior valor de resistência de união (21,49 ± 2,29 MPa), entretanto, sem diferença estatística para o grupo controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as amostras envelhecidas e não envelhecidas, entretanto, foi observada uma diferença estatisticamente significante no grupo HFSa. (p<0,05). Importância: O tratamento térmico do silano e a limpeza pós-condicionamento com ácido fosfórico não potencializou a resistência de união da cerâmica à resina...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cleaning with phosphoric acid after etching of ceramic and heat treatment of the silane with a stream of hot air on the bond strength of a resin cemente to lithium dissiliacte ceramic submitted to aging. Method: Sixty-four blocks-ceramic lithium silicate (IPS e-max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and composite resin were fabricated (7x8x4mm). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 16) that received the following treatments: HFS (control group): 10% hydrofluoric acid and silane; HFPS: hydrofluoric acid, 37% phosphoric acid and silane; HFSA: hydrofluoric acid and silane heated (45◦C ± 5◦C); HFPSa: hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and heated silane. The specimens were cemented with a dual resin cement, later the specimens were divided into two aging conditions (n = 8): N - no aging and TC: thermocycling, 12,000 x 5◦C - 55◦C. They were submitted to microtensile test in a testing machine with a speed of 0.7 mm / min. Fractured surfaces were examined to determine the failure mode. Statistical data were analyzed by ANOVA with 2 factors and the averages compared by Tukey test (p <0,05). Results: The group HFSa aged showed the highest bond strength (21.49 ± 2.29 MPa), however, without statistical difference for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between aged and non-aged samples, except for, a statistically significant difference in the HFSA group (p <0.05). Significance: The heat treatment of the silane and cleaning after etching with phosphoric acid did not increase the bond strength of ceramic resin...

Color degradation of acrylic resin denture teeth as a function of liquid diet: ultraviolet-visible reflection analysis.

The effect of different beverages on acrylic resin denture teeth color degradation is evaluated. Ten acrylic resin denture teeth brands were evaluated: Art Plus (AP), Biolux (BX), Biotone IPN (BI), Magister (MG), Mondial 6 (MD), Premium 6 (PR), SR Vivodent PE (SR), Trilux (TR), Trubyte Biotone (TB), and Vipi Dent Plus (VP). Teeth were immersed in staining solutions (coffee, cola, and orange juice) or artificial saliva (control) (n=6) for 1, 7, 15, or 30 days. Specimen colors were evaluated spectrophotometrically based on the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage L*a*b* system. Color differences (ΔE) were calculated between the baseline and post-staining results. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05). BI (1.82 ± 0.95) and TR (1.78 ± 0.72) teeth exhibited the greatest ΔE values, while BX (0.88 ± 0.43) and MD (1.09 ± 0.44) teeth were the lowest, regardless of solution and measurement period, and were different from BI and TR teeth (P < 0.05). Cola and coffee promoted higher denture teeth color alterations than orange juice and saliva (P < 0.05). Saliva generated the lowest denture teeth color alterations. Greater immersion times caused higher denture teeth color changes. The lifespan of removable dentures and the aesthetic satisfaction of several edentulous patients may be increased with the use of stain-resistant artificial denture teeth.