ABSTRACT
Background: An ancient text on plant life Vrikshayurveda mentions the use of horticulture treatments, Kunapa Jala (KJ) and Panchagavya (PG) (cow milk, cow ghee, cow curd, cow dung, and cow urine) to enhance the efficiency of plants. Aim: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of KJ and PG application on total leaf area, leaf area index (LAI) leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR); production of andrographolide (A1), neoandrographolide (A2), and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (A3) of the Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with six treatments, namely control, KJ, PG, farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizer, and humic acid. Simultaneous detection of contents was carried out using reversed-phase-ultra-flow liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC). The parameters were studied at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing (DAS). Results: KJ produced higher leaf area and LAI at 90 DAS, LAD between 90 and 120 DAS. PG produced higher CGR, RGR, and NAR between 60 and 90 DAS. RP-UFLC analysis revealed the maximum amount of ingredients at 120 DAS. At this stage, PG treatment recorded the maximum amount of A1, A2, and A3. Conclusion: Kunapa Jala and Panchagavya treatments were better or at par on physiological parameters and production of diterpenoids of A. paniculata.
ABSTRACT
The study evaluates the effect of two traditional horticulture treatments mentioned in Vrikshayurveda, a text from ancient India on the science of plant life, namely Kunapa jala (KJ) and Pancha gavya (PG) on the production of Withaferin A (WFA), withanolide A (WIA) and Withanolide B (WIB) in Withania somnifera (L) Dunal. Leaves and roots of W. somnifera were collected from different treated groups viz. control, KJ, PG, farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). Reverse phase ultra-flow liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) method was developed, validated for simultaneous detection of WFA, WIA and WIB. Statistical analysis of data was performed by ANOVA and tested for significance by the Dunnett multiple comparison test and data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results revealed, leaves possessed highest WFA content and roots possessed highest content of WIA and WIB. PG treated leaves were observed highest WFA (18.29 mg/g) and roots were observed highest WIA (19.63 mg/g) and WIB (1.36 mg/g). Conclusively, RP-UFLC method for simultaneous detection of withanolides has been developed and validated to evaluate the effect of traditional horticulture treatments. It is concluded that the enhanced production of withanolides can be achieved by the application of PG when compared to NPK application.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, Reverse-Phase/methods , Withania/chemistry , Withanolides/analysis , Agriculture/methods , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , India , Limit of Detection , Linear Models , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vrikshayurveda, an ancient science of plant life described by Surapala, deals with healthy growth and productivity of plants, which has clearly outlined a systematized agricultural practice that insisted the use of Kunapa jala (KJ) and Pancha gavya (PG). OBJECTIVE: An experiment was conducted to validate KJ and PG by nutrient analysis and their effect on the germination parameters of Ashwagandha and Kalamegha seeds in comparison with other treatment groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: KJ and PG were prepared according to the classical references. The nutrient contents and germination parameters of KJ and PG were compared with other groups namely control (Contr), farmyard manure (FYM), humic acid (HA) and NPK. RESULTS: The pH and EC were 5.793, 2.653 dS/m and 5.584, 2.216 dS/m for KJ and PG respectively. KJ possess highest nutrient contents followed by PG. The germination parameters revealed the better activity of NPK followed by KJ, PG, HA, FYM and Contr. CONCLUSION: KJ and PG were found to be good in nutrient contents and were found to be effective on studied germination parameters of Ashwagandha and Kalamegha seeds.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: 'Vrikshayurveda', an ancient science of plant life described by Surapala, has clearly outlined a systematized agricultural practice that insisted on the use of Kunapa jala (KJ) and Pancha gavya (PG) to enhance the yield and quality of plants. OBJECTIVE: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of KJ and PG on growth, physiological, biochemical, quality attributes and yield of Withania somnifera Dun. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of KJ and PG was evaluated in comparison with control, organic (farmyard manure and humic acid) and inorganic (NPK) fertilizer at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after sowing (DAS). The study was conducted in randomized complete block design method. RESULTS: KJ group were higher in, total leaf area (1707.89 cm2) at 120 DAS, leaf area index (3.795) at 120 DAS, crop growth rate (0.256 g m-2 day-1) at 60-90 DAS, leaf area duration (101.909) at 120-150 DAS, relative growth rate (0.0170 g g-1 day-1) at 60-90 DAS, net assimilation rate (0.0537 g m-2 day-1) at 60-90 DAS. Leaf area ratio was higher in PG group (37.937 m2 g-1) at 60 DAS. The higher levels of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were in KJ group (1.877, 0.745 and 1318.14 mg g-1 respectively) at 90 DAS. Yield and quality attributes at harvest (150 DAS) indicated, higher dry root yield (5.93 quintal hectare-1), root length (15.66 cm) were higher in KJ group and root diameter was higher in PG group (1.36 cm). CONCLUSION: Vrikshayurveda practices viz. Kunapa jala and Pancha gavya were effective on studied parameters of W. somnifera. Economical and eco-friendly Vrikhayurveda practices can be initiated for sustainable agriculture.
