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1.
CJC Open ; 4(3): 324-336, 2022 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34977521

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic response to healthcare delivery on outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study performed in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada (population 979,499), between the pre-COVID (March 1, 2017-March 16, 2020) and in-COVID (March 17, 2020-December 31, 2020) periods. Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with new-onset or existing cardiovascular disease were included for comparison between periods. The main outcome measures included the following: cardiovascular emergency department visits or hospitalizations, mortality, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. RESULTS: In the first month of the in-COVID period, emergency department visits (n = 51,750) for cardiac symptoms decreased by 20.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0%-27.0%, P < 0.001). Cardiovascular hospitalizations (n = 20,609) declined by 48.1% (95% CI 40.4% to 54.9%, P < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate increased in patients with cardiovascular admissions in secondary care institutions by 55.1% (95% CI 10.1%-118%, P = 0.013). A decline of 20.4%-44.0% occurred in cardiovascular surgical/interventional procedures. The number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (n = 5528) increased from a monthly mean of 115 ± 15 to 136 ± 14, beginning in May 2020. Mortality for ambulatory patients awaiting cardiac intervention (n = 14,083) increased from 0.16% (n = 12,501) to 2.49% (n = 361) in the in-COVID period (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during restrictions maintained during the COVID-19 period, in an area with a low burden of COVID-19. As the healthcare system recovers or enters subsequent waves of COVID-19, these findings should inform communication to the public regarding cardiovascular symptoms, and policy for delivery of cardiovascular care.


CONTEXTE: Cette étude visait à déterminer les répercussions de la réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19 sur la prestation des soins de santé et son incidence sur les résultats obtenus par les patients atteints d'une maladie cardiovasculaire. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Il s'agit d'une étude de cohorte représentative de la population réalisée dans la province de la Nouvelle-Écosse, au Canada (population de 979 499 habitants), entre la période précédant le début de la pandémie de COVID-19 (du 1er mars 2017 au 16 mars 2020) et la période de pandémie (du 17 mars 2020 au 31 décembre 2020). Des patients adultes (âge ≥ 18 ans) atteints d'une maladie cardiovasculaire préexistante ou d'apparition récente ont été inclus pour la comparaison entre les périodes. Les principaux paramètres d'évaluation comprenaient les visites ou hospitalisations dans un service d'urgences cardiovasculaires, la mortalité et l'arrêt cardiaque en milieu extrahospitalier. RÉSULTATS: Au cours du premier mois de la période de pandémie, les visites aux services des urgences (n = 51 750) pour des symptômes cardiaques ont diminué de 20,8 % (intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 14,0 % ­ 27,0 %, p < 0,001). Les hospitalisations en raison d'un événement cardiovasculaire (n = 20 609) ont décliné de 48,1 % (IC à 95 % : 40,4 % ­ 54,9 %, p < 0,001). Le taux de mortalité hospitalière parmi les patients admis dans des établissements de soins secondaires a augmenté de 55,1 % (IC à 95 % : 10,1 % ­ 118 %, p = 0,013). Une baisse de 20,4 à 44,0 % du nombre d'interventions chirurgicales ou interventionnelles visant à prendre en charge un événement cardiovasculaire a également été enregistrée. Le nombre d'arrêts cardiaques survenus en milieu extrahospitalier (n = 5 528) est passé d'une moyenne mensuelle de 115 ± 15 à 136 ± 14, à compter de mai 2020. La mortalité des patients ambulatoires en attente d'une intervention cardiaque (n = 14 083) a augmenté, passant de 0,16 % (n = 12 501) à 2,49 % (n = 361) pendant la période de pandémie (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSIONS: Cette étude révèle une augmentation de la morbidité et de la mortalité cardiovasculaires durant le maintien des restrictions liées à la COVID-19 dans une région où le fardeau associé à cette maladie est faible. À mesure que le système de santé se rétablit ou affronte les vagues subséquentes de COVID-19, ces résultats devraient éclairer les communications au public concernant les symptômes cardiovasculaires et orienter la politique de prestation de soins cardiovasculaires.

2.
Can J Surg ; 61(2): 99-104, 2018 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29582745

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is evolving rapidly and is increasingly being adopted in the treatment of aortic valve disease. The goal of this study was to examine regional differences in surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and TAVI across Atlantic Canada. METHODS: We identified all patients who underwent SAVR or TAVI between Jan. 1, 2010, and Dec. 31, 2014, in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador. Data obtained included patient demographic characteristics and surgical procedure details. We performed univariate descriptive analyses and calculated crude and age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates. RESULTS: A total of 3042 patients underwent SAVR or TAVI during the study period, 1491 in Nova Scotia, 1042 in New Brunswick and 509 in Newfoundland and Labrador. Patient demographic characteristics were similar across regions. A much higher proportion of patients in Newfoundland and Labrador (43.6%) than in Nova Scotia (4.2%) or New Brunswick (13.6%) received a mechanical versus a bioprosthetic valve. Rates of TAVI increased over the study period, with New Brunswick adopting their program before Nova Scotia (144 v. 74 procedures). Adjusted rates of all AVR procedures remained stable in Nova Scotia (40-50 per 100 000 people). Adjusted rates were lower in New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador than in Nova Scotia; they increased slowly in New Brunswick over the study period. CONCLUSION: Despite geographical proximity and similar patient demographic characteristics, there existed regional differences in the management of aortic valve disease within Atlantic Canada. Further study is required to determine whether the observed differences in age- and sex-adjusted rates of AVR may be explained by geographical disease-related differences, varying practice patterns or barriers in access to care.


CONTEXTE: Le remplacement valvulaire aortique par cathéter, une méthode en pleine évolution, est de plus en plus utilisé pour le traitement des valvulopathies aortiques. Cette étude visait à examiner les différences régionales quant au remplacement valvulaire aortique par cathéter ou par chirurgie dans les provinces de l'Atlantique. MÉTHODES: Nous avons recensé tous les patients ayant subi un remplacement valvulaire aortique entre le 1er janvier 2010 et le 31 décembre 2014 au Nouveau-Brunswick, en Nouvelle-Écosse et à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. Nous avons recueilli des données sur les caractéristiques démographiques des patients et les interventions chirurgicales, puis nous avons réalisé une analyse descriptive univariée et avons calculé les taux d'incidence bruts et corrigés selon l'âge et le sexe. RÉSULTATS: En tout, 3042 patients ont subi un remplacement valvulaire aortique par cathéter ou par chirurgie pendant la période à l'étude : 1491 en Nouvelle-Écosse, 1042 au Nouveau-Brunswick et 509 à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. Les caractéristiques démographiques des patients étaient semblables d'une région à l'autre. La proportion des patients recevant une prothèse mécanique plutôt qu'une bioprothèse était beaucoup plus élevée à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador (43,6 %) qu'en Nouvelle-Écosse (4,2 %) ou au Nouveau-Brunswick (13,6 %). Les taux de remplacement par cathéter ont augmenté au cours de la période à l'étude; le Nouveau-Brunswick a adopté un programme à ce sujet avant la Nouvelle-Écosse (144 c. 74 interventions). Les taux corrigés pour tous les remplacements étaient stables en Nouvelle-Écosse (40-50 par 100 000 habitants); ils étaient plus faibles au Nouveau-Brunswick et à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, mais ont augmenté lentement au Nouveau-Brunswick pendant la période à l'étude. CONCLUSION: Malgré la proximité géographique des provinces de l'Atlantique et les caractéristiques démographiques semblables des patients, il existait des différences dans la prise en charge des valvulopathies aortiques. D'autres études seront nécessaires pour déterminer si les variations dans les taux de remplacement corrigés selon l'âge et le sexe pourraient s'expliquer par des différences géographiques dans le nombre de cas, des différences dans les pratiques ou des obstacles à l'accès aux soins.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve/surgery , Bioprosthesis/statistics & numerical data , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/statistics & numerical data , Heart Valve Prosthesis/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/statistics & numerical data
3.
J Heart Valve Dis ; 15(1): 115-21, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16480022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Although retrospective reviews evaluating the surgical management of infective endocarditis (IE) have been conducted in Europe and in the USA, few data exist regarding management of the condition in Canada. The study aim was to evaluate the surgical management of individuals with culture-positive active IE at a Canadian tertiary care university hospital. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 74 patients (53 males, 21 females; mean age 56 +/- 14 years) with a preoperative diagnosis of acute IE between 1995 and 2003 at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Preoperative clinical variables evaluated included the Duke criteria for endocarditis, correlation between preoperative echocardiographic imaging and intraoperative findings, and postoperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Native valve endocarditis (NVE) was present in 60 patients, and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) in 14. All patients met the Duke criteria for endocarditis. Correlation between preoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and surgical findings (vegetations 63%, abscesses 96%, leaflet perforation 100%) was superior when compared with preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (vegetations 43%, abscesses 75%, leaflet perforation 89%). There were low rates of postoperative morbidity (reoperation 8%, stroke 5%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 14% (seven NVE, 12%; three PVE, 21%). CONCLUSION: Herein is presented the largest and most current case series of patients treated surgically for active IE. The results demonstrate excellent agreement between preoperative TEE and intraoperative surgical findings in the current era of surgical management of this condition.


Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/surgery , Heart Valve Diseases/microbiology , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Adult , Aged , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Canada , Echocardiography , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Female , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/surgery , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/surgery , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Heart Valve Prosthesis/microbiology , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnostic imaging , Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology , Research Design , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery
6.
J Extra Corpor Technol ; 35(1): 6-12, 2003 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12680489

ABSTRACT

A new generation of coating extracorporeal circuitry with biocompatible polymers has entered the North American perfusion market. This new biomimetic coating process uses synthetic phosphorylcholine (PC) containing polymers to bond covalently to the surface of the Sorin Monolyth oxygenator, under the brand name of Mimesys. In part one of a three-part investigation, 160 Mimesys-coated oxygenators were randomly evaluated against 36 uncoated oxygenators for blood flow, hemodynamic resistance, and pressure differentials. In part two, retrospective analysis of platelet data collected in this study was compared with platelet data collected from a previous investigation using uncoated Monolyth oxygenators with albumin and crystalloid perfusates. Part three examined the risk-adjusted clinical outcomes of 71 patients treated with Mimesys-coated oxygenators, compared with 71 case-matched patients treated with uncoated oxygenators. There was no difference found in the Mimesys-coated group, when compared to the control group, with regard to pressure differentials or hemodynamic resistance. However, we conclude that platelet protection with PC-coated Monolyth's using crystalloid perfusates, was similar to platelet protection with albumin perfusates, and significantly better than uncoated Monolyths using crystalloid perfusates.


Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Bypass/instrumentation , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology , Oxygenators , Phosphorylcholine , Polymers , Adult , Canada , Extracorporeal Circulation , Humans , Platelet Count , Retrospective Studies , United States
8.
Am J Transplant ; 2(3): 207-14, 2002 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12096782

ABSTRACT

Chronic rejection is the leading cause of late graft loss following solid organ transplantation and is characterized by a vasculopathy referred to as allograft arteriosclerosis. While the etiology of allograft arteriosclerosis remains unknown, it has been hypothesized that migration of donor medial smooth muscle cells into the intimal compartment is responsible for the formation of the occlusive lesion (neointima). In this study we have used aortic interposition grafts between fully histoincompatible rat strains (Brown Norway and Lewis) to investigate the origin of the neointimal cells. Three transplant paradigms were used: BN to Lew, Lew to BN and BN to Lew with immunosuppression. Neointimal cells were isolated from aortic transplant tissue through an EDTA wash/mechanical stripping technique. We have developed polymerase chain reaction primers to the MHC1 allele that are specific to each rat strains' DNA. Polymerase chain reaction analysis, using the strain-specific primers and purified neointimal cell DNA from transplanted aortic tissue from all three experimental groups, demonstrated that the neointimal cells are of recipient, and not donor origin.


Subject(s)
Aorta/transplantation , Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology , Transplantation, Homologous/pathology , Tunica Intima/pathology , Animals , Aorta/immunology , Aorta/pathology , Arteriosclerosis/pathology , Base Sequence , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , DNA Primers , Disease Models, Animal , Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Major Histocompatibility Complex , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Rats , Rats, Inbred BN , Rats, Inbred Lew , Sequence Alignment , Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
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