ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although considerable progress has been made over the last decades, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mortality rates have remarkably increased in the Brazilian Amazon region. Here, we employed temporal analysis to determine the impact of public policies on the HIV epidemic in the state of Pará, Brazil, which has the second highest HIV incidence rate in the Amazon region. DESIGN AND METHODS: This is an ecological study conducted in the state of Pará, employing secondary data of HIV/AIDS cases notified to the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, 2007-2018. The following epidemiological variables were collected: year of notification, municipality of residence, age, sex, education, exposure category, and HIV/AIDS diagnostic criteria. The study population was composed of 21,504 HIV/AIDS cases. The HIV/AIDS incidence rates were analyzed employing the temporal trend analysis (TTA) followed by the chi-square test and residue analysis to determine the association between the epidemiological variables and time series periods. RESULTS: A total of 50% of the notifications were composed of AIDS cases. TTA identified two periods in HIV/AIDS incidence, with stabilization of cases in the first period (G1, 2007-2012) and an upward trend in the second period (G2, 2012-2018). The most prevalent epidemiological characteristics in G2 (versus G1) were as follows: young people, brown skin color, higher schooling, and homosexuals. CONCLUSIONS: Public policy to control HIV infection in the Brazilian Amazon region has been partially effective. HIV screening tests and treatment should be made widely available to eradicate HIV infection in the Amazon region by 2030.
ABSTRACT
La construcción de una tecnología de educación en la salud para el envejecimiento objetiva destinar a los ancianos hospitalizados y sus familias acompañantes, el aprendizaje del auto cuidado en el mantenimiento de la vida activa, en cualquier circunstancia de salud/enfermedad. Marco conceptual y metodología en base a las concepciones de Orem, Freire y Merhy, el estudio se desarrolla en una unidad hospitalaria de medicina general del hospital general. La enfermera desarrolla la educación aquí en el ámbito de la unidad, abordando las cuestiones del cuidado emergidas como necesarias y el ahora en un momento cuando es posible reunir a dos o más participantes. La educación grupal sigue las etapas: compartimiento de percepciones, conocimientos y cuestiones; articulación de las cuestiones levantadas para los conocimientos populares y profesionales; discusión de las opciones de enfrentamiento; síntesis grupal de una nueva toma de conciencia. Como resultado se verificó que es posible desarrollar la educación en grupo en el ámbito hospitalario y cuyo producto final se revierta en beneficio del anciano hospitalizado que regresa a su hogar después del alta, mejor instrumentalizado para el auto cuidado en su vida diaria; y su familia es acogida como cliente y no como una simple acompañante
The objective of this study was to develop a socio-educational action group that could awake the elderly and their relatives to the perception and comprehension of the value for self-care, as an essential part for maintaining one autonomous and active life, as a way to keep the quality of life while aging and according to any circumstances in the sickness-health process. The theoretical and methodological references adopted to support the study were based upon the concepts of Orem's self-care theory and the educational concepts of Paulo Freire. The study resulted in the construction of a socio-educational program for the action group called Here and Now Group. In other words, a Merhy´s light technology for care was implanted, focusing on health-care education as it is applied through nursing and its development arose together with hospitalized geriatric patients and their relatives. It was observed that the health-care education group efforts presented positive and noticeable results within the hospital. Such results have favored the importance placed on transforming self-care behavior into autonomous, independent and interdependent behaviors, all of them quite necessary for a healthier life, mainly in the case of geriatric patients and family member care (AU)
