Wiskot-Aldrich syndrome-like lower expressed in colon cancer tissues and inhibited the stemness of human colon cancer / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the expression of Wiskot￣Aldrich syndrome-like(WASL)in colon cancer tissues and its function on colon cancer stemness. Methods The UALCAN database was used to analyze the expression of WASL in colon cancer tissues and its correlation among the gender, lymphnode stage and metastasis in colon cancer patients. Immunohistofluorescence and immunocyte fluorescence were used to verify the date from UALCAN. Western blotting was used to detect the expression and transfection efficiency of WASL in human normal colorectal mucosal cells (FHC cells) and colon cancer cells HCT-116, SW-480. Sphere formation assay and colony formation were used to detect the effect of WASL on the stemness of colon cancer. Hypoxia assay, serum deprivation, drug resistance assay were used to detect the stemness of colon cancer cells. Results WASL was lower expressed in colon cancer tissues (P<0. 05). WASL was lower expressed in colon cancer tissues than peri-cancer tissues. WASL was obviously lower expressed in HCT-116 and SW-480 than FHC cells. WASL overexpression stable cells were constructed suscessfully in HCT-116 and SW-480.Real-time PCR showed WASL obviously down-regulated the expression of cancer stemcells (CSCs) related markers [octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), Lin28, krüppel-like factor (KLF)]. Sphere formation assay and colony formation assay showed WASL could inhibited the sphere formation and colony formation. Hypoxia assay and serum deprivation showed WASL inhibited the resistance of cancer cells to hypoxia and serum deprivation. Drug resistance assay showed WASL inhibit the resistance of cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil(5-FU). Conclusion WASL is lower expressed in colon cancer tissues and cells, and is related with poor prognosis of colon cancer. Overexpression of WASL can inhibit the stemness of colon cancer cells.

Unraveling the Mechanisms of the Excited-State Intermolecular Proton Transfer (ESPT) for a D-π-A Molecular Architecture.

Precise revealing the mechanisms of excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESPT) and the corresponding geometrical relaxation upon photoexcitation and photoionization remains a formidable challenge. In this work, the compound (E)-4-(((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (TIMDP) adopting a D-π-A molecular architecture featuring a significant intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect has been designed. With the presence of perchloric acid (35 %), TIMDP can be dissolved through the formation of a HClO4 -H2 O-OH(TIMDP)-N(TIMDP) hydrogen-bonding bridge. At the ground state, the ICT effect is dominant, giving birth to crystals of TIMDP. Upon external stimuli (e.g., UV light irradiation, electro field), the excited state is achieved, which weakens the ICT effect, and significantly promotes the ESPT effect along the hydrogen-bonding bridge, resulting in crystals of [HTIMDP]+ ⋅[H2 O]⋅[ClO4 ]- . As a consequence, the mechanisms of the ESPT can be investigated, which distorted the D-π-A molecular architecture, tuned the emission color with the largest Stokes shift of 242 nm, and finally, high photoluminescence quantum yields (12 %) and long fluorescence lifetimes (8.6 µs) have achieved. These results not only provide new insight into ESPT mechanisms, but also open a new avenue for the design of efficient ESPT emitters.

Porous High-Valence Metal-Organic Framework Featuring Open Coordination Sites for Effective Water Adsorption.

The design and preparation of a porous high-valence metal-organic framework (MOF) featuring open coordination sites are of utmost importance for the development of adsorbent materials. Here in this work, the three-dimensional (3D) high-valence MOF [Er(dcbp)3/2(DMF)(H2O)2]·2H2O (HV-MOF-1; H2dcbp = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), which possesses permanent porosity and two open coordination sites, has been prepared and characterized. In the 3D framework, the dcbp molecules display two different bridging styles, resulting in ordered diamondlike pores with bared carboxyl oxygen and pyridine nitrogen atoms on dcbp exposed directly to the pores, generating hydrophilic characteristics and high water affinity. In addition, the open coordination sites act as arms to fix the adsorbed water molecules, providing high water adsorption capacity (5.95 mmol g-1) and selectivity. More importantly, the activated HV-MOF-1 species shows an energy-saving step for recycling (operation under 120 °C), demonstrating promise as a candidate for an adsorbent material with considerable water adsorption-desorption cycles.

Ultralarge Dielectric Relaxation and Self-Recovery Triggered by Hydrogen-Bonded Polar Components.

Subtle integration of rotatable polar components into dielectric crystals can contribute significantly to adjustable switching temperatures ( Ts) and dielectric relaxation behaviors. Currently, one of the biggest challenges lies in the design of optimal polar components with moderate motion resistance in a crystalline system. In this work, we demonstrate that under refrigerator conditions, rotatable hydrogen-bonded one-dimensional (1D) cationic chains, {[C2H6N5]+} n (C2H6N5 = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolinium), and two-dimensional (2D) anionic layers, {[(H2O)2·SO4]2-} n, can be generated in an organic salt, 3 ([C2H6N5]2·[(H2O)2·SO4]). Compared with the nonhydrated precursor, 2 ([C2H7N5]·[SO4]), the rotation of these 1D and 2D ionic species triggers a reversible phase transition and dielectric switching in 3. In addition, the significantly sluggish rotation of the 1D cationic chains from parallel to unparallel stacking and the counter-clockwise rotation of the 2D anionic layers, compared with their reverse processes, induce a frequency-dependent dielectric response with a more highly adjustable heating Ts↑ than the cooling Ts↓. More importantly, 3 possesses excellent self-recovery ability attributed to the highly dynamic character of the hydrogen-bonded ionic species. The strategy here can provide a fairly good model for designing dielectric crystals with desired rotatable polar components.

Atomically Thin Two-Dimensional Nanosheets with Tunable Spin-Crossover Properties.

Combining the fascinating advantages of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets with the nanostructuration of spin-crossover (SCO) materials represents an attractive target of controlled fabrication of SCO nano-objects at the device level. Here, we demonstrate that through facile-operating ultrasonic force-assisted liquid exfoliation technology the three-dimensional (3D) van der Waals SCO bulk precursor {[Fe(1,3-bpp)2(NCS)2]2 (1, 1,3-bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)-propane)} can be exfoliated into single-layered 2D nanosheets (NS-1). As a consequence, the magnetism has been tuned from complete paramagnetic (bulk precursors) to SCO transition at around 250 K (2D nanosheets). In addition, the metal-to-ligand charge transition (MLCT), the intraligand π-π* transition and the color display also have been altered both in colloidal suspension and in the solid state. These dramatic changes of physical-chemical properties at different forms and states can be attributed to the efficient cooperativity derived from the interlayer van der Waals interactions within the curly or vertically stacked 2D building blocks.

Single-Layered Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets as an in Situ Visual Test Paper for Solvents.

Through a facile-operating ultrasonic force-assisted liquid exfoliation technology, the single-layered two-dimensional (2D) [Co(CNS)2(pyz)2] n (pyz = pyrazine) nanosheets, with a thickness of sub-1.0 nm, have been prepared from the bulk precursors. The atomically thickness and the presence of abundant sulfur atoms with high electronegativity arrayed on the double surfaces of the sheets are making this kind of 2D MOF (metal-organic framework) nanosheets highly sensitive to intermolecular interactions. As a result, it can be well dispersed in all kinds of solvents to give a stable colloidal suspension that can be maintained for at least one month, accompanied by significant solvatochromic behavior and various optical properties, which thus have shown the potential to be practically applicated as in situ visual test paper for solvent identification and solvent polarity measurements. More importantly, combined with a smartphone, this kind of 2D-MOF nanosheets can be developed into in situ visual test paper to identify isomers and determine the polarity of mixed solvents quantitatively and qualitatively, suggesting the promising application of a portable, economical, and in situ visual test strategy in real world.

Bidirectional Photoswitching via Alternating NIR and UV Irradiation on a Core-Shell UCNP-SCO Nanosphere.

Bidirectional photoswitching of molecular materials under ambient condition is of significant importance. Herein, we present for the first time that a core-shell UCNP-SCO nanosphere (UCNP = upconversion nanophosphor, SCO = spin crossover), which was composed of a UCNP core (NaYF4: 20 mol % Yb3+, 1 mol % Er3+) and an SCO iron(II) shell ([Fe(H2Bpz)2(bipy-COOH)], H2Bpz = dihydrobis(1-pyrazolyl)borate, bipy-COOH = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine), can be reversibly photoswitched between the high-spin and low-spin states at room temperature in the solid state, via alternating irradiation with near-infrared (λ = 980 nm) and ultraviolet (λ = 310 nm) light. What's more, this reversible spin-state switching was accompanied by a variation of fluorescent spectrum and dielectric constants. The strategy here, that is, integrating the SCO iron(II) complex into a UCNP-SCO nanosphere for molecular photoswitching, may open a new area in the development of photocontrolled molecular devices.

Thermal-Induced Dielectric Switching with 40K Wide Hysteresis Loop Near Room Temperature.

A thermal-induced dielectric switching has been realized in two ion-pair crystal [C2H6N5]+·[H2PO4]- (1, C2H6N5 = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolinium) through single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition (SCSC-PT). Upon cooling from room temperature, the 1D cation stripes that are composed of [C2H5N5]+ cations have undergone a 90° sharp rotation around the c axis, accompanied by the transition of crystal stacking from loose unparallel (dynamic state) to compression parallel (static state) and reorientation of dipoles on the [C2H5N5]+ cation, which thus resulted in high dielectric state to low dielectric state transformation. While on the warming run, the reverse process was rather sluggish, resulting in a reversible dielectric switching with ultralarge (about 40K wide) hysteresis loop near room temperature. It is thought that the large-sized polar cation stripes have a predominant influence on the switching properties of 1.

Binding CO2 from Air by a Bulky Organometallic Cation Containing Primary Amines.

The organometallic cation 1 (Fe(bipy-NH2)32+, bipy-NH2 = 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine), which was constructed in situ in solution, can bind CO2 from air effectively with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:4 (1/CO2), through the formation of "H-bonded CO2" species: [CO2-OH-CO2]- and [CO2-CO2-OH]-. These two species, along with the captured individual CO2 molecules, connected 1 into a novel 3D (three-dimensional) architecture, that was crystal 1·2(OH-)·4(CO2). The adsorption isotherms, recycling investigations, and the heat capacity of 1 have been investigated; the results revealed that the organometallic cation 1 can be recycled at least 10 times for the real-world CO2 capture applications. The strategies presented here may provide new hints for the development of new alkanolamine-related absorbents or technologies for CO2 capture and sequestration.

A dosimetric and treatment efficiency evaluation of stereotactic body radiation therapy for peripheral lung cancer using flattening filter free beams.

To investigate potential dosimetric benefits and treatment efficiency of dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCA), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and double partial arcs Rapidarc (RA) techniques in the treatment of early-stage peripheral lung cancer using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with flattening filter free (FFF) beams. Twenty early-stage peripheral lung cancer patients were selected. For each patient, DCA, IMRT and RA plans were created to meet Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0915 objectives with 48 Gy covering 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) in 4 fractions. PTV coverage, organs at risk (OARs) doses, planning time, monitor units (MU) and treatment time were evaluated. RA was significantly better than DCA for PTV coverage. RA provided a lower V32Gy to chest wall and less V20Gy to lung over those of DCA and IMRT. For other OARs, there is no significant difference among all three techniques. DCA plans showed significantly less planning time, shorter treatment time and lower MU number than those of RA and IMRT. RA provides a superior dosimetric benefit to DCA and IMRT in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer using SBRT with FFF beams. Considering the MU number, planning time and treatment efficiency, DCA technique is an effective treatment strategy.