Beyond Men's Experiences: Scale Development and Psychometric Testing of the Fitness in Nursing Scale-Men (FiNS-M).

Background and Purpose: Men believe they are perceived as unfit for nursing. No scales exist to measure perceptions of men's fitness for nursing. Additionally, women have been largely excluded from this area of inquiry. This study's purpose was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Fitness in Nursing Scale for Men. Methods: Six hundred thirty-five nurses participated. Scale development entailed concept clarification, item development, and scale testing. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure (F1: nursing fitness and F2: strengths of men in nursing) which demonstrated good model fit, root mean square error of approximation = .059, 90% CI (.056, .063), standardized root mean square residual = .055, comparative fit index = .932, Tucker-Lewis index = .927, and ωt = .98. Invariance held. Latent means were not significantly different for women (M = 5.90) compared with men (M = 5.92). Conclusions: Findings suggest men are perceived as fit for nursing, but results are inconsistent with men's qualitative experiences. Future research should attempt to reconcile the disagreement. Findings can inform cultural awareness strategies in the workplace and classroom.

Nursing practice in modern healthcare environments: A systematic review of attributes, characteristics, and demonstrations.

AIM: To identify Attributes, Characteristics and Demonstrations of nursing practice from both nurses' and people perspectives in today's healthcare environments. A secondary aim was to identify relevant differences between female and male nurses in the context of ACDs. DESIGN: This systematic review was informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Convergent Integrated Approach to Mixed Study Systematic Reviews. METHODS: The search included articles ranging from the years 2000 to 2023 across 10 electronic databases and multiple grey literature outlets. McMaster critical review forms and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were used to appraise article quality. The Convergent Integrated Approach to Mixed Study Systematic Reviews was used to guide data synthesis. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included in this review, 13 qualitative, five quantitative and two mixed-methods studies. Three themes emerged, including knowledge, practice skills and interpersonal relationships. Differences in Attributes, Characteristics and Demonstrations of professional practice between women and men in nursing were also explored. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that evolving healthcare environments challenge nurses to remain focused on patient-centred and compassionate care. The review also supports nurses caring in a manner that empowers people, increases well-being, and reduces suffering. IMPACT: Identified characteristics and attributes of nursing practice, including emphasis on continuous learning, interpersonal relationships and compassion, have a profound impact on nursing. Nurses should remain adaptable, compassionate and patient-focused in an ever-evolving healthcare environment. These foundational care principles are necessary for improving patient outcomes, enhancing trust between people and healthcare providers, and increasing inclusivity and diversity in the nursing workforce. WIDER GLOBAL COMMUNITY: Nurses worldwide should strive to embody these attributes to provide high-quality, patient-centred care in an inclusive environment in today's demanding healthcare environment. Gender-specific differences in the perception and expression of professional Attributes, Characteristics and Demonstrations can inform inclusion and diversity efforts in the workplace. REPORTING METHOD: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No Patient or Public Contribution.

Fatigue, Stress, and Blood Pressure Medication Adherence by Race After Myocardial Infarction.

Fatigue and stress may affect medication adherence. This study explored fatigue, stress, and blood pressure (BP) medication adherence in Black and White adults (N= 152) who had experienced a myocardial infarction. Over half of the sample (55%) reported fatigue as moderate to severe. The regression model explained up to 40% of the variance (p < .001) with fatigue and race significantly predicting adherence. Black participants reported fatigue causing distress (r =.40), and White participants reported greater association of fatigue severity-related BP medication adherence (r =.49). Our findings support considering racial differences when evaluating fatigue associated with BP medication adherence.

Symptom experiences in hypertension: a mixed methods systematic review.

AIM: Understanding patients' hypertension (HTN) symptoms can assist healthcare professionals' awareness of individual, cultural, and behavioral responses and improve diagnostic accuracy to optimize treatment. The purpose of this review was to evaluate and synthesize current literature exploring HTN symptoms. METHODS: Databases searched included MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2010 to January 2022. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The McMaster critical review forms were used to determine the quality of both qualitative and quantitative articles. Synthesis of the data was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Convergent Integrated Approach to Mixed Study Systematic Reviews. RESULTS: In total, 41 articles were included, nine qualitative studies and 32 quantitative. The quality of the articles varied. Symptoms included commonly reported symptoms and some less prevalent, including some reporting absence of symptoms. Factors that affected symptoms included culture, beliefs, psychosocial factors, and knowledge. We also found that there may be a bidirectional relationship between symptoms and behaviors that may lead to self-management. CONCLUSION: HTN is common and symptoms are frequently reported. HTN management is related to multiple factors. Symptoms continue in a number of individuals after initial diagnosis. Evaluating symptoms after initial diagnosis may help to optimally manage and meet blood pressure guidelines.

Factors Associated With Myocardial Infarction Reoccurrence.

BACKGROUND: As recurrent myocardial infarctions (MIRs) constitute almost a third of the annual incidence of myocardial infarction, identifying the traditional and novel variables related to MIR is important. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine modifiable cardiac risks, adiposity, symptoms associated with inflammation (fatigue, depression, sleep) and inflammatory cytokines, and MIR by sex and race. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, we recruited a convenience sample of adults (N = 156) discharged with first myocardial infarction or had MIR in the last 3 to 7 years. Surveys measured demographics, cardiac risk factors, depression, sleep, and fatigue. Anthropometric measures and cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were obtained. A maximum likelihood regression was calculated to predict MIR. RESULTS: The sample included 57% male and 30% Black participants, and the mean (SD) age was 65 (12) years. The hsCRP was the only cytokine related to symptoms: fatigue ( r = 0.309, P < .001) and depression ( r = 0.255, P = .002). An MIR was not associated with race despite White participants reporting better sleep ( t146 = -3.25, P = .002), lower body mass index ( t154 = -3.49, P = .001), and fewer modifiable risk factors ( t152 = -2.05, P = .04). An MIR was associated with being male, higher hsCRP and tumor necrosis factor-α levels ( P < .001), and higher inflammatory symptoms of fatigue ( P = .04), depression ( P = .01), and poor sleep ( P < .001). CONCLUSION: Further examination of biomarkers to understand the mechanisms associated with inflammatory symptoms of fatigue, depression, and poor sleep and MIR is needed.

Living with an Insertable Cardiac Monitor: Influences on Self-Care Management.

The insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is technology for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias. The perception of those living with the device and how this relates to self-care management is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of those with undiagnosed cardiac symptoms living with an ICM. This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Analysis of data was by intraparticipant analysis, interparticipant analysis, and interrelationships. Three global categories emerged: (a) influences on self-care, (b) dealing and (c) monitoring. Self-care management after insertion of the ICM was determined by the participant's perception of health, what symptoms they were experiencing and whether there was a positive or negative experience with the clinician. Many indicated little to no regular communication regarding symptoms and ICM results. Increasing communication relevant to management of health and long-term findings may assist in enhancing physical and psychological health.

A Qualitative Descriptive Study: Young Adults' Experiences With Biofeedback.

PURPOSE: This study explored the experiences of young adults who participated in biofeedback training and reported a family history of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. METHOD: Private semistructured interviews were conducted on a purposive sample. Young adults (N = 9) were interviewed about their experiences using paced breathing biofeedback training with continuous blood pressure monitoring. Codes were identified across the sample with common themes recorded. FINDINGS: Data analysis yielded four themes: skeptical inquisition, tangible impression, positive health impact, and motivation. Prior to using biofeedback, participants were extremely skeptical of the training. However, all participants found it useful for health maintenance and stress reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Biofeedback therapy may be a promising alternative and holistic approach to managing blood pressure and psychological stress in young adults. This is a complementary approach that nurses can incorporate when caring for the holistic needs of young adults.

Role expectations and workplace relations experienced by men in nursing: A qualitative study through an interpretive description lens.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of male nurses in today's healthcare environment to understand the persistently low numbers of men in nursing. DESIGN: This study used interpretive description methodology, which aligns with nursing's approach to knowledge discovery by acknowledging the evolution and complexity of shared and individual experiences. METHODS: Participants, (N = 11), were recruited through the American Association for Men in Nursing using purposive sampling. Focused interviews were conducted between May 2018 - June 2018. Interviews were semi-structured, guided by open-ended questions and video and audio recorded. Data were analysed according to study design with categories and themes extracted using reliability measures. RESULTS: This study's findings reflected the unique experiences of each participant in a primarily female dominated work environment in clinical and academic settings. Our study identified thematic categories of role expectations and workplace relations for the men in the study. Role expectations were influenced by sociocultural views, professional acceptance and patient/family perceptions. Workplace relations were associated with being male, social cliques and peer support. CONCLUSION: Participants shared similar and distinctly individual experiences. Findings from this study indicate there has been progress toward improving male presence in nursing but additional efforts are needed to increase inclusivity. Findings can be used to make recommendations for professional change in nursing, strengthen diversity by refining ways to recruit more men, enhance patients' experiences and improve experiences for future male nurses. IMPACT: This study addressed low numbers of men in nursing. Main findings included role expectations and workplace relations and how they are experienced by men in nursing. Findings from this research have a multidisciplinary impact in the workplace, and affect care of patients and their families.

Exploring the experiences of individuals with an insertable cardiac monitor: Making the decision for device insertion.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the decision-making process for insertable cardiac monitors (ICM) in those with suspected arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how individuals make a decision to insert an ICM. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Data were analyzed using content analysis and constant comparison. NVivo 10 was used for data grouping and patterns. RESULTS: Participants (N = 12) ranged in age from 41to 95. Most (n = 7) had the device inserted because of syncope or atrial fibrillation (AF), and others (n = 5) for cryptogenic stroke. Three categories emerged: pre-decision, definitive decision, and deliberated decision. Event symptoms, including physical, cognitive and emotional, and trust emerged as factors in decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: Those who perceived their experience as life-threatening, trusted the healthcare provider and assented to the ICM insertion. Conversely, those who perceived symptoms as episodic, used other strategies to resolve symptoms prior to making the decision for insertion.

Comparing comorbidity measures and fatigue post myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine comorbidity measures that may relate to the symptom of fatigue post MI: self-reported comorbidities, medication-validated comorbidities, weighted comorbidities for fatigue, and number of comorbidities. DESIGN: Using a cross sectional design, we interviewed a convenience sample of 98 adults, 65 and older, who were 6 to 8 months post myocardial infarction. METHODS: Participants self-reported their comorbidities using a list of 23 comorbid conditions. All medications were visually inspected, and medications were reviewed by a geriatric pharmacist for a common side effect of fatigue. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale was used to measure fatigue. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 76 (SD = 6.3), and most of the sample were White (84%). Neither medication-validated comorbidities nor those medications with fatigue as a common side effect explained fatigue. When controlling for age, sex, and marital status, self-reported comorbidities explained 10% of the variance in fatigue (F (4, 93) = 2.65; p = 0.04). Having 5 or more self-reported comorbidities explained 7% of variance in fatigue scores (F (1, 96) = 7.53; p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Comorbidities are associated with fatigue post MI. Adults post MI with 5 or more comorbidities should be screened for fatigue.

Pain Support for Adults with a Diabetes-Related Lower Limb Amputation: an Empirical Phenomenology Study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain after lower extremity amputation surgery has been reported in up to 80% of patients. Amputations are among the most debilitating chronic complication of diabetes with a variety of consequences including depression, inability to perform daily activities, and change in quality of life. AIMS: This study sought to understand the lived experience of chronic pain support among those who have undergone a diabetes-related lower limb amputation. METHOD: Researchers used a qualitative empirical phenomenology design. Private, semistructured interviews were conducted on a purposive sample (N = 11). Codes were identified for each participant separately and then across participants for common themes. RESULTS: Three major themes emerged from the research: (1) Phantom pain is nontreatable pain; (2) support systems were nonempathetic; and (3) participants experienced identification of a new normal. Participants did not understand that neuropathic (phantom) pain was part of the total pain experience. Further, they felt that there was no help from family or providers for alleviation of this pain. CONCLUSIONS: Phantom pain was identified as something the participants had to tolerate when it occurred. They did not feel that family or providers understood their pain. Further, they wanted a means of controlling their pain using nonpharmacologic therapies.

Effects of Tactile Desensitization on Postoperative Pain After Amputation Surgery.

PURPOSE: Pain in the acute setting after amputation is complex with multiple types of pain experienced, including somatic and neuropathic. No studies have measured multiple pain control modalities while using self-management techniques for acute amputation pain. Desensitization could provide a means of pain control for somatic and neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacious use and effects of tactile desensitization in managing acute postoperative pain after lower limb amputation. DESIGN: This was a pre-experimental repeated measure study. METHODS: Pain description, intensity, anxiety, depression, and medication usage were measured during repeated time periods. Pain intensity was measured before and after each intervention along with efficacy. FINDINGS: Of the times the intervention was self-administered (n = 50) there was a statistically significant reduction in the pain level (P < .001) with large effect sizes for all paired comparisons. Participants found the intervention efficacious and feasible to use. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a reduction in pain intensity scores using pain medication coupled with tactile desensitization.

Low-salt diet adherence in African Americans with hypertension.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify health and physiological measures, depressive symptoms and locus of control (LOC) in adherence to a low salt (1,500 mg sodium), diet in African American (AA) adults with hypertension (HTN). BACKGROUND: Adherence determinants to self-management behaviours among AA adults with HTN is essential in prevention of outcomes such as stroke. A low-salt diet is one key factor in the successful management of HTN. DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational design. METHODS: Systolic blood pressure, co-morbidities, serum creatinine, potassium, education, depression, LOC and social support were examined in relationship to self-reported adherence to a low-salt diet in a sample of AA adults (N = 77) aged 55-84. Demographic and physiologic data were collected in addition to diet adherence on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Standardised tools included Multidimensional Health LOC scale and the Patient Health Question-9 Depression Instrument. RESULTS: Lower adherence to a low-salt diet was more prevalent in females (n = 27; 73%). A moderate negative correlation (r = -0.294; p < 0.01) was found with low-salt diet adherence in the PHQ-9 (r = -0.294; p < 0.01). Both multiple regression, models significantly influenced adherence to low salt diet, with both models explaining 24% of the variance; internal LOC (F = 2.599 [8, 68]; p = 0.02) and external LOC (F = 2.667 [8, 68]; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Increasing awareness of factors affecting adherence to a low-salt diet is important for clinicians for effective management of HTN in AA adults. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses are encouraged to adopt a comprehensive assessment of those with HTN to identify psychosocial needs, in particular depressive symptoms, as a potential secondary prevention measure.

Factors associated with physical activity in African Americans with hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological management only controls 58% of those with hypertension. Combining pharmacological therapy with physical activity is important in controlling hypertension. AIM: To examine factors associated with physical activity (PA) adherence in African Americans (AAs) with hypertension and antihypertensive medication adherence. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used to examine if systolic BP, co-morbidities, serum creatinine and potassium, education, depression, locus of control, and social support explained PA adherence in a convenience sample of AAs (N = 77) aged 55 to 84. All completed: demographic data, PA visual analog scale (VAS-PA); Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale; Patient Health Question-9 Depression Instrument. Physiological data and co-morbidities were also collected. RESULTS: A third (n = 26) had systolic BP over 140 mm/Hg. The model explained 26% variance in adherence to PA (F = 3.378 [8, 68]; p = .003) with creatinine (p < .05), depression (p < .01), and social support (p < .05) as significant. Differences in VAS-PA scores between levels of depression were significant (F = 4.707 [269], p = .012; Eta2 = 0.12). Those with no depression had significantly higher PA adherence (M = 88.26, SD = 18.97) compared to mildly depressed (M = 70.24, SD 27.71) and moderately depressed (M = 66.83, SD = 23.31). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should promote PA as an adjunct to medications for effective control of hypertension in AAs. Screening and intervening for depression are important when examining adherence to PA in AAs with hypertension.

Factors Associated with Discharge to a Skilled Nursing Facility after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery.

An assumption regarding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), a minimally invasive procedure for treating aortic stenosis, is that patients remain at, or near baseline and soon return to their presurgical home to resume activities of daily living. However, this does not consistently occur. The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative factors that optimally predict discharge to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) after TAVR. Delineation of these conditions is an important step in developing a risk stratification model to assist in making informed decisions. Data was extracted from the American College of Cardiology (ACC) transcatheter valve therapy (TVT) registry and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database on 285 patients discharged from 2012⁻2017 at a tertiary referral heart institute located in the southeastern region of the United States. An analysis of assessment, clinical and demographic variables was used to estimate relative risk (RR) of discharge to a SNF. The majority of participants were female (55%) and white (84%), with a median age of 82 years (interquartile range = 9). Approximately 27% (n = 77) were discharged to a SNF. Age > 75 years (RR = 2.3, p = 0.0026), female (RR = 1.6, p = 0.019), 5-meter walk test (5MWT) >7 s (RR = 2.0, p = 0.0002) and not using home oxygen (RR = 2.9, p = 0.0084) were identified as independent predictive factors for discharge to a SNF. We report a parsimonious risk-stratification model that estimates the probability of being discharged to a SNF following TAVR. Our findings will facilitate making informed treatment decisions regarding this older patient population.