ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Social and interpersonal context are associated with the onset and persistence of psychiatric disorders. We compared the effects of short-term interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) on weight loss, binge eating behaviors, and depressive symptoms against cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), health education (HE), and behavioral weight loss (BWL). METHODS: We searched until May 28th, 2022 following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus. Articles on parallel randomized clinical trials were included. Outcomes were body mass index (BMI), binge days (bulimic episode), and depressive symptoms. These outcomes were self-reported or measured with specific scales (BMI) or instrument (depressive symptoms). RESULTS: The initial search retrieved 820 articles, a total of 10 studies met the eligibility criteria, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. Participants with overweight/obesity were women (62-100 %), aged between 11 and 50 years. There was a trivial to small effect on BMI favoring IPT over other interventions (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.10; 95%CI: -0.27 to 0.07, I2 = 0 %), especially when compared to health education (SMD = -0.21; 95%CI: -0.54 to 0.12, I2 = 0 %); no effect on number of binge days (SMD = -0.09; 95%CI: -0.30 to 0.11, I2 = 0 %); and a small effect on depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.25, 95%CI = -0.50 to 0.00, I2 = 0 %). LIMITATIONS: Small number of studies, the discrepancy in age cohorts, and racial diversity. Psychotherapeutic protocols and assessment tools had to be adapted across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with overweight/obesity and depression had some benefit from IPT when compared with other interventions. In view of existing evidence, an IPT program adapted to obesity could help to achieve reliable and long-term effects.
Subject(s)
Interpersonal Psychotherapy , Psychotherapy , Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Psychotherapy/methods , Overweight/therapy , Obesity/therapy , Obesity/psychology , Weight LossABSTRACT
Although 9 of 10 of the world's children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and children constitute nearly half of the populations of these countries, far too little research has focused on child mental health in LMICs.1 The expansion of research in global health and global mental health over the past several decades has not yet been matched by new research in child and adolescent mental health in LMICs.2 It is time for that to change. New research should include a focus on social drivers and the mechanisms by which they contribute to mental illnesses.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders , Mental Health , Adolescent , Child , Developing Countries , Global Health , Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/therapy , PovertyABSTRACT
We investigated anatomic alterations and lateralization effect in the mesial temporal lobe structures (amygdala and hippocampus) in epileptic psychosis MRI volumetric measurements. Patients with epileptic psychosis and normal controls were studied. Left hippocampus values were significantly smaller for patients (P<0.001). Hippocampal ratio was significantly greater for patients (P<0.01). Group (patients x normal) was the only factor explaining the statistically significant variation of left hippocampus and hippocampal ratio (P<0.001 and P<0.05). Twenty patients had hippocampal atrophy (4 on the right side, 15 on the left side, and 1 bilateral) associated with mesial temporal sclerosis. These results confirm the existence of anatomic alterations and a left laterality effect in the mesial temporal lobe structures of patients with epileptic psychosis.
Subject(s)
Brain/abnormalities , Brain/pathology , Epilepsy/psychology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Adult , Amygdala/abnormalities , Amygdala/pathology , Atrophy/epidemiology , Atrophy/pathology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Female , Hippocampus/abnormalities , Hippocampus/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Observer Variation , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Reproducibility of Results , Sclerosis/epidemiology , Sclerosis/pathology , Severity of Illness Index , Temporal Lobe/abnormalities , Temporal Lobe/pathologyABSTRACT
We investigated a series of patients with epileptic psychosis in Brazil and compared our findings with those of other authors. We evaluated 38 outpatients with epileptic psychosis with a semistructured clinical interview, Annett inventory for hand dominance, international classifications for seizures and syndromes, and DSM-IV for psychosis diagnoses. We studied course and outcome for epilepsy and psychosis. Gender distribution was approximately even. Epilepsy and psychiatric disorders among relatives and early CNS insults in personal histories were frequent findings. Mean age of epilepsy onset was 9.3 years. Epilepsy started before psychosis in all cases, and evolved to clinical refractoriness. There was a predominance of temporal lobe epilepsy. Mean age of psychosis onset was 27.4 years, after a mean duration of epilepsy of 18.1 years, with predominance of schizophrenic presentations with interictal onset, frequent psychiatric admissions, suicide attempts, and postpsychosis functional decline. Tumors or lesions of an embryologic nature were uncommon, but mesial temporal sclerosis was frequent.
