Feasibility and efficacy of intraperitoneal docetaxel administration as salvage chemotherapy for malignant gynaecological ascites.

Ovarian and endometrial cancers diagnosed at advanced stages are often associated with malignant ascites. This study aimed to determine the safety, feasibility and efficacy of intraperitoneal (IP) docetaxel (TXT) for the treatment of ascites. A phase I study, including nine patients, was undertaken to determine the maximum tolerable dose. Efficacy was retrospectively assessed in 18 patients treated with 40-70 mg/m(2) IP TXT between 2005 and 2012. In a phase I study, the dose was safely escalated to a maximum of 70 mg/m(2), at which level no patients had grade -3 haematological adverse events. In a retrospective study of 18 patients, seven had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 3; 16 had prior paclitaxel administration and two, with doses of 40 and 70 mg/m(2), experienced a serological response and a decrease in paracentesis. Thus, palliative treatment of recurrent OC should be further studied with 40 mg/m(2) among more patients, and 70 mg/m(2) could be evaluated for first-line IP chemotherapy.

Intensive granulocyte and monocyte adsorption versus intravenous prednisolone in patients with severe ulcerative colitis: an unblinded randomised multi-centre controlled study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several uncontrolled studies have reported on the efficacy of adsorptive depletion of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages (GM) in patients with moderate or severe ulcerative colitis. This study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intensive GMA with intensive intravenous prednisolone in patients with severe ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Seventy patients with clinical activity index 10-23 were randomly assigned to intensive GMA with the Adacolumn, at 2 sessions/week in the first 3 weeks and then 1 session/week for up to 11 sessions (n = 35) or intravenous prednisolone, 40-60 mg/day for 5-10 days (n = 35). No patient received immunomodulators within 8 weeks prior to entry. Clinical response based on intention to treat was assessed at weeks 2, 6 and 12. RESULTS: Four patients in the prednisolone group and two patients in the GMA group discontinued in week 1. At weeks 2, 6 and 12, the remission (clinical activity index < or = 4) rates (%) in the GMA group were 17.1, 54.4, 74.3, respectively. The corresponding values in the prednisolone group were 25.7, 51.4 and 48.6. Further, at week 12, 27 patients (77%) in the GMA group and 5 patients (14%) in the prednisolone group were steroid free (P = 0.0076). In the GMA group, flushing and light-headedness were observed in 5 patients versus typical steroid side effects in 29 patients of the prednisolone group. CONCLUSIONS: In this clinical response to GMA was comparable or better than prednisolone. Further, the response to GMA was slower than to intravenous prednisolone, but was more sustainable than the latter.

[Transapical aortic cannulation in the operation of acute type A aortic dissection].

From June 2003 to November 2006, transapical aortic cannulation was performed in 73 patients (41 men and 32 women, mean age 63 years, 64 hemiarch repair and 9 total arch replacement) with acute type A aortic dissection. A 1-cm incision was made in the apex of the left ventricle, and a 7-mm soft and flexible cannula was passed through the apex and across the aortic valve until positioned in the ascending aorta under guidance by transesophageal echocardiography. In all cases, cardiopulmonary bypass flow was sufficient. There were no malperfusion events. Our results showed that transapical aortic cannulation was secure and useful for repair of acute type A aortic dissection.

The 15-Country Collaborative Study of Cancer Risk Among Radiation Workers in the Nuclear Industry: design, epidemiological methods and descriptive results.

Radiation protection standards are based mainly on risk estimates from studies of atomic bomb survivors in Japan. The validity of extrapolations from the relatively high-dose acute exposures in this population to the low-dose, protracted or fractionated environmental and occupational exposures of primary public health concern has long been the subject of controversy. A collaborative retrospective cohort study was conducted to provide direct estimates of cancer risk after low-dose protracted exposures. The study included nearly 600,000 workers employed in 154 facilities in 15 countries. This paper describes the design, methods and results of descriptive analyses of the study. The main analyses included 407,391 nuclear industry workers employed for at least 1 year in a participating facility who were monitored individually for external radiation exposure and whose doses resulted predominantly from exposure to higher-energy photon radiation. The total duration of follow-up was 5,192,710 person-years. There were 24,158 deaths from all causes, including 6,734 deaths from cancer. The total collective dose was 7,892 Sv. The overall average cumulative recorded dose was 19.4 mSv. A strong healthy worker effect was observed in most countries. This study provides the largest body of direct evidence to date on the effects of low-dose protracted exposures to external photon radiation.

[Lung cancer associated with bulla found during an operation of pneumothorax; report of a case].

A 50-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. His chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed right pneumothorax and multiple bullae. His pneumothorax was drained with a chest tube, however, because of a persistent air leak, bullectomy was performed 18 days after the occurrence of pneumothorax. Intraoperatively, we found a palpable tumor in the bulla approximately 10 mm in diameter and resected it with the bullae. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a large cell carcinoma.

[Successful removal of aberrant needles in the pericardium and lung].

A 28-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as schizophrenia was admitted to our hospital, complaining of chest pain. Her chest X-ray demonstrated 9 foreign bodies in the pericardium, lung and others. Her chest computed tomography (CT) confirmed needle-like shadows in the pericardium and lung. They were diagnosed as aberrant needles, and surgically removed. The intrapulmonary aberrant needle was removed with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Aberrant needle in pericardium or lung should be removed surgically, because it is very dangerous. Intraoperative chest X-ray is always necessary before closing the wound to avoid leaving the residual fragments.

Plasma des-acyl and acyl ghrelin in patients with eating disorders.

A recently recognized peptide, ghrelin, increases appetite and energy retention in human. Previous reports have shown higher plasma level in eating disorder (ED) patients and correlations with body mass index (BMI). This study examined these findings by measuring active (N-RIA) and total (C-RIA) levels of plasma ghrelin. Multipurpose assessments of symptoms were conducted for 11 ED patients and 5 control females. Results revealed significant differences of C-RIA between the groups. The BMI did not correlate with ghrelin, but demonstrated reversal correlation with the ratio of N-RIA and C-RIA (NC ratio) according to the ED or control group. The NC ratio also tended to be associated with a self-rating score. The NC ratio might be related to specific characteristics of ghrelin secretion or clearance in ED patients. Further basic and clinical investigations are necessary.

[Operation on acute type A aortic dissection using transapical aortic cannulation].

We experienced a case of operation for acute type A aortic dissection using transapical aortic cannulation (TAC). A 62-year-old male with chest and back pain admitted to our hospital. The chest computed tomography (CT) showed the dissection of total aorta. Hemiarch repair (circulatory arrest time: 64 min, pump time: 152 min) was performed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) established with bicaval cannulation and TAC in this case. The reason why we use TAC is that retrograde perfusion by femoral artery has a high-risk of malperfusion and cerebral embolism because of atheromatous change in aorta, and the use of the axillary artery can be troublesome because of the vessel's small diameter. We considered that in cases of acute aortic dissection, TAC is much safer and simpler than femoral or axillary cannulation.

Analysis of cross-reactivity of five new chicken monoclonal antibodies which recognize the apical complex of Eimeria using confocal laser immunofluorescence assay.

For Apicomplexa (members) the host cell invasion is realized with the help of the organelles located at the apical tip of parasites. In this research paper the characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against Eimeria acervulina sporozoites is described. All mabs reacted with molecules belonging to the apical complex of chicken Eimeria sporozoites. On immunofluorescence assay (IFA) one mab, 8E-1, recognized an apical tip molecule present on all chicken Eimeria sporozoites, two mabs (8D-2 and HE-4) recognized an antigen present on the apical tip of the same two Eimeria species (E. acervulina and E. brunetti), another mab (5D-11) recognized an antigen present on the apical tip of other two species (E. acervulina and E. maxima) while one mab (8C-3) identified antigens present on the sporozoites and sporocysts wall of only E. acervulina. Besides the apical tip antigens, two mabs (HE-4 and 8D-2) recognized some proteins located in the anterior half of the sporozoites. Collectively, these mabs proved that the apical complex of chicken Eimeria sporozoites share one or more antigens that are expected to play a role in host cell recognition and invasion.

[Surgical treatment of two cases with Marfan syndrome].

We report 2 cases of aortic disease with Marfan syndrome underwent surgery. Case 1 was 38-years-old man and case 2 was 36-years-old woman. They were brothers and they had 8 times operation for 13 years. Surgical procedure included aortic root reconstruction, descending aortic aneurysm repair and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Patients with Marfan syndrome sometimes require repeated surgical repair of aortic disease.

Does perifascial rectal excision (i.e. TME) when combined with the autonomic nerve-sparing technique interfere with operative radicality?

OBJECTIVE: The lymphatic drainage from the rectum was studied to evaluate if the autonomic nerve sparing dissection may interfere with the operative radicality and might result in metastatic lymph nodes being overlooked and left in situ. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 50 consecutive patients had an extended extrafascial rectal excision resection for cancer. In 19 of the 50 patients activated carbon particles (CH40) were injected preoperatively into the rectum. The autonomic nerves with surrounding connective tissue were serially dissected from the resected specimen, carefully sliced at 5-mm intervals and collected for histological study. Lymph nodes along the axial and lateral drainage routes were examined, and the inclusion of CH40 in the nodes was microscopically studied according to the site of CH40 injection. RESULTS: Lymph nodes within the connective tissue along the dissected autonomic nerves were demonstrated in 47 of the 50 cases. Two of 50 cases had positive nodes along preaortic plexus or pelvic plexus, and a case with nodal involvement along the pelvic plexus had poor prognosis in spite of nerve excision. CH40 when injected into the rectum above the peritoneal reflection was demonstrated in the vast majority of the axial nodes, while in only one lymph node along the preaortic plexus when injected in the rectum above the peritoneal reflection. On the other hand when injected in the rectum below the peritoneal reflection, CH40 was demonstrated both in axial and lateral nodes as well as in lymph nodes along bilateral pelvic plexuses, right hypogastric nerve, superior hypogastric plexus, preaortic plexus and mesenteric plexus as well. CONCLUSIONS: When located above the peritoneal reflection a rectal carcinoma will spread preferentially along the upper axial route, while a carcinoma located below the peritoneal reflection will also spread laterally and along the autonomic nerves. It was inferred that lymphatic flow along the autonomic nerves came up from the rectum below the peritoneal reflection mainly through a so-called lateral ligament but its clinical significance was negligible. Therefore doing TME with autonomic nerve preservation does not imply a less radical surgery from the point of lymphatic spread.

Aortic and mitral valve replacement in a patient with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome): report of a case.

A 29-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with severe orthopnea, fever, and acute dermatosis. She had a 5-year history of episodic acute neutrophilic dermatosis and peripheral leukocytosis following a high fever, which were symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome. Echocardiography revealed remarkable dysfunction of the left ventricle due to severe aortic regurgitation, which had not been present at a previous admission when mild mitral regurgitation was detected. The aortic and mitral valves were replaced with prosthetic valves on an emergency basis. The leaflets of the aortic valve were very thin and appeared fragile. The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve showed severe prolapse due to the torn chordae and hypoplasia of the posterior strut chordae. Her postoperative course was uneventful. Microscopic examination revealed fibrosal degeneration and the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into both heart valves. This may be the first case report of valvulitis and Sweet's syndrome occurring simultaneously.

Right vagal nerve stimulation for coronary anastomosis without cardiopulmonary bypass: investigation in dogs.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of right vagal nerve stimulation for reducing the heart rate during coronary anastomosis without cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Through the fourth left intercostal space, left internal thoracic artery grafts were sutured to the left anterior descending artery with the heart beating. In Group I (n=7), two dogs underwent right cervical vagal stimulation alone and five dogs underwent right cervical vagal stimulation during intravenous infusion of diltiazem or verapamil. In Group II (n=3), one dog underwent right thoracic vagal stimulation alone and two dogs underwent right thoracic vagal stimulation during intravenous infusion of diltiazem or verapamil. The thoracic vagal nerve was isolated endoscopically. The electrocardiogram and aortic pressure were monitored during interventions. RESULTS: In Group I, cervical vagal stimulation reduced the heart rate from 190 to 45 and 180 to 42 b/min. During intravenous infusion of diltiazem or verapamil, cervical vagal stimulation caused ventricular arrest. In Group II, thoracic vagal stimulation decreased the heart rate from 205 to 70 b/min, and stimulation during intravenous infusion of diltiazem caused ventricular arrest. CONCLUSIONS: Right vagal stimulation during intravenous infusion of diltiazem or verapamil has potential value as a technique for reducing the heart rate during coronary anastomosis without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Papillary carcinoma occurring within an adenomatous goiter of the thyroid gland in Cowden's disease.

Cowden's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple benign and malignant neoplastic lesions involving many organs. The presence of characteristic cutaneous lesions is crucial for the diagnosis. Thyroid disease is a major extracutaneous manifestation of this disease; however, the histologic characteristics have not been described in detail. We report a case of thyroid tumor associated with Cowden's disease. Grossly, the tumor showed a multinodular appearance, like an adenomatous goiter. Microscopically, it consisted of follicular adenomas with a trabecular pattern. Some of the nodules had a second component resembling papillary carcinoma. This was thought to be a unique histological feature not described previously, and might be specific to thyroid tumor associated with Cowden's disease.

[A case of mediastinal esophago-bronchogenic cyst associated with high serum level of CA 19-9].

We report a case of mediastinal esophago-bronchogenic cyst in a patient with a high serum level of CA 19-9. A 49-year-old man presented with a complaint of dysphagia. Chest X-ray, CT, and MRI showed posterior mediastinal cystic shadow which was diagnosed preoperatively. The serum level of CA 19-9 was 158 U/ml. We underwent extirpation of the cyst through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and confirmed to be a bronchogenic cyst histologically. The serum level of CA 19-9 returned to normal after the operation.

Coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass is safe and contributes to favorable long-term results.

The aim of this study was to determine the indication for minimally invasive direct coronary artery surgery based on the operative and long-term results of conventional coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. Operative results: The subjects included 505 patients who underwent isolated elective coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass from January 1995 through August 1999. The mean age at the time of surgery was 61.9 and the mean number of grafts per patient was 2.6. Long-term results: From January 1984 to December 1995, a total of 907 patients received coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass using the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery with or without saphenous vein grafts to other coronary arteries. The rates of complete and incomplete revascularization were 69.3% (n = 629) and 30.7% (n = 278), respectively. Mean follow-up was 5.95+/-3.0 years. The operative results revealed low output syndrome occurred in 14 patients (2.8%), perioperative myocardial infarction with the appearance of new Q-waves in 5 (1.0%), renal failure requiring transient dialysis in 16 (3.2%), stroke with persistent sequelae in 5 (1.0%), and mediastinitis in 5 (1.0%). Two patients (0.4%) died in the hospital. The long-term results for the 907 patients revealed the 10-year actuarial survival, 10-year cardiac death free, and 10-year cardiac event free rates were 85.7%, 94.1%, and 77.3%, respectively. The 10-year survival rates was 88.4% among patients receiving complete revascularization and 79.3% among those receiving incomplete revascularization (p = 0.0334). The 10-year cardiac death free rate among patients undergoing complete revascularization was 96.3% and 88.7% among those receiving incomplete revascularization (p = 0.0016). The 10-year cardiac event free rates were 82.3% and 67.9%) among patients undergoing complete and incomplete revascularization, respectively (p = 0.0118). In view of the favorable operative and long-term results of conventional coronary artery bypass grafting, especially complete revascularization, we conclude that minimally invasive direct coronary artery grafting is an appropriate treatment for multi-vessel disease in carefully selected patients at a high risk for stroke and major comorbidities due to old age.

Effects of medium-chain fatty acids on intracellular calcium levels and the cytoskeleton in human intestinal (Caco-2) cell monolayers.

The effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels and actin filaments in the Caco-2 monolayer were investigated. A site-dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels caused by decanoic acid (C10) at 13 mM was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The area in which the intracellular Ca2+ levels was increased was measured by image analysis, and increased to 11% of the total area of the monolayer within 1 minute. This was maintained for 5 minutes, and decreased thereafter. The other MCFAs did not significantly increase the intracellular Ca2+ levels. Obvious morphological changes of actin filaments were induced by only C10 among C8-C14. The area in which actin filaments were depleted was also quantified, and the increase in area became significant after 40 minutes. The area of the actin-depleted spot corresponded to the area occupied by 5 to 10 cells as well as that in which the intracellular Ca2+ level was increased. The effectiveness of only C10 suggested that the mechanism of the absorption enhancement by C10 would be different from that by the other MCFAs, or that C10 has some additional physiological functions although the mechanism of the enhancement is the same as for the other MCFAs.

Infantile cholestatic jaundice associated with adult-onset type II citrullinemia.

Adult-onset type II citrullinemia, characterized by a liver-specific argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency, is caused by a deficiency of citrin that is encoded by the SLC25A13 gene. Three patients with infantile cholestatic jaundice were found to have mutations of the SLC25A13 gene. Adult-onset type II citrullinemia may be associated with infantile cholestatic disease.

Daunorubicin attenuates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced biosynthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

The anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin is reported to induce apoptosis in cells by triggering ceramide generation through de novo synthesis or sphingomyelin hydrolysis. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with daunorubicin markedly decreased the mRNA expression and protein release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). This cellular event was accompanied by a significant increase in the total ceramide content in HUVEC. On the other hand, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha treatment of HUVEC led to an increase in both PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein release, and an enhancement of total ceramide content was also observed. The stimulating effect of TNF-alpha on PAI-1 synthesis was attenuated by the pretreatment of HUVEC with daunorubicin. Interestingly, the daunorubicin-induced increase in ceramide content was blocked by addition of the potent ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B(1), while the TNF-alpha-induced ceramide increase was not affected by this drug. Fumonisin B(1) treatment restored the daunorubicin-induced decrease in PAI-1 release to approximately 70% of the control, but did not affect the TNF-alpha-induced increase in PAI-1 release. Thus, these data imply the possibility that the subcellular topology of ceramide production determines its lipid mediator function in the regulation of PAI-1 synthesis in HUVEC, because both TNF-alpha and daunorubicin could increase the ceramide levels.

Transapical aortic cannulation for acute aortic dissection to prevent malperfusion and cerebral complications.

We describe a technique for transapical cannulation in cases of acute aortic dissection. This method entails aortic cannulation via the apex of the left ventricle and the aortic valve. When this technique is used, retrograde perfusion prevents such fatal complications as malperfusion or cerebral embolism that can occur with femoral cannulation. Having found no disadvantage in this method, we recommend transapical cannulation as the best cannulation technique for acute aortic dissection.