ABSTRACT
In this study, we have synthesized pristine and [0.5,1.5, and 2.5] M% samarium (Sm)-incorporating α-MoO3 2D-layered nanoplates utilizing a facile hydrothermal process, and investigated the physical properties along with antibacterial effectiveness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the single-phase, stable orthorhombic polycrystalline structure of the as-prepared samples. The crystallite size, lattice strain, and dislocation density were measured using both Debye-Scherrer (D-S) and Williamson-Hall (W-H) techniques. Both pristine and Sm-incorporating α-MoO3 samples showed two-dimensional (2D) layered nanoplate-type surface morphology, revealed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Sm contents in the α-MoO3 matrix. After Sm incorporation in α-MoO3, the different functional groups as well as vibrational groups were observed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The optical band gaps were measured from UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) by employing the Kubelka-Munk formula and interestingly it is found that the bandgap energy (E g) gradually decreased from 2.96 to 2.83 eV with the increment of Sm content. When compared to pristine α-MoO3, the Sm-incorporating samples experienced a steady improvement in room temperature ferromagnetic (RTFM) behavior as Sm content increased, as measured by hysteresis loops. The antibacterial activities of both samples were assessed against Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Gram-negative: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) bacteria by the agar well diffusion method and enhanced antibacterial activity was observed as the Sm concentration increased, compared to pristine nanoplates. The obtained results suggest that the synthesized Sm-incorporating α-MoO3 2D-layered nanoplate could be a potential antibacterial agent.
ABSTRACT
In this contribution we establish a proof of concept method for monitoring, quantifying and differentiating the extracellular phosphorylation of Human SHSY5Y undifferentiated neuronal cells and neuroblastoma cells by three prominent ectokinases PKA, PKC and Src. Herein it is demonstrated that a combination of different experimental techniques, including fluorescence microscopy, quartz crystal microscopy (QCM) and electrochemistry, can be used to detect extracellular phosphorylation levels of neuronal and neuroblastoma cells. Phosphorylation profiles of the three ectokinases, PKA, PKC and Src, were investigated using fluorescence microscopy and the number of phosphorylation sites per kinase was estimated using QCM. Finally, the phosphorylation of the extracellular membrane was determined using electrochemistry. Our results clearly demonstrate that the extracellular phosphorylation of neuronal cells differs significantly in terms of its phosphorylation profile from diseased neuroblastoma cells and the strength of surface electrochemical techniques in the differentiation process. We reveal that using electrochemistry, the percent compositions of neuronal and neuroblastoma cells can also be identified.
Subject(s)
Neuroblastoma , Protein Kinase C , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Humans , Neurons/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Protein Kinase C/metabolismABSTRACT
The focus of this work described here is to establish a method for monitoring and quantifying the extracellular phosphorylation of Human SHSY5Y undifferentiated neuronal cells by three ectokinases PKA, PKC and Src; these are kinases that are known to be present in the extracellular matrix. Here is demonstrated that a combination of different experimental techniques, including microscopy and electrochemistry, can be used to detect extracellular phosphorylations. Phosphorylation profiles of the three ectokinases, PKA, PKC and Src, were investigated using fluorescence microscopy and the number of phosphorylation sites per kinase was estimated using QCM. Finally, the phosphorylation of the extracellular membrane was determined using electrochemistry. Our results clearly demonstrate the extracellular phosphorylation of neuronal cells and the strength of surface electrochemical techniques in the investigation of cellular phosphorylation.
Subject(s)
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism , Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Neurons/metabolism , Protein Kinase C/metabolism , src-Family Kinases/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry , Biotin/chemistry , Cell Line , Dielectric Spectroscopy/methods , Extracellular Space , Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate , Humans , Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning/methods , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Phosphorylation , Protein Kinases/metabolismABSTRACT
The isolation and NMR spectral data of epifriedelanol from Vitis trifolia are reported. It demonstrated antitumor activity in a potato disc bioassay.
