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Acta Pharm ; 63(3): 305-34, 2013 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24152894

ABSTRACT

The amorphous form of pharmaceutical materials represents the most energetic solid state of a material. It provides advantages in terms of dissolution rate and bioavailability. This review presents the methods of solid- -state amorphization described in literature (supercooling of liquids, milling, lyophilization, spray drying, dehydration of crystalline hydrates), with the emphasis on milling. Furthermore, we describe how amorphous state of pharmaceuticals differ depending on the method of preparation and how these differences can be screened by a variety of spectroscopic (X-ray powder diffraction, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic pairwise distribution, infrared spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy) and calorimetry methods.


Subject(s)
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Powders/chemistry , Animals , Biological Availability , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/trends , Crystallization , Desiccation/methods , Freeze Drying/methods , Freeze Drying/trends , Humans , X-Ray Diffraction/methods , X-Ray Diffraction/trends
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