Characteristic of pancreatic involvement in melioidosis: Case report and literature review.

Background: Intra-abdominal abscesses are a frequent manifestations of melioidosis whereas pancreas is barely affected by this condition. Herein, by delving into the clinical manifestations, diagnostic processes, and the ultimate clinical outcome, we report a case of an unusual presentation of pancreatic melioidosis in a Chinese patient, aiming to shed light on a diagnosis that is not commonly associated with the pancreas. Case presentation: The patient, a 32-year-old male farmer, suffered from persistent burning pain in his upper abdomen, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever and other symptoms, presented to the clinic. His body temperature spiked to 38.5 °C without apparent reason for this fever. A thorough examination, including the blood culture and the imaging examination, led to a diagnosis of pancreatic melioidosis. The patient was promptly treated with intravenous meropenem and ceftazidime. As a consequence, his symptoms eased and discharged in stable condition. The patient continued his treatment with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for three months to control the infection. Following 6 months of regular follow-up, the patient fully recovered. Conclusions: In tropical regions such as Hainan, it is crucial to consider atypical infection like B. pseudomallei in the differential diagnosis, even when they present in atypical locations such as a pancreatic pseudocyst. Detecting pancreatic involvement in melioidosis relies heavily on sensitive bacterial culture and imaging examination. This retrospective study of patients' infection diagnosis aims to shed light on the clinical treatment, and prognosis associated with pancreatic melioidosis, thereby raising awareness about the risk of pancreatic affection in melioidosis cases.

Epithelial transformation sequence 2 affecting the in vitro metastatic activity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of p33 inhibitor growth-1 / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effects of epithelial transformation sequence 2(ECT2)and p33ING1 on the metastatic activity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells.Methods The expressions of ECT2 and p33ING1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line KYSE140 cells were divided into 4 groups:blank group,negative control(pcDNA 3.1 NC)group,overexpression group(pcDNA 3.1 ECT2)and inhibited expression group(si ECT2).MTT assay and cell colony formation assay were used to study the proliferation and growth ability of cells,Transwell assay and scratch assay used to study the invasion and migration ability of cells,and flow cytometry used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle,Western blotting used to detect the effect of ECT2 on p33ING1 protein.Results ECT2 expression increased and p33ING1 expression decreased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues.Overexpression of ECT2 significantly increased the growth,colony formation,migration and invasion abilities of KYSE140 cells,and decreased the apoptosis rate and p33ING1 expression of KYSE140 cells.In addition,inhibition of ECT2 expression could reverse the above changes.Conclusion The high expression of ECT2 can promote the growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma KYSE140 cells and inhibit their apoptosis.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p33ING1 expression by ECT2.

Correlation between grip strength promotion and improvement of body composition and metabolic disorders in health examination population of different genders / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between grip strength promotion and improvement of body composition and metabolic disorders in health examination population of different genders.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data of 600 people who received health examination and grip strength check-up two times or more in the Medical Examination Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2018 to November 2022 were selected. The general data, physical examination, biochemical parameters, body composition and grip strength results were collected. After the first physical examination, the grip strength test was conducted, appropriate resistance strength exercises were given based on individual evaluation results. A health lecture was held, and the information related to health exercise was pushed through WeChat official account every week. The grip strength test was completed at the same time at the second physical examination, and the difference between the two test results was calculated before and after the second physical examination. The generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the improvement of body composition and metabolic disorders in different gender health-check population.Results:In man and women, the body mass index [(25.50±3.66) vs (25.33±3.74) kg/m 2, (22.41±3.55) vs (22.25±3.46) kg/m 2] and grip strength [(42.71±7.30) vs (41.77±7.36) kg, (25.28±5.30) vs (23.98±4.87) kg] at the second health check-up were all significantly higher than those at the first time, and the diastolic blood pressure [(72.79±10.30) vs (74.47±9.85) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (66.93±8.90) vs (68.92±9.42) mmHg] and serum homocysteine [(17.96±14.09) vs (19.27±14.26) μmol/L, (9.47±3.91) vs (10.26±3.90) μmol/L] were all significantly lower than those at the first time (all P<0.05). Among man, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at the second physical examination was significantly lower than that at the first time [(2.94±0.78) vs (3.00±0.69) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). Among women, the systolic blood pressure and uric acid at the second health check-up were both significantly lower than those at the first time [(109.34±12.85) vs (110.54±12.32) mmHg, (276.91±62.46) vs (287.16±68.78) μmol/L], and the waist-hip ratio was significant higher (85.8%±5.1% vs 85.4%±5.0%) (all P<0.05). In males, the decreased aspartate aminotransferase ( OR=0.932, 95% CI: 0.888-0.978) and the increased skeletal muscle index ( OR=75.370, 95% CI: 29.012-195.806) were both positively correlated with the elevation of grip strength (all P<0.05); and in females, the decreased homocysteine ( OR=0.876, 95% CI: 0.782-0.982) and glycosylated hemoglobin ( OR=0.423, 95% CI: 0.222-0.805) and increased skeletal muscle index ( OR=22.918, 95% CI: 11.114-47.256) were all positively correlated with the elevation of grip strength (all P<0.05). Conclusion:There is a positive correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the improvement trend of body composition and metabolic disorders in in health examination population of different genders.

The value of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 tests in opportunistic screening for non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 tests in opportunistic screening of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on meta-analysis.Methods:The original research literatures on the diagnostic value of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in Chinese NSCLC patients were searched from databases of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Database and Wanfang database from establishment to June 2023. The literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out independently by two researchers. The quality evaluation tool of diagnostic accuracy studies was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. A summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was used to assess the overall effectiveness of the tests. The outcome stability and publication bias were detected by using sensitivity analysis and Deeks′ test.Results:A total of 23 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall sensitivity of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 alone in the diagnosis of NSCLC was relatively low, it was 0.49(95% CI: 0.43-0.55), 0.56(95% CI: 0.49-0.63) and 0.41(95% CI: 0.33-0.49), respectively. The overall sensitivity of the combined detection of the three markers for the diagnosis of NSCLC increased to 0.83(95% CI: 0.69-0.91), but the overall specificity decreased to 0.76(95% CI: 0.69-0.83). Conclusions:The single detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 is not recommended for screening NSCLC in population receiving physical examination. Although the sensitivity of the combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 for screening NSCLC is improved, but the specificity is decreased, the misdiagnosis rate is increased, so the screening effect is limited.

Analysis of amino acid and protein components of commercial swim-bladders / 中成药

AIM To study the amino acids and proteins in 16 batches of commercial fish swim-bladders with different origins.METHODS A high performance liquid chromatography method based on pre-column derivatization using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate(AQC)was developed for the determination of contents and components of 17 amino acids in fish swim-bladders.Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)was performed to analyze the molecular weight distribution of proteins from different fish swim-bladders,and proteins in fish swim-bladders were identified by proteomics method.RESULTS The result showed that the determination of 17 amino acids had a good linear relationship(R2≥0.998 0).The average recovery rate was 85.62%-109.60%and the relative standard deviations of precision,stability and repeatability were less than 3.5%.The total content of the 17 amino acids in 16 batches of fish swim-bladders ranged from 468.31 mg/g to 620.05 mg/g.A total of 688 proteins including 11 collagens were identified from 16 batches of fish swim-bladder samples and a plenty of low-abundance proteins at 52-95 kDa were also detected in fish swim-bladders by SDS-PAGE.CONCLUSION This study provides a good reference for the quality evaluation and further utilization of fish swim-bladders.

Whole-process individualized pharmaceutical care for a case of melioidosis sepsis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the adjustment of antibiotic treatment regimens， identification of adverse reactions， and individualized pharmaceutical care for melioidosis sepsis （MS）. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the intensive and eradicating therapeutic processes for an MS patient by using blood concentration and gene detection. Based on the literature， antibiotic treatment regimens of MS were adjusted by determining the blood concentrations of β-lactam and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole （TMP/SMZ） and calculating PK/PD parameters. The causes of adverse drug reactions were analyzed and addressed by detecting drug-related gene polymorphisms through high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Clinical pharmacists used blood concentration and genetic testing methods to propose adjustments to imipenem-cilastatin sodium dosage and analyze the causes of various adverse drug reactions. PK/PD targets were calculated by measuring the blood concentrations of β-lactam and TMP/SMZ. Clinical pharmacists explained to clinical doctors the compliance status of patients with melioidosis in sepsis and non- sepsis stages through reviewing guidelines and literature； the results of blood concentration and genetic test were used to analyze the correlation of neurotoxicity of MS patients with B14） IMP cmin， and it was found that nephrotoxicity was not related to the cmax of TMP/SMZ， but to the patient’s water intake. After whole-process antibiotic treatment， the patient’s condition improved and was discharged， and the adverse reactions were effectively treated. CONCLUSIONS Clinical pharmacists use blood concentration and genetic tests to assist clinicians in formulating MS treatment regimens， and provide whole-course pharmaceutical care for a MS patient. This method has improved the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug therapy.

Hepatitis C virus infection:surveillance report from China Healthcare-as-sociated Infection Surveillance System in 2020 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Role and Mechanism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Potassium Ion Channels / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have diverse health-promoting effects, such as potentially protecting in immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems by targeting a variety of sites, including most ion channels. Voltage-gated potassium channels of the KV7 family and large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BKCa) channels are expressed in many tissues, therefore, their physiological importance is evident from the various disorders linked to dysfunctional KV7 channels and BKCa channels. Thus, it is extremely important to learn how potassium channels are regulated by PUFAs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of PUFAs on KV7 channels and BKCa channels functions, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects. In summarizing reported effects of PUFAs on KV7 and BKCa channels mediated currents, we generally conclude that PUFAs increase the current amplitude, meanwhile, differential molecular and biophysical mechanisms are associated with the current increase. In KV7 channels the currents increasement are associated with a shift in the voltage dependence of channel opening and increased maximum conductance in KV7 channels, while in BKCa channels, they are associated with destabilization the pore domain closed conformation. Furthermore, PUFA effects are influenced by auxiliary subunits of KV7 and BKCa channels, associate with channels in certain tissues. although findings are conflicting. A better understanding of how PUFAs regulate KV7 and BKCa channels may offer insight into their physiological regulation and may lead to new therapeutic strategies and approaches.

[Huangdi Anxiao Capsules-containing serum protects cell model from cognitive dysfunction in diabetes via inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis].

This study aims to investigate the effects and the molecular mechanism of Huangdi Anxiao Capsules(HDAX)-containing serum in protecting the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma(PC12) cells from diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction induced by high glucose and whether the mechanism is related to the regulation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis. The PC12 cell model of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction induced by high glucose was established and mcc950 was used to inhibit NLRP3. PC12 cells were randomized into control, model, HDAX-containing serum, mcc950, and HDAX-containing serum+mcc950 groups. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was employed to determine the viability, and Hoechst 33258/PI staining to detect pyroptosis of PC12 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1ß) and IL-18. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95), NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC), gasdermin D(GSDMD), GSDMD-N, and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1), and RT-PCR to determine the mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD, and caspase-1. The immunofluorescence assay was adopted to measure the levels and distribution of NLRP3 and GSDMD-N in PC12 cells. Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased cell proliferation, increased PI positive rate, down-regulated protein level of PSD-95, up-regulated protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD-N, GSDMD, and cleaved caspase-1, up-regulated mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD, and caspase-1, and elevated levels of IL-1ß and IL-18. Compared with the model group, HDAX-containing serum, mcc950, and the combination of them improved cell survival rate and morphology, decreased the PI positive rate, down-regulated the protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD-N, GSDMD, and cleaved caspase-1 and the mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD, and caspase-1, and promoted the secretion of IL-1ß and IL-18. The findings demonstrated that HDAX-containing serum can inhibit the pyroptosis-mediated by NLRP3 and protect PC12 cells from the cognitive dysfunction induced by high glucose.

Immunisation with the glycolytic enzyme enolase inhibits dissemination of Treponema pallidum in C57BL/6 mice.

Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), an obligate extracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases. In this study, the glycolytic enzyme enolase (Tp Eno) of T. pallidum were injected intramuscularly into C57BL/6 mice, resulting in higher levels of specific anti-Tp Eno antibodies and Tp Eno-specific splenocyte proliferation than those in the mice immunized with recombinant protein Tp Eno. Cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) analysis of splenocytes showed that the Tp Eno could slightly trigger the Th1-biased immune response. Furthermore, immunization of mice with Tp Eno elicited a significant production of IFN-γ by CD4+ T-cells in the spleen. Subsequently, mice were inoculated intradermally (between the scapulae), intraperitoneally, intrarectally and via the corpora cavernosa with 2.5 × 106 organisms per site (1 × 107 total organisms). The bacterial organ burden detected in the blood, spleen, liver, testes or brain of immunized mice suggested that Tp Eno enhances protective immunity to inhibit T. pallidum colonization in distal tissues. Therefore, Tp Eno vaccination enhances Tp Eno-specific immunogenicity and provides protection against T. pallidum dissemination.

0D hybrid indium halide as a highly efficient X-ray scintillation and ultra-sensitive fluorescent probe.

Halide perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) of 3D CsPbX3 as a scintillator has aroused intensive attention with advanced applications in radiation detection and X-ray imaging. However, the low light yield and serious toxicity of Pb2+ severely hinder advanced optoelectronic applications. To reduce these fatal shortcomings, a family of new environmentally friendly 0D hybrid lead-free indium halides of [DADPA]InX6·H2O (DADPA = 3,3'-diaminodipropylamine; X = Cl and Br) was prepared. Upon UV excitation, these halides display strong broadband yellow-orange light emissions, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) can be optimized up to near unity through the Sb3+-doping strategy. Significantly, high PLQY, negligible self-absorption and low attenuation ability toward X-ray render extraordinary scintillation performance with a high light yield of 51 875 photons MeV-1 and ultralow detection limit of 98.3 nGyair s-1, which is far superior to typical 3D PNC scintillators. Additionally, the ultra-high spatial resolution of 25.15 lp mm-1, negligible afterglow time (2.75 ms) and robust radiant stability demonstrates excellent X-ray imaging performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on X-ray scintillation based on 0D indium halide materials.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via modulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major bioactive compound in tea polyphenol extract. After ingestion, EGCG reaches the intestine and may commence anti-inflammation in the intestinal organ. Thus, in this paper, the anti-inflammatory effect of EGCG was studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. LPS induction instigated morphological deformation extensively which was normalized by EGCG. In LPS-induced macrophage cells, EGCG was found to lower cellular nitric oxide (32% of LPS group) and intercellular ROS level (45.4% of LPS group). It also suppressed the expression of IL-1ß (LPS 132.6 ± 14.6, EGCG 10.67 ± 3.65), IL-6 (LPS 2994.44 ± 178.5, EGCG 408.33 ± 52.34), TNF-α (LPS 27.11 ± 2.84, EGCG 1.22 ± 0.03), and iNOS (LPS 40.45 ± 11.17, EGCG 10.24 ± 0.89). The GO function analysis identified that these differential genes involved 24 biological processes, 18 molecular functions, and 19 cellular component-related processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that LPS significantly affects NF-κB, TNF, and TLR signaling pathways. Western blotting revealed that EGCG diminished P-IκB/IκB ratio by 75% and p-p65/p65 by 50% compared to the LPS group. Finally, Arg-1 and CD-206 mRNA expression were determined by RT-PCR, which was consistent with the RNA-Seq result. These findings indicate that EGCG exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing NO and ROS production, suppressing TLR4 protein expression, and inhibiting IκB and p65 phosphorylation.

Epidemiological survey of warts in Chinese military recruits: A cross-sectional and follow-up study.

Background: Warts are very common in military personnel, either at war or during peace times. However, little is known about the prevalence and natural course of warts in military recruits in China. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and natural course of warts in Chinese military recruits. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the head, face, neck, hands, and feet of 3093 Chinese military recruits aged 16-25 years in Shanghai were examined for the presence of warts upon enlistment medical examinations. Questionnaires were distributed to collect the general information of the participants before the survey. All the patients were followed up by telephone interview for 11-20 months. Results: The prevalence rate of warts in Chinese military recruits was 2.49%. The diagnosis of most cases was common and plantar warts, which were usually less than 1 cm in diameter and with mild discomfort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and sharing personal items with others were risk factors. Coming from southern China was a protective factor. Over 2/3 of patients recovered within 1 year and the type, number, and size of warts and treatment choice did not predict resolution.Study limitations and Conclusions This study demonstrated that warts had a relative lower morbidity and a higher spontaneous resolution rate in Chinese military recruits. The telephone interviews following the initial survey and the limitations of a cross-sectional study were the main drawbacks.

Exploring the common mechanism of Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule in the treatment of stroke and coronary heart disease through HIF1α-MMP9-mediated HIF1α signaling pathway / 药学学报

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are the most well-known cardiovascular diseases, which share many common pathological basis. Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YDXNT) is a commonly used Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of stroke and CHD. However, its action of mechanism of co-treatment for stroke and CHD is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the common mechanism of YDXNT in co-treatment of CHD and stroke using network pharmacology, experimental verification and molecular docking. An integrated literature mining and databases of IPA, ETCM, HERB, Swiss Target Prediction, OMIM and GeneCards were used to screen and predict active ingredients and potential targets of YDXNT in co-treatment of CHD and stroke. The protein-protein interaction network, GO analysis and pathway analysis were analyzed by IPA software. The effect of YDXNT on core targets was verified by immunofluorescence. UPLC-QTOF/MS and molecular docking were used to screen and predict the main active constituents of YDXNT and their interactions with core targets. A total of 151 potential targets are predicted for YDXNT in co-treatment of CHD and stroke. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)-mediated HIF1α signaling pathway serves as one of the common mechanisms. YDXNT could reduce the increase of mitochondrial fluorescence intensity and the protein expression of HIF1α and MMP9 in HL-1 and HA induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalin may be the material basis for treating stroke and CHD with YDXNT. In conclusion, the HIF1α signaling pathway is one of the common key mechanisms of YDXNT in the co-treatment of stroke and CHD. The study provides support and basis for the in-depth scientific connotation of the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "same treatment to different diseases".

Slicing specifications in general rule of processing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from slicing development of Chinese materia medica processed product and thinking and suggestion on slicing techniques / 中国中药杂志

Slicing is critical in the processing of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processed product and the specification(thickness) is closely related to the quality of the decoction. On the basis of clarifying the concept and evolution of slicing of CMM processed product by reviewing the Chinese herbal classics of the past dynasties and general rules of local processing standards, this study discussed the development history of slicing specifications in general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), analyzed the current situation and key problems, and proposed the thinking and suggestion on promoting the sound development of slicing of CMM processed product. Since 2000, the slicing thickness of CMM processed product in the general rules of local CMM processed product processing specifications newly revised and issued by 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has been consistent with that in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The standard that the thickness of extremely thin pieces is less than 0.5 mm is rarely retained, and the pieces in 0.5-1 mm thickness have not been found on the market, which is consistent with the provisions of the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This study can provide a historical and modern basis for the rationality of slicing of CMM processed product.

Circular RNA circRSF1 binds to HuR to promote radiation-induced inflammatory phenotype in hepatic stellate cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether circular RNA circRSF1 regulates radiation-induced inflammatory phenotype of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by binding to HuR protein and repressing its function.@*METHODS@#Human HSC cell line LX2 with HuR overexpression or knockdown was exposed to 8 Gy X-ray irradiation, and the changes in the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were detected by qRT-PCR. The expressions of IκBα and phosphorylation of NF-κB were detected with Western blotting. The binding of circRSF1 to HuR was verified by RNA pull-down assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP). The expressions of inflammatory factors, IκBα and the phosphorylation of NF-κB were detected after modifying the interaction between circRSF1 and HuR.@*RESULTS@#Knockdown of HuR significantly up- regulated the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, decreased IκBα expression and promoted NF-κB phosphorylation in irradiated LX2 cells, whereas overexpression of HuR produced the opposite changes (P < 0.05). Overexpression or knockdown of circRSF1 did not significantly affect the expression of HuR. RNA pull-down and RIP experiments confirmed the binding between circRSF1 and HuR. Overexpression of circRSF1 significantly reduced the binding of HuR to IκBα and down-regulated the expression of IκBα (P < 0.05). Overexpression of circRSF1 combined with HuR overexpression partially reversed the up-regulation of the inflammatory factors, down-regulated IκBα expression and increased phosphorylation of NFκB in LX2 cells, while the opposite effects were observed in cells with knockdown of both circRSF1 and HuR (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#circRSF1 reduces IκBα expression by binding to HuR to promote the activation of NF-κB pathway, thereby enhancing radiation- induced inflammatory phenotype of HSCs.

Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical utility of 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT in the detection of primary and metastatic gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC) and compared the results with those of 18F-FDG PET/CT. Methods:A total of 21 patients (10 males, 11 females, average age 52 years) with primary and metastatic GSRCC who underwent 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from June 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological results of surgery and (or) biopsy were used as the " gold standard" for final diagnosis. In cases whose surgery or tissue biopsies were not available, clinical and radiographic follow-up results were used as the reference standards. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the SUV max of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI. McNemar χ2 test was used to compare the detection rate between 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT. Results:68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed higher SUV max than 18F-FDG in primary tumors (5.3(2.4, 15.7) vs 2.4(1.8, 2.5); z=2.31, P=0.021), local recurrences (7.8(6.0, 8.9) vs 2.4(1.9, 3.4); z=2.20, P=0.028), lymph nodes metastases (7.7(4.5, 12.2) vs 2.4(1.9, 3.6); z=6.01, P<0.001) and bone/visceral metastases (6.7(5.3, 11.1) vs 2.4(2.0, 3.4); z=11.36, P<0.001). Regarding diagnostic accuracy, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed higher sensitivities than 18F-FDG for primary tumors (7/9 vs 2/9; χ2=3.20, P=0.063) and local recurrences (7/7 vs 2/7; χ2=3.20, P=0.063). It also demonstrated higher lesion detection rates than 18F-FDG for suspicious lymph node metastases (86%(65/76) vs 32%(24/76); χ2=31.37, P<0.001) and bone/visceral metastases (99%(184/185) vs 39%(73/185); χ2=107.08, P<0.001). Conclusions:68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed higher tumor uptake and lesion detection rate than 18F-FDG in the primary and metastatic GSRCC. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrates good diagnostic performance for tumor detection, staging, and restaging of GSRCC, which is helpful to further guide clinical treatment strategy.

Development of radiolabeled tetramer that targeting fibroblast activation protein and theranostic research in tumor xenografts / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To develop a tetramer probe targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP), named 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-4P(FAP inhibitor (FAPI)) 4, evaluate its biodistribution and PET image in FAP-positive-tumor bearing nude mice, and explore its feasibility as a novel radio-regent for treatment of FAP-positive tumor. Methods:FAP tetramer probe was constructed on the FAPI-46 motif with four mini-polyethylene glycol (PEG)(PEG 3) spacers between the four FAPI motifs, denoted as 4P(FAPI) 4. DOTA was used as the chelator for radiolabeling with 68Ga and 177Lu. The FAP binding characteristics were test by in vitro cell competitive binding experiment. Small-animal PET, in vivo biodistribution, and radionuclide targeting therapy were performed in HT-1080-FAP tumor bearing nude mice ( n=39). Independent-sample t test was performed to analyze tumor uptake data, and two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to compare tumor volume data in radioactive isotope therapy. Results:Cell experiment showed that FAPI-tetramer and FAPI-monomer had similar half maximal inhibitory concentration values (3.29 and 2.15 nmol/L). 68Ga/ 177Lu radiolabeled FAPI-tetramer had better tumor uptake and retention than FAPI-monomer in small-animal PET and in vivo biodistribution experiment, with the tumor uptake for 177Lu-DOTA-4P(FAPI) 4 and 177Lu-FAPI-46 at 48 h of (18.72±1.32) vs (2.72±1.20) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) ( t=15.55, P<0.001). 177Lu-DOTA-4P(FAPI) 4 group showed best anti-tumor efficacy compared with 177Lu-FAPI-46 and control group in radionuclide targeting therapy. On the 2nd day after the start of treatment, the tumor volume in the tetramer treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (mean difference 67.19 mm 3, P=0.049); on the 14th day after the start of treatment, the tumor volume in the tetramer treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the monomer treatment group (mean difference 414.33 mm 3, P=0.005). Conclusion:FAPI-tetramer can improve tumor uptake and retention ability compared with FAPI-46, and 177Lu-DOTA-4P(FAPI) 4 can be a promising radio-agent for FAP-positive tumor therapy.

The effects of dynamic instability training on the postural control, balance and walking of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of dynamic motor instability training on the balance and postural control of stroke survivors.Methods:Forty stroke survivors with poor balance were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each of 20. In addition to routine rehabilitation, the observation group was given 20 minutes of dynamic motor instability training, 5 days a week for 8 weeks, while the control group underwent routine rehabilitation for the same length of time. Before and after the intervention, surface electromyogram of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and erector spinae were recorded during perturbation. Activation time and the intensity of the anticipatory and complementary postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs) were also observed. Balance and lower limb motor functioning were assessed using the Berg balance scale (BBS), the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE), and GaitWatch analysis.Results:After the treatment the average activation time of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris in the affected side and those of the biceps femoris [(-84.31±5.74)s] and erector spinae in the intact side in APAs were all significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group, while the average activation intensity of the rectus femoris and erector spinae was significantly greater. There was no significant difference in the activation intensity of each muscle group in CPAs after the treatment. After the intervention the average BBS score, FMA-LE score, stride length and walking speed of the observation group all were significantly better than the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Supplementing traditional rehabilitation training with dynamic motor instability training can further improve the posture control of stroke survivors and promote recovery of their balance and walking ability.

Quantitative analysis of polymyxin B in human serum by LC-MS/MS / 药物流行病学杂志

Objective To develop a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of polymyxin B in human serum.Methods Polymyxin E2 was used as an internal standard and acetonitrile(0.1%formic acid)was used for protein precipitation.Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil GOLDTM C18 column.Mobile phase A was 0.1%formic acid in water,and mobile phase B was methanol.The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min-1,with gradient elution.The column temperature was 40℃.The injection volume was 2 μL and the analysis time was 3.3 min.Multiple reaction monitoring and electrospray ion source positive ion mode were applied for quantitative analysis.The quantitative analysis ion pairs were m/z 402.10>101.10(polymyxin B1),m/z 397.45>101.10(polymyxin B2),m/z 578.50>101.10(polymyxin E2).Results The linear relationship of polymyxin B1 was at 22-15 000 ng·mL-1 and B2 was at 5-1 700 ng·mL-1 in human serum,which achieved excellent linearity,and the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999 0.The lower limit of quantification of polymyxin B1 and B2 were 22 ng·mL-1 and 5 ng·mL-1,respectively.The accuracies were 95.98%-104.60%for polymyxin B1,98.11%-105.59%for polymyxin B2,respectively.The RSDs of intra-and inter-day precision were less than 15%.The recoveries of polymyxin B1 and B2 were 97.26%-103.31%and 95.81%-101.22%,respectively,and the matrix effects were 96.52%-109.54%and 93.29%-109.95%,respectively.The RSDs of the samples were all less than 15%.The mean AUC0-24h was(72.85±17.87)mg·h·L-1 in six patients.Conclusion The established LC-MS/MS method for determining polymyxin B in human serum meets the requirements of biological sample analysis.It is suitable for determining polymyxin B in human serum.