GLUT1-targeted Nano-delivery System for Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tumor cells use glycolysis to provide material and energy under hypoxic conditions to meet the energy requirements for rapid growth and proliferation， namely the Warburg effect. Even under aerobic conditions， tumor cells mainly rely on glycolysis to provide energy. Therefore， glucose transporter protein 1（GLUT1）， which is involved in the process of glucose metabolism， plays an important role in tumorigenesis， development and drug resistance， and is considered to be one of the important targets in the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years， research on tumor glucose metabolism has gradually become a hot spot. It has been shown that various factors are involved in the regulation of tumor energy metabolism， among which the role of GLUT1 is the most critical. In this paper， the authors reviewed the latest research progress of GLUT1-targeted traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） active ingredient nano-delivery system in tumor therapy， aiming to reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of this system in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. The GLUT1-targeted TCM active ingredient nano-delivery system can overcome the bottleneck of the traditional targeting strategy as well as the high-permeability long retention（EPR） effect. In summary， the authors believe that the GLUT1-targeted TCM active ingredient nano-delivery system provides a new strategy for targeted treatment of tumors and has a broad application prospect in tumor prevention and treatment.

Progress of LINGO-1 in neurological diseases / 国际儿科学杂志

LINGO-1，a Nogo receptor-interacting protein-1 rich in leucine repeat sequences and immunoglobulin structural domains，which is specifically expressed in neurological diseases. In recent years，more and more evidences indicate that LINGO-1 plays an important role in glial scar formation，cell death and inflammatory reaction. LINGO-1 inhibits oligodendrocyte activation，and prevents axon and myelin formation and functional recovery，and is therefore considered to be a negative regulator of neuronal survival，neurite extension and axon myelination. The change of LINGO-1 level is related to the occurrence and development of many neurological diseases. This article reviews the physiological function of LINGO-1 and summarizes the latest research progress of LINGO-1 in multiple sclerosis，spinal cord injury，neonatal brain injury and epilepsy，so as to explore new strategies for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Advances in the diagnosis of vasoinhibitory vasovagal syncope in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Vasoinhibitory vasovagal syncope（VVS-VI）in children is the most common type of responses in vasovagal syncope（VVS）and has a high incidence. VVS-VI is a recurrent disorder caused by a malfunctioning autonomic nervous system. VVS-VI can be caused by a variety of stimuli such as strong emotions，sudden changes in posture，hot and stuffy environments and prolonged standing. It was found that VVS-VI is a benign disease without organic lesions and is self-limiting and reversible，but VVS-VI children often suffer irreversible consequences due to secondary injuries. VVS-VI seriously affects the life and academic performance of children，endangers their physical and mental health，and causes anxiety among parents，so the number of studies on VVS-VI has increased in recent years. This article summarizes the progress of diagnostic research on VVS-VI in children，and provides a reference for related research.

Progress on microRNA in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（MPP）is a respiratory infectious diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae（MP）infection.It is one of the common community-acquired pneumonia in children. The pathogenesis of MPP may be related to the direct adhesion and damage of MP to the host and the disorder of immune response. At present，a large number of studies have confirmed that the immune disorder plays a vital role in the development of MPP. MicroRNA（miRNA）is a group of highly conserved non-protein-coding nucleotide sequences，involved in regulating the Th17/Treg ratio，nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB），CD4 +T/CD8 +T ratio，and Th1/Th2 ratio to play important roles in lung growth，inflammatory response and immune regulation during the pathogenesis of MPP. This article provides an overview of the mechanism of action of miRNAs in MPP，analyzes the potential connections between miRNAs and the development of MPP，and offers insights for the clinical assessment of children's condition and treatment plans.

Study on a clinical model of predicting severe asthma centered on peripheral blood neutrophils and oxidative stress molecules / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics,peripheral blood inflammatory cells and levels of oxidative stress indicators between severe asthma and non-severe asthma patients,analyze the effects of neutrophils and oxidative stress molecules on the severity of asthma,and build a biological model for early prediction of severe asthma.Methods From Aug 2018 to Jul 2019,67 adult patients with stable asthma in our hospital were enrolled in this study.The clinical characteristics,peripheral blood inflammatory cells and levels of oxidative stress indicators of severe asthma group and non-severe asthma group were compared.Single factor Logistic regression analysis was conducted on severe asthma to screen out the most important five variables.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis was further conducted to establish a prediction model for severe asthma.Results There were 25 severe asthma patients in this cohort,who had a longer course of disease,more frequent acute attacks,poorer asthma control,higher peripheral neutrophils,more severe obstructive ventilation dysfunction,lower myeloperoxidase(MPO)level and higher superoxide dismutase(SOD)than non-severe asthma patients.The patients with higher peripheral blood neutrophil count or proportion were more likely to show severe asthma,more frequent acute attacks,and more obvious reduction of pulmonary ventilation function.A panel of biomarkers,centered on peripheral blood neutrophil count and oxidative stress indicators SOD,human 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α),could build a model to predict severe asthma.Conclusion There are significant differences in clinical characteristics,peripheral blood inflammatory cells,and oxidative stress index levels between severe asthma patients and non-severe asthma patients.In stable asthma patients,levels of neutrophils and oxidative stress indicators such as SOD had an impact on the severity of asthma.The prediction model of severe asthma established on this basis provides a new idea for early recognition of severe asthma.

Salvia miltiorrhiza attenuates white matter injury induced by hypoperfusion in neonatal rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Premature birth is a major global health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity.White matter injury is the most common brain injury in preterm infants.Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional herbal plant that is commonly used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Asian countries. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on white matter injury in preterm infants. METHODS:Eighteen neonatal male Sprague-Dawley rats at 3-day gestational age were selected and randomized into normal group,white matter injury group,and Salvia miltiorrhiza group.Animal models of preterm white matter injury were established by permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery in the latter two groups.Rats in the Salvia miltiorrhiza group were given intraperitoneal injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza(5 mg/kg·d)for 7 consecutive days.Normal group and white matter injury group were given the same volume of PBS for intervention.On the 14th day after modeling,the rats were sacrificed.Brains were pathologically observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining under microscope,and the expression levels of myelin basic protein and CC1 in brain tissue were visualized using immunofluorescence.Furthermore,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze possible pathways for the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the white matter injury group,the structure of the corpus callosum was irregular and the cells appeared swollen and necrotic.In addition,induction of white matter injury resulted in significantly reduced myelin formation,with irregular and loosely arranged nerve fibers and significantly decreased myelin sheaths.Interestingly,white matter injury rats treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza had reduced cellular swelling,reduced lesions,and increased myelin sheaths.The expression of myelin basic protein was closely related to myelin formation,and CC1 was a marker of myelin oligodendrocytes.Salvia miltiorrhiza significantly up-regulated the expressions of myelin basic protein and CC1 in white matter injury rats(P＜0.000 1),indicating that Salvia miltiorrhiza alleviated white matter injury.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the rat model of white matter injury was closely related to the regulation of complement and coagulation cascades.To conclude,Salvia miltiorrhiza may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating preterm white matter injury.

Comparison of 3 evaluation criteria for potentially inappropriate medications in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication （PIM） in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures at admission and compare the concordance of 3 evaluation criteria. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to review the data of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures admitted to the Department of Orthopedics in Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from July 2022 to June 2023. The PIMs were identified according to the Criteria of Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Older Adults in China：2017 edition （hereinafter referred to as Chinese criteria）， American Geriatrics Society 2023 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Older Adults （hereinafter referred to as 2023 Beers criteria）， third version criteria for screening tool of older people’s prescriptions for potentially inappropriate medication （hereinafter referred to as STOPP criteria version 3）. The concordance of the 3 evaluation criteria was compared by using Kappa statistics. RESULTS A total of 246 patients were included in this study； 49 patients （19.92%） with 77 PIMs were detected by the Chinese criteria， 64 patients （26.02%） with 118 PIMs were detected by the 2023 Beers criteria， and 41 patients （16.67%） with 67 PIMs were detected by the STOPP criteria version 3； 22 patients met all three criteria simultaneously. The concordance among the three criteria showed moderate agreement （0.417≤Kappa≤0.486） when compared in pairs. CONCLUSIONS There are certain differences in the PIM evaluated by the three criteria， but the prevalence of PIMs is below 30% according to the different H202134） criteria. Benzodiazepines， antipsychotics， antidepressants， and other drugs may increase the risk of patients falling again.

Reliability of a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme to assist screw placement for thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme in assistance of screw placement for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods:From January 2019 to March 2023, 52 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were treated at Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Liyang. They were 29 males and 23 females, with an age of (58.2±13.3) years. They were divided into a template group and a free-hand group according to the different screw placements. In the template group of 25 cases, a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme was used to assist the pedicle positioning; in the free-hand group of 27 cases, the free hand screw placement was assisted only by image data and C-arm fluoroscopy. The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, intraoperative blood loss, complications, and placement accuracy were compared between the 2 groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra were compared between preoperation, 1 week postoperation, and the final follow-up, as well as between the 2 groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (11.2±4.2) months. The differences were not statistically significant between the 2 groups in intraoperative blood loss, rate of complications, VAS or ODI at preoperation, 1 week postoperation, or the final follow-up, or in anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra ( P>0.05). In the template group, the operation time [(80.1±18.5) min] was significantly longer than that in the free-hand group [(69.4±16.6) min], the intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency [2 (2, 3) times] significantly lower than that in the free-hand group [3 (3, 4) times], and the placement accuracy [98.4% (127/129)] significantly higher than that in the free-hand group [91.8% (112/122)] (all P<0.05). All patients showed significant improvements in VAS, ODI and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra at postoperative 1 week compared with the preoperative values, and the improvements at the last follow-up were significantly larger than those at postoperative 1 week ( P<0.05). No injury to the spinal cord, nerve root or blood vessel was observed postoperatively. Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the screw placement assisted by a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme is better than free-hand screw placement in terms of improved accuracy and reduced fluoroscopy, but the former incurs longer operative exposure than the latter. There is no significant difference between the 2 methods of screw placement in clinical efficacy.

Dual Inhibition of the Wnt Inhibitors DKK1 and Sclerostin Promotes Fracture Healing and Increases the Density and Strength of Uninjured Bone: An Experimental Study in Nonhuman Primates.

BACKGROUND: Fracture repair involves the reactivation of developmental signaling cascades, including Wnt signaling that stimulates bone formation and bone regeneration. Rodent data indicate that dual inhibition of the Wnt signaling antagonists sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) increases callus bone volume and strength while increasing bone mass systemically. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of 16 weeks of subcutaneously administered carrier solution (vehicle, VEH), anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab), anti-DKK1 antibody (DKK1-Ab), or Scl-Ab plus DKK1-Ab combination therapy (COMBO) on ulnar osteotomy healing in nonhuman primates (cynomolgus monkeys; 20 to 22 per group). RESULTS: Scl-Ab and COMBO therapy increased systemic markers of bone formation versus VEH, with COMBO leading to synergistic increases versus Scl-Ab or DKK1-Ab monotherapies. The COMBO and Scl-Ab groups showed reduced serum markers of bone resorption versus VEH. The COMBO and DKK1-Ab groups exhibited greater callus bone mineral density (BMD), torsional stiffness, and torsional rigidity versus VEH. Lumbar vertebrae from the Scl-Ab and COMBO groups showed greater BMD and bone formation rate versus VEH, and the femoral mid-diaphysis of the Scl-Ab and COMBO groups showed greater periosteal and endocortical bone formation rates versus VEH. CONCLUSIONS: DKK1-Ab increased BMD and strength at the ulnar osteotomy site, Scl-Ab increased bone formation and BMD at uninjured skeletal sites, and Scl-Ab plus DKK1-Ab combination therapy induced all of these effects, in some cases to a greater degree versus 1 or both monotherapies. These results in nonhuman primates suggest that DKK1 preferentially regulates bone healing while sclerostin preferentially regulates systemic bone mass. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Combination therapy with antibodies against sclerostin and DKK1 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for both fracture treatment and fracture prevention.

Effect of Stemona tuberosa Alkaloids on Apoptosis and PI3K/Akt and JNK/MAPK Signaling Pathways of Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Stemona tuberosa alkaloids （STA） on apoptosis and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） and c-Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （JNK/p38 MAPK） signaling pathways in human lung cancer A549 cells. MethodA549 cells were classified into blank group and STA groups （100， 150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L-1）. Thiazole blue （MTT） assay and colony formation assay were used to evaluate the proliferation of A549 cells. Apoptosis was observed based on Hoechst 33258 staining， flow cytometry， and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 （Caspase-3）， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax）， and Bcl-2， and the expression of PI3K， phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， JNK， p-JNK， p38 MAPK， and p-p38 MAPK. ResultCompared with the blank group， STA groups （150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L-1） demonstrated the increase in inhibition rate of cell proliferation （P<0.01） and cell clone inhibition rate， and decrease in cell clone formation rate （P<0.01）. In comparison with the blank group， STA groups showed typical characteristics of apoptosis， such as chromatin condensation and enhanced fluorescence reaction. The apoptosis rate of STA groups was significantly higher than that of the blank group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， STA （150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L-1） significantly up-regulated the protein expression of Caspase-3 and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， STA had no significant influence on the total protein expression of PI3K， Akt， JNK， and p38 MAPK. However， STA （150， 200， 250， 300 mg⋅L-1） significantly decreased the levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt （P<0.05， P<0.01） and increased the level of p-p38 MAPK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， STA （200， 250， 300 mg⋅L-1） significantly raised the level of p-JNK （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSTA can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and activating JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Combined with Chorea: Report of One Case and Literature Review / 中国医学科学院学报

Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with chorea is relatively rare in China,and there are no unified diagnostic criteria or specific ancillary tests.Therefore,it is confirmed by exclusionary clinical diagnosis.To improve the understanding of this disease among rheumatologists,we report the clinical data of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with chorea admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University in January 2022.Furthermore,we review the relevant literature in the past 10 years and summarize the clinical features of these cases.

Research and application of model fruit fly in prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders by traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds: a review / 中国中药杂志

As an important model animal, fruit fly is characterized by outstanding genetic characteristics, relatively perfect nervous system, rapid reproduction, and low cost. Thus, it has been applied in the research on neuropsychiatric disorders in recent years, showing great potential in life science. The incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders has been on the rise, and the disorders have high disability rate and low case fatality rate. The global drug demand for such diseases is second only to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the moment, the demand of the drugs for the diseases have been rising, and it is an urgent task to develop related drugs. However, the research and development of the drugs are time-intensive and have a high failure rate. A suitable animal model can help shorten the time for drug screening and development, thereby reducing the cost and failure rate. This study reviews the application of fruit flies in several common neuropsychiatric disorders, which is expected to provide new ideas for the research and application of the model animals in traditional Chinese medicine.

Study on the correlation between ceramic and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Foshan City / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To study the correlation between ceramic and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore its related risk factors. Methods: In January 2021, five representative ceramic enterprises were selected from Chancheng District, Nanhai District, Gaoming District and Sanshui District of Foshan City. The ceramic workers who came to Chancheng Hospital of Foshan First People's Hospital for physical examination from January to October 2021 were selected as the research objects, and 525 people were included. Conduct questionnaire survey and pulmonary function test. Logistic regresion was performed to analyze the influencing facters of COPD among ceramic workers. Results: The subjects were (38.51±1.25) years old, 328 males and 197 females, and the detection rate of COPD was 9.52% (50/525). The incidence of respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing and chest tightness, the detection rates of abnormal lung age, abnormal lung function and COPD in males were higher than those in females (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that male, age, working years, smoking status and family history of COPD were the risk factors for COPD among ceramic workers (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The ceramic workers are the high risk population of COPD. We should do a good job in health education, and do a regular physical examination to find the changes of lung function in time, and prevent the occurrence of COPD as soon as possible.

Long-term evaluation and physical and mental effects of residual tinnitus following treatment of sudden hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To clarify the long-term characteristics of tinnitus following treatment of sudden deafness and its long-term physical and mental effects on patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 88 patients (46 males and 42 females; Age from 11 to 89 years) with sudden deafness treated in Department of Otoscope Surgery of Peoples's Libration Army General Hospital in Beijing from April 2020 to January 2021, and the occurrence of tinnitus and treatment effect of all patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted for patients with residual tinnitus after treatment for more than 1 year by the investigation and filling in the survey information collection form, Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Descriptive statistics and SPSS 22.0 software were used for statistical data analysis. Results: In this study, 93.2% (82/88) of patients with sudden deafness were accompanied by tinnitus at the onset, and the proportion of long-term tinnitus after treatment was 90.2% (74/82). After 1 year of treatment for sudden deafness, the improvement of tinnitus was significant in low-frequency sudden deafness compared with those of high-frequency, flat and total deafness sudden deafness (χ2 value was 6.801, 4.568 and 4.038, all P<0.05). In patients with residual tinnitus, 9 (12.2%) patients felt minimal loudness or even no loudness, 34 (46.0%) patients felt slight loudness, 28 (37.8%) patients felt tinnitus was relatively loud, and 3 (4.1%) patients felt tinnitus was loud or noisy. Nine (12.2%) patients's sleep was often affected, 41 (55.4%) patients's sleep was sometimes affected, 9 (12.2%) patients's sleep was rarely affected, 15 (20.3%) patients's sleep was almost not affected. Twenty-eight (37.8%) patients basically completely adapted to tinnitus and 46 (62.2%) patients did not completely adapted to residual tinnitus. Eight (10.8%) patients had no impact on life, 39 (52.7%) patients had slight impact, 22 (29.7%) patients had moderate impact, and the other 5 (6.8%) patients had greater impact. According to tinnitus evaluation questionnaire(TEQ), there were 12 cases (16.2%) of grade Ⅰ, 26 cases (35.1%) of grade Ⅱ, 28 cases (37.8%) of grade Ⅲ, 7 cases (9.5%) of grade Ⅳ and 1 case (1.4%) of grade Ⅴ. According to tinnitus handicap inventory(THI), tinnitus disability was classified into grade Ⅰ, 22 cases (29.7%), grade Ⅱ, 14 cases (18.9%), Grade Ⅲ, 27 cases (36.5%) and grade Ⅳ, 11 cases (14.9%). Conclusion: The rate of residual tinnitus following treatment of sudden deafness is high. Some of the patients can completely adapt residual tinnitus after one year, but some of them will be affected when sleep, work and study. Residual tinnitus can lead to tinnitus disability in different degrees.

Differential diagnosis and surgical management in chondrosarcoma of the jugular foramen / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the diagnosis, surgical management and outcome of jugular foramen chondrosarcoma (CSA). Methods: Fifteen patients with jugular foramen CSA hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 2002 to February 2020 were retrospectively collected,of whom 2 were male and 13 were female, aging from 22 to 61 years old. The clinical symptoms and signs, imaging features, differential diagnosis, surgical approaches, function of facial nerve and cranial nerves IX to XII, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Results: Patients with jugular foramen CSA mainly presented with facial paralysis, hearing loss, hoarseness, cough, tinnitus and local mass. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) could provide important information for diagnosis. CT showed irregular destruction on bone margin of the jugular foramen. MR demonstrated iso or hypointense on T1WI, hyperintense on T2WI and heterogeneous contrast-enhancement. Surgical approaches were chosen upon the sizes and scopes of the tumors. Inferior temporal fossa A approach was adopted in 12 cases, inferior temporal fossa B approach in 2 cases and mastoid combined parotid approach in 1 case. Five patients with facial nerve involved received great auricular nerve graft. The House Brackmann (H-B) grading scale was used to evaluate the facial nerve function. Preoperative facial nerve function ranked grade Ⅴ in 4 cases and grade Ⅵ in 1 case. Postoperative facial nerve function improved to grade Ⅲ in 2 cases and grade Ⅵ in 3 cases. Five patients presented with cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ palsies. Hoarseness and cough of 2 cases improved after operation, while the other 3 cases did not. All the patients were diagnosed CSA by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, with immunohistochemical staining showing vimentin and S-100 positive, but cytokeratin negative in tumor cells. All patients survived during 28 to 234 months' follow-up. Two patients suffered from tumor recurrence 7 years after surgery and received revision surgery. No complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection occurred after operation. Conclusions: Jugular foramen CSA lacks characteristic symptoms or signs. Imaging is helpful to differential diagnosis. Surgery is the primary treatment of jugular foramen CSA. Patients with facial paralysis should receive surgery in time as to restore the facial nerve. Long-term follow-up is necessary after surgery in case of recurrence.

Investigation on biological subtypes of depression based on diffusion tensor imaging / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundBeing complex and highly heterogeneous with regard to the etiology and clinical manifestations of depression， neuroimaging studies make a breakthrough for exploring the biological subtypes of depression， while the current data-driven approach for the identification of subtyping depression using structural magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） data is insufficient. ObjectiveTo explore the biological subtypes of depression using diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） and machine learning methods. MethodsA total of 127 patients with depression who attended Beijing Anding Hospital from September 2017 to August 2021 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） diagnostic criteria were included， and another 80 healthy individuals matched for gender and age were recruited through advertisements in surrounding communities during the same period. DTI findings， demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from all participants. Tract-based spatial statistics （TBSS） and the Johns Hopkins University （JHU） white matter probability maps were used to extract fractional anisotropy （FA） values of white matter tracts. A semi-supervised machine learning technique was used to identify the subtypes， and the FA values for whole brain white matter of patients and controls were compared. ResultsPatients with depression were classified into two biological subtypes. FA values in multiple tracts including corpus callosum and corona radiata of subtype I patients were smaller than those of healthy controls （P<0.01， FDR corrected）， and FA values in middle cerebellar peduncle， left superior cerebellar peduncle and left cerebral peduncle of subtype II patients were larger than those of healthy controls （P<0.01， FDR-corrected）. Baseline Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） score yielded no statistical difference between subtype I and subtype II patients （P>0.05）， while subtype I patients scored lower on HAMD-17 than subtype II patients after 12 weeks of treatment （t=2.410， P<0.05）. ConclusionDepression patients exhibit two biological subtypes with distinct patterns of white matter damage. Furthermore， the subtypes respond differently to the medication treatment. ［Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China （number， 2016YFC1307200）， the Scientific Research and Cultivation Program of Beijing Municipal Hospitals （number，PX2023066）， Beijing Anding Hospital， Capital Medical University （number，YJ201904， YJ201911）； www.chictr.org.cn number： ChiCTR-OOC-17012566］

Development of a CLDN18.2-targeting immuno-PET probe for non-invasive imaging in gastrointestinal tumors / 药物分析学报

Claudin18.2(CLDN18.2)is a tight junction protein that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal cancer and oesophageal cancer.It has been identified as a promising target and a potential biomarker to diagnose tumor,evaluate efficacy,and determine patient prognosis.TST001 is a recombinant humanized CLDN18.2 antibody that selectively binds to the extracellular loop of human Claudin18.2.In this study,we constructed a solid target radionuclide zirconium-89(89Zr)labled-TST001 to detect the expression of in the human stomach cancer BGC823CLDN18.2 cell lines.The[89Zr]Zr-des-ferrioxamine(DFO)-TST001 showed high radiochemical purity(RCP,＞99％)and specific activity(24.15±1.34 GBq/μmol),and was stable in 5％human serum albumin,and phosphate buffer saline(＞85％RCP at 96 h).The EC50 values of TST001 and DFO-TST001 were as high as 0.413±0.055 and 0.361±0.058 nM(P＞0.05),respectively.The radiotracer had a significantly higher average standard uptake values in CLDN18.2-positive tumors than in CLDN18.2-negative tumors(1.11±0.02 vs.0.49±0.03,P=0.0016)2 days post injection(p.i.).BGC823CLDN18.2 mice models showed high tumor/muscle ratios 96 h p.i.with[89Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was much higher than those of the other imaging groups.Immunohistochemistry results showed that BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors were highly positive(+++)for CLDN18.2,while those in the BGC823 group did not express CLDN18.2(-).The results of ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that there was a higher distribution in the BGC823CLDN18.2 tumor bearing mice(2.05±0.16％ID/g)than BGC823 mice(0.69±0.02％ID/g)and blocking group(0.72±0.02％ID/g).A dosimetry estimation study showed that the effective dose of[89Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was 0.0705 mSv/MBq,which is within the range of acceptable doses for nuclear medicine research.Taken together,these re-sults suggest that Good Manufacturing Practices produced by this immuno-positron emission tomog-raphy probe can detect CLDN18.2-overexpressing tumors.

Evaluation of the effect of linker on novel targeted PSMA PET probe / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To prepare a novel targeted prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) molecular probe Al 18F-PSMA-136, and evaluate the effects of the change in linker on the biological behavior and tumor targeting ability. Methods:Al 18F-PSMA-136 was prepared by replacing the phenyl of Al 18F-PSMA-137 with cyclohexyl in 1, 4, 7-triazacylononane-1, 4, 7-triaceticacid (NOTA). The inhibition abilities of PSMA of NOTA-PSMA-136 and NOTA-PSMA-137 were determined by N-acetylated-α-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) method. The radiochemical purity and in vitro stability of the labeled products were analyzed by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. The PSMA specificity and tumor targeting capability of the probes were investigated in 22Rv1 (PSMA positive-expressing) cells and mouse models. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:The Ki values of NOTA-PSMA-136 and NOTA-PSMA-137 were 3.41 and 0.30 nmol/L, respectively. The labeling yield of Al 18F-PSMA-136 was (30.1±8.4)% and the specific activity was (18.7±5.3) GBq/μmol. The radiochemical purities of the two probes were both greater than 95% and the stabilities in vitro were both good. Both probes showed PSMA-specific in 22Rv1 cells, but the uptake of Al 18F-PSMA-137 was significantly higher than that of Al 18F-PSMA-136 (1 h: (1.67±0.24) vs (1.00±0.01) percentage injected activity per 1×10 5 cells (%IA/1×10 5 cells): t=4.78, P=0.003; 2 h: (2.11±0.06) vs (1.03±0.06) %IA/1×10 5 cells; t=19.90, P<0.001). MicroPET/CT imaging showed that Al 18F-PSMA-136 and Al 18F-PSMA-137 had similar distribution in vivo, mainly concentrated in kidneys, intestine, gallbladder, bladder and tumor. However, the uptake of Al 18F-PSMA-137 in tumor was significantly higher than that of Al 18F-PSMA-136 (1 h: 1.78±0.10 vs 0.54±0.08; t=13.29, P<0.001; 2 h: 1.95±0.01 vs 0.52±0.11; t=18.53, P<0.001). Conclusion:Changes in the NOTA-conjugated linker can significantly affect the PSMA inhibition ability and tumor targeting, and the imaging effect of Al 18F-PSMA-137 with strong lipophilicity is superior.

Comparison of effects of absolute scatter correction and relative scatter correction on image quality in PET reconstruction / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To study the impact of different scattering correction algorithms in the reconstruction of PET/CT images on image artifacts and the precision of quantitative parameters.Methods:The phantom as described in the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2 standard was filled with 18F. The background activity was fixed, and the activity of the solution in the spheres was adjusted to obtain several configurations, including the normal ratio group (4.08∶1) and the extreme ratio group (200∶1). The surface contamination group with the same ratio as the extreme ratio group contained a small radioactive source with different doses of 18F (74, 37, 3.7 and 0.37 MBq) placed at the surface of the phantom. PET/CT images of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females, age: (44.5±10.2) years) from Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute between July 2012 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 with normal images ( 18F-FDG) and 20 with abnormal images (10 with dislocation during acquisition, 10 with surface contamination). The images were reconstructed with relative and absolute scattering correction. The phantom was evaluated using the target to background ratio (TBR) and the artifact classification. CV as well as the artifact classification were used to compare the clinical image quality. Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:In the normal ratio group and the extreme ratio group, the TBRs of phantom images reconstructed with relative correction were significantly higher than those with absolute correction (normal ratio group: 3.30(1.94, 4.53) vs 2.72(1.56, 3.56); z=-2.20, P=0.028; extreme ratio group: 105.47(45.62, 162.82) vs 101.36(43.96, 155.57); z=-1.99, P=0.046). In the surface contamination group, with the increase of the activity of the small source, the artifact became more obvious, and the artifact classification score of absolute correction was significantly better than that of relative correction (1.5(1.0, 2.0) vs 2.5(2.0, 3.0); z=-2.00, P=0.046). In the 10 normal 18F-FDG PET/CT patients, the CVliver of the relative correction (9.67%(8.00%, 11.00%)) was significantly lower than that of absolute correction (11.00%(9.00%, 12.00%); z=-2.57, P=0.010), indicating the higher image quality of images with relative correction. In abnormal images, the image quality of absolute correction was significantly higher than that of relative correction with fewer and less severe artifacts (dislocation cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019; surface contamination cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019). Conclusions:The relative scattering correction is suitable for normal situations in clinical PET acquisition. However, with dislocation or surface contamination, the absolute scattering correction helps to reduce the artifacts and improve the image quality.

Progress on diagnosis and treatment of vasovagal syncope in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Vasovagal syncope(VVS), the most common type of syncope in children, is a functional cardiovascular disease that rarely threatens life, but repeated syncope episodes seriously affect children′s learning and daily life, and some children even appear accidental physical injury, which has gradually become a hot topic of research at home and abroad.According to the positive reaction type of VVS in the head-up tilt test, the children can be further divided into vascular inhibitory type, cardiac inhibitory type and mixed type, in which the mixed type and vascular inhibitory type are main.This article mainly reviews the progress of diagnosis and treatment of VVS in children in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.