ABSTRACT
RESUMEN En Perú, una de las primeras medidas preventivas para allanar la curva epidemiológica de la pandemia COVID-19 fue la cuarentena, que cambió de forma importante la conducta alimentaria, la actividad física y la salud mental. Objetivo : Determinar las modificaciones de la conducta alimentaria, actividad física y salud mental antes y durante la cuarentena por la pandemia COVID-19 en adultos jóvenes. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal en 384 adultos entre 18 y 24 años, mediante una encuesta virtual que incluyó: Cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad física y Cuestionario de cambios en la salud mental, analizados mediante ji - cuadrado. Resultados : Durante la cuarentena se encontró un incremento en la distribución de frecuencia de comidas diarias [desayuno (p < 0,001), media mañana (p < 0,05), almuerzo (p < 0,001), merienda (p<0,001), cena (p < 0,05)] y de las preferencias alimentarias, con aumento en el consumo de frutas (p = 0,005) y una disminución de comidas rápidas (p < 0,05) y golosinas (p = 0,03). El nivel de actividad física bajo fue más frecuente (Varones: 28,4%; Mujeres: 25,3%) y hubo una disminución en las horas de sueño, por otro lado, la salud mental se vio severamente afectada durante la cuarentena. Conclusiones : Los resultados indican que la cuarentena ha producido variaciones en la conducta alimentaria, una disminución de la actividad física y un aumento de problemas de salud mental. Estas modificaciones representan un riesgo de sobrepeso u obesidad, incluso, desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles.
SUMMARY In Peru, one of the first interventions to flattened the epidemiologic curve of the pandemic was quarantine that changed eating behavior, physical activity and mental health of the population. Objective : to determine modifications in eating behavior, physical activity and mental health in young adults before and after the quarantine. Methods : cohort study involving 384 adults from 18 to 24 years of age that were subjected to a virtual interview and application of an international questionnaire to evaluate changings in eating behavior, physical activity and mental health contrasted by Chi square. Results : an increase in the distribution of daily foods [breakfast (p<0.001), morning snack (p<0.05), lunch (p<0.001), afternoon snack (p<0.001), dinner (p<0.05)] and an increase in ingestion of fruits (p=0.005) and reduction in the ingestion of fast food (p<0.05) and candies (p=0.03). Physical activity decreases specially in males vs females (28.4% vs. 25.3%) and there was a reduction in the total number of sleep hours, mental health was severely affected. Conclusions : quarantine induced variations in eating behavior, reduction in physical activity and increase in mental health disorders. These modifications put the population at risk for weight gain or obesity and eventually to non-transmissible diseases.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad metabólicamente sana en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Materiales y métodos: Investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal, que incluyó a 37 estudiantes de Medicina obesos. Para clasificar a los participantes como personas con obesidad metabólicamente sana (EObMS) u obesidad metabólicamente enferma (EObME), se evaluó circunferencia de la cintura (CC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD), trigliceridemia (TG), colesterol-HDL sérico (C-HDL) y glucemia. Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad en estudiantes de Medicina fue de 9,14 %. Según la clasificación del ATP III, el 78,38 % de la muestra presentó obesidad metabólicamente sana. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el colesterol HDL en hombres, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica entre los grupos con obesidad metabólicamente sana y obesidad metabólicamente enferma. De acuerdo con la clasificación de Wildman modificada, la prevalencia de obesidad metabólicamente sana fue de 64,86 %, con diferencias significativas en el colesterol HDL en el grupo de los hombres y de las mujeres; y también en triglicéridos, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica entre los grupos con obesidad metabólicamente sana y obesidad metabólicamente enferma. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de obesidad metabólicamente sana en estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo es elevada.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity in medical students from the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Materials and methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional research which included 37 medical students with obesity. Waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycemia were evaluated to classify the participants as having metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Results: The prevalence of obesity in the medical students was 9.14 %. According to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III),78.38 % of the sample had MHO. Significant differences in HDL-C were found among the male students, and in SBP and DBP among the students with MHO and MUO. According to the Wildman modified classification, the prevalence of MHO was 64.86 %, with significant differences in HDL-C among the male and female students, and in TG, SBP and DBP among the students with MHO and MUO. Conclusions: The prevalence of MHO in medical students from the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo is high.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults of Trujillo according to diagnostic criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, prospective and cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 adults in Trujillo, selected by probability sampling and stratified by sex and age. Information on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests was collected; Criteria proposed by the ATP III and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) for MS, as well as Gomez and JIS for HTGW were applied. EPIDAT software was used to calculate Z test, Student t test and the Kappa (k) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. RESULTS: Information regarding 239 men and 261 women were collected. The frequency of HTGW according to Gomez criteria was 30% in the total sample, 29.7% in men and 30.3% women. According to JIS criteria the frequency was 34% in the total sample, 38.1% in men and 30.3% women. Metabolic Syndrome with JIS criteria had good agreement with HTGW according to Gomez criteria with k = 0.63 and according to JIS criteria with k = 0.66. CONCLUSIONS: Good agreement was evidenced between the HTGW according to Gomez and JIS criteria and MS according to JIS.
Subject(s)
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peru , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivos. Determinar la concordancia entre la cintura hipertrigliceridémica (CHTG) y el síndrome metabólico (SM) en adultos de Trujillo según criterios diagnósticos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal en un muestra de 500 personas adultas de Trujillo, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico y estratificado (por sexo y edad). Se recopiló información consistente en medidas antropométricas, presión arterial y pruebas bioquímicas; luego se aplicó los criterios propuestos por el ATP III y Joint Interin Statement (JIS) para SM, así como los de Gómez y JIS para CHTG. Se usó el programa EPIDAT, donde se calculó la frecuencia, test Z, prueba de T Student y el test de Kappa (k) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %. Resultados. Se recogió información concerniente a 239 varones y 261 mujeres. La frecuencia de CHTG según criterios de Gómez fue 30% en el total de la muestra, 29,7% en varones y 30,3% en mujeres. Según criterios JIS la frecuencia fue 34% en el total de población, 38,1% en varones y 30,3% en mujeres. El SM según criterios JIS tuvo una buena concordancia con CHTG según criterios de Gómez con k=0,63 y según criterios JIS con k=0,66, en el total de población. Conclusiones. Se evidenció buena concordancia entre la CHTG según ambos criterios y SM según JIS.
Objectives. To determine the correlation between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults of Trujillo according to diagnostic criteria. Materials and methods. Observational, prospective and cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 adults in Trujillo, selected by probability sampling and stratified by sex and age. Information on anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests was collected; Criteria proposed by the ATP III and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) for MS, as well as Gomez and JIS for HTGW were applied. EPIDAT software was used to calculate Z test, Student t test and the Kappa (k) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results. Information regarding 239 men and 261 women were collected. The frequency of HTGW according to Gomez criteria was 30% in the total sample, 29.7% in men and 30.3% women. According to JIS criteria the frequency was 34% in the total sample, 38.1% in men and 30.3% women. Metabolic Syndrome with JIS criteria had good agreement with HTGW according to Gomez criteria with k = 0.63 and according to JIS criteria with k = 0.66. Conclusions. Good agreement was evidenced between the HTGW according to Gomez and JIS criteria and MS according to JIS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Hypertriglyceridemic Waist/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Peru , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to compare atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with the conventional rotational restorative method (CM) to determine in both cases the total time required for the procedure, the cost, the presence of pain, and the behavior of pediatric patients in Peru. Of the 30 children selected for the study, half received ART and restoration with glass ionomer cement and the other half, CM and restoration with amalgam. The study parameters were the times required to remove the decayed tissue and to complete the entire procedure, the total cost of the procedure, the presence of pain, and the patient's behavior during treatment. Significant differences were found between the two techniques in all parameters, except for the patient's behavior. Although removing the decayed tissue was faster with the CM, the entire procedure was faster with ART, which, moreover, was significantly less expensive and less painful than the CM. The results indicated that ART is a very good alternative due to its low cost and acceptance by the children.
Subject(s)
Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment , Dental Caries/therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
El presente estudio se propuso comparar la práctica restaurativa atraumática (PRAT) con el método tradicional (MT) rotacional, con el objetivo de determinar en ambos casos el tiempo total del procedimiento, el costo, la presencia de dolor y el comportamiento en pacientes pediátricos de Perú. De los 30 niños y niñas seleccionados para el estudio, la mitad fueron sometidos a la PRAT y restauración con cemento de ionómero de vidrio y la otra mitad fueron tratados con el MT y restauración con amalgama. Los parámetros de análisis fueron los tiempos necesarios para remover el tejido cariado y el procedimiento operatorio total, el costo total del procedimiento, la manifestación de dolor y el comportamiento del paciente durante el tratamiento. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas en todos los parámetros, excepto en el comportamiento del paciente. Si bien la remoción del tejido cariado con el MT fue más rápida, el procedimiento completo fue más rápido en la PRAT, que además resultó significativamente menos costosa y menos dolorosa que el MT. Los resultados indicaron que la PRAT es una muy buena alternativa por su bajo costo y aceptación por parte de los niños.
The purpose of this study is to compare atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with the conventional rotational restorative method (CM) to determine in both cases the total time required for the procedure, the cost, the presence of pain, and the behavior of pediatric patients in Peru. Of the 30 children selected for the study, half received ART and restoration with glass ionomer cement and the other half, CM and restoration with amalgam. The study parameters were the times required to remove the decayed tissue and to complete the entire procedure, the total cost of the procedure, the presence of pain, and the patient's behavior during treatment. Significant differences were found between the two techniques in all parameters, except for the patient's behavior. Although removing the decayed tissue was faster with the CM, the entire procedure was faster with ART, which, moreover, was significantly less expensive and less painful than the CM. The results indicated that ART is a very good alternative due to its low cost and acceptance by the children.