Identification and validation of basement membrane-related genes predicting prognosis and immune infiltration associated with bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is fatal during muscle invasion and treatment progress is limited. In this study, we aimed to construct and validate basement membrane (BM)-associated gene prognosis to predict BC progression and tumor immune infiltration correlation. We choreographed BM-related genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using COX regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and the predictive value of BM-related genes was further validated by the GSE32548, GSE129845, and immunohistochemistry staining. All analyses were performed with R-version 4.2.2, and its appropriate packages. Three genes were identified to construct a gene signature to predictive of BC prognosis. We divided the TCGA database into 2 groups, and patients in the high-risk group had worse overall survival (OS) than those in the low-risk group. In GSE32548, we confirmed that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis compared to those in the low-risk group in terms of OS. Immunohistochemical staining of EPEMP1, GPC2, and ITGA3 showed significantly higher expression at the protein level in BC tissues than in normal tissues. The Spearman analysis showed risk score was positively correlated with B cell naïve, Macrophages M2, and Mast cells resting. stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE scores were significantly higher in the high-risk group. drugs sensitivity analysis showed IC50 of Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Methotrexate in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. We identified 3 prognostic genes from a novel perspective of BM genes as effective risk stratification tools for BC patients.

Rare papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity: A case report and review of the literature.

Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) is a rare renal tumour and was newly named in 2019. This study reported a case of a 30-year-old female patient with a left renal tumour without any clinical symptoms and whose CT scan of her left kidney showed a mass of 2.6 cm×2.3 cm, which was considered to be renal clear cell carcinoma. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity, which had unique clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, KRAS gene mutation and relatively indolent biological behaviour. As newly diagnosed cases, rigorous and regular follow-up is necessary. In addition, a literature review was performed from 1978 to 2022, and 97 cases of papillary renal neoplasms with reverse polarity were identified and analysed.

Rare complication of ureteral double-J stenting after ureteroscopy: pelvic ectopic renal parenchymal perforation.

Scarce data are available on pelvic ectopic renal parenchymal perforation. However, this complication might lead to serious consequences. Clinicians should pay attention to the early identification and treatment of this complication. We herein report the first case of pelvic ectopic renal parenchymal perforation caused by a double-J stent after ureteroscopy. Compared with previously reported cases of renal parenchymal perforation not involving an ectopic kidney, our case involved no renal capsule hematoma and no other serious complications. Our primary management strategy was to review relevant examinations and tests, perform close monitoring, and instruct the patient to stay in bed. The patient recovered smoothly after the ureteral stent was removed 1 month postoperatively.

Rare primary bladder mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A case report and review of literature.

Primary bladder mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extremely rare bladder tumor. Only scarce reports have been reported. We hereby report a case of an 81-year-old female patient with bladder tumor presenting with frequent urination and dysuria, whose pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) considered bladder cancer. She underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), and histopathology confirmed the mass to be bladder MALT lymphoma. The patient refused further treatment, and no disease recurrence one year after surgery. The current data are insufficient to draw conclusions about the long-term efficacy of treatment for this tumor, regular follow-up is necessary. To further understand the clinical features, pathology, treatment and prognosis of this tumor, we have searched the literature from 1990 to the present, analyzing a total of 64 cases of primary MALT lymphoma.

Intravenous misplacement of the nephrostomy catheter following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: a case report and literature review.

Intravenous misplacement of the nephrostomy catheter following percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL) is extremely rare, and little information is available about this complication. Because the patient's prognosis may be poor, sufficient attention should be paid to early identification and treatment of this complication. We present an uncommon case of a patient with intravenous nephrostomy catheter misplacement after PCNL at our hospital. In our patient, the tip of the nephrostomy catheter was located in the inferior vena cava. It was successfully managed using two-step catheter withdrawal under fluoroscopy, and the percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was able to be withdrawn 7 to 8 cm back into the collecting system in stages with the surgical team on standby. There were no severe complications such as deep vein thrombosis that developed during or after the catheter withdrawal. Patients could be managed conservatively using intravenous antibiotics, strict bed rest, and tube withdrawal using computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy guide in most cases combined with information in the literature. Additionally, open surgery could be used as an alternative treatment.

Mechanism of EGCG promoting apoptosis of MCF-7 cell line in human breast cancer.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the apoptosis of the human MCF-7 cancer cell line and the underlying mechanism. MCF-7 cells were divided into the control group and EGCG groups. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells in the two groups was determined using MTT and apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were used to analyze P53 and Bcl-2 expression levels. The silencing effect of specific siRNA was evaluated using RT-PCR and western blot analysis. P53 and Bcl-2 expression levels were determined using western blot analysis in the si-P53, EGCG and EGCG-combined si-P53 groups. EGCG inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and IC50 was 37.681 mol/l. The apoptotic rates were 1.37 and 5.83% (t=8.9, p=0.0124) in the blank control and treatment groups after treatment with 30 µmol/l EGCG. The RT-qPCR and western blot results demonstrated that the effect of siRNA interference was evident. The expression of P53 in the EGCG-combined si-P53 group was higher than that of the si-P53 group, but lower than the EGCG group. The Bcl-2 expression level in the EGCG-combined si-P53 group was lower than that of the si-P53 group and higher than that of the EGCG group. In conclusion, EGCG suppressed the proliferation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. In addition, the underlying mechanism may be related to the P53/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.

Effects of TPX2 gene on radiotherapy sensitization in breast cancer stem cells.

The present study explored the link between the targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) gene and breast tumor stem cells in order to screen novel radiosensitizers. Expression of TPX2 protein and gene in breast cancer cells was analyzed by western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Three kinds of broad-spectrum sensitizers were selected and their effects on radiotherapy were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in breast tumor stem cells. TPX2 gene and protein were expressed in breast tumor cells and increased gradually along with the expression of cancer cell differentiation; 25 mg/l lovastatin showed best radio-sensitizing effects on breast cancer cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rate of breast cancer cells processed by 25 mg/l lovastatin were significantly decreased. In conclusion, TPX2 gene is closely related to the development of breast cancer stem cells. Moreover, the sensitizing effects of lovastatin on breast tumor stem cells are the result of its influence on the TPX2 gene.

[Estrogen reduces the expressions of ryanodine receptor type 1 and Cav1.3 L-type calcium channel in the vaginal smooth muscle cells of rats].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the expressions of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) and Cav1.3 L-type calcium channel (Cav1.3) in the vaginal smooth muscle cells of castrated rats and investigate the correlation of RyR1 and Cav1.3 with estrogen in female sexual dysfunction. METHODS: Forty female SD rats of 8 weeks were randomly divided into Groups A (2-week sham operation), B (4-week sham operation), C (2-week castration) and D (4-week castration). Two and 4 weeks after surgery, the serum estradiol level was determined with the automated immunochemiluminescence system and the expressions of RyR1 and Cav1.3 in the vaginal smooth muscle were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Gray scale ratio was used to represent the mRNA expression levels of RyR1 and Car1.3, and the optical density value to denote their protein expression levels. RESULTS: Serum estradiol was significantly decreased in Group C ([0.210 +/- 0.026] nmol/L) as compared with A ([0.505 +/- 0.053] nmol/L) (P < 0.01), and so was it in Group D ([0.130 +/- 0.031] nmol/L) in comparison with B ([0.476 +/- 0.058] nmol/L) (P < 0.01). RyR1 and Cav1.3 were expressed in all groups. The mRNA expressions of RyR1 and Cav1.3 were significantly reduced in Group C (0. 680 +/- 0.073 and 0.580 +/- 0.043) as compared with A (0.950 +/- 0.064 and 0.870 +/- 0.019) (P < 0.01), as well as in Group D (0.220 +/- 0.032 and 0.190 +/- 0.020) in comparison with B (0.890 +/- 0.072 and 0.820 +/- 0.021) (P < 0.01). The protein expressions of RyR1 and Cav1.3 were significantly down-regulated in Group C (96.67 +/- 7.75 and 87.97 +/- 6.96) as compared with A (123.69 +/- 10.66 and 106.46 +/- 8.04) (P < 0.01), and so were they in D (86.45 +/- 8.16 and 69.43 +/- 8.30) in comparison with B (109.31 +/- 9.87 and 97.38 +/- 7.56) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Both RyR1 and Cav1.3 were expressed in the vaginal smooth muscle cells of the rats, and estrogen might be involved in the regulation of female sexual reaction by acting on the expressions of RyR1 and Cav1.3.