Positive and negative factors of parents vaccinating their children against COVID-19: An umbrella review.

Purpose: This umbrella review summarized the factors influencing parents' hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and the evidence to reduce it. Methods: The analysis included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus articles published before March 22, 2024. It considered all meta-analyses that investigated parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results: Eight studies were included. Hesitancy rate of parents from five continents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was between 0.69 % and 95.0 %. The comprehensive synthesis in this review shows that the influencing factors originate from four aspects: Parents' attitudes, including their trust in the scientific community, concerns about COVID-19 complications, perceptions of children's susceptibility, and support from the social environment, including government incentives, low vaccination costs, and specific sociodemographic characteristics, were positive factors that reduced parental vaccine hesitancy in children. Conversely, negative aspects, including vaccine distrust, the spread of misinformation, poor economic status, and concern about unprecedentedly short development time, were associated with increased hesitancy. Conclusion: Our study identified positive and negative factors for parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in children and highlighted that parental attitude was the most important determinant.

Impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on college students' hesitancy to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses: A study from Taizhou, China.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the hesitancy of college students to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Methods: A population-based self-administered online survey was conducted in July 2024 in Taizhou, China. A total of 792 respondents were included in this study. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with college students' hesitation to receive booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Of 792 respondents, 32.2 % hesitated to receive additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine booster. Furthermore, 23.5 % of the respondents reported an increase in hesitancy to receiving additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses compared to before they were infected with SARS-CoV-2. In the regression analyses, college students who had a secondary infection were more hesitant to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses (OR = 0.481, 95 % CI: (0.299-0.774), P = 0.003). Moreover, students with secondary infections who were male (OR = 0.417, 95 % CI: 0.221-0.784, P = 0.007), with lower than a bachelor's degree (OR = 0.471, 95 % CI: 0.272-0.815, P = 0.007), in non-medical majors (OR = 0.460, 95 % CI: 0.248-0.856, P = 0.014), and sophomores or below (OR = 0.483, 95 % CI: 0.286-0.817, P = 0.007) were more hesitant to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Conclusion: A history of SARS-CoV-2 infection affects college students' hesitation to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses, which was higher in those who experienced secondary infections.

Relationship between the microenvironment and survival in kidney transplantation: a bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023.

Background: Kidney transplantation is considered the most effective treatment for end-stage renal failure. Recent studies have shown that the significance of the immune microenvironment after kidney transplantation in determining prognosis of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to provide an overview of the knowledge structure and research trends regarding the immune microenvironment and survival in kidney transplantation. Methods: Our search included relevant publications from 2013 to 2023 retrieved from the Web of Science core repository and finally included 865 articles. To perform the bibliometric analysis, we utilized tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix". The analysis focused on various aspects, including country, author, year, topic, reference, and keyword clustering. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 865 articles were found, with a trend of steady increase. China and the United States were the countries with the most publications. Nanjing Medical University was the most productive institution. High-frequency keywords were clustered into 6 areas, including kidney transplantation, transforming growth factor ß, macrophage, antibody-mediated rejection, necrosis factor alpha, and dysfunction. Antibody mediated rejection (2019-2023) was the main area of research in recent years. Conclusion: This groundbreaking bibliometric study comprehensively summarizes the research trends and advances related to the immune microenvironment and survival after kidney transplantation. It identifies recent frontiers of research and highlights promising directions for future studies, potentially offering fresh perspectives to scholars in the field.

Targeted Bacterial Keratitis Treatment with Polyethylene Glycol-Dithiothreitol- Boric Acid Hydrogel and Gatifloxacin.

OBJECTIVE: To prolong the ocular residence time of gatifloxacin and enhance its efficacy against bacterial keratitis, this study developed a velocity-controlled polyethylene glycol-dithiothreitol- boric acid (PDB) hydrogel loaded with gatifloxacin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, the basic properties of the synthesized PDB hydrogel and the gatifloxacin- loaded PDB hydrogel were assessed. Secondly, the in vitro degradation rate of the drugloaded PDB was measured in a simulated body fluid environment with pH 7.4/5.5. The release behavior of the drug-loaded PDB was studied using a dialysis method with PBS solution of pH 7.4/5.5 as the release medium. Finally, a mouse model of bacterial keratitis was established, and tissue morphology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, mouse tear fluid was extracted to observe the antibacterial effect of the gatifloxacin-loaded PDB hydrogel. RESULTS: The results showed that the PDB hydrogel had a particle size of 124.9 nm and a zeta potential of -23.3 mV, with good porosity, thermosensitivity, viscosity distribution, rheological properties, and high cell compatibility. The encapsulation of gatifloxacin did not alter the physical properties of the PDB hydrogel and maintained appropriate swelling and stability, with a high drug release rate in acidic conditions. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the gatifloxacin- loaded PDB hydrogel exhibited superior therapeutic effects compared to gatifloxacin eye drops and displayed strong antibacterial capabilities against bacterial keratitis. CONCLUSION: This study successfully synthesized PDB hydrogel and developed a gatifloxacin drug release system. The hydrogel exhibited good thermosensitivity, pH responsiveness, stability, and excellent biocompatibility, which can enhance drug retention, utilization, and therapeutic effects on the ocular surface.

Optimisation of reduction for prolapsed silicone tube after lacrimal intubation.

BACKGROUND: A common complication of bicanalicular intubation is dislocation of the silicone tube. METHODS: Eleven patients with prolapsed silicone tubes who had undergone bicanalicular nasal intubation were injected with a 2 per cent lidocaine solution to infiltrate the lacrimal duct mucosa. A memory wire probe was used to pull a 4-0 suture through the lacrimal passage retrogradely, allowing the suture to grab the silicone tube. Paraffin oil was applied to the contact part of the rope and the silicone tube, then the distal end of the silk thread was removed from the nostril until the tube was pulled into place. RESULTS: The prolapsed silicone tubes were restored by surgery in nine patients, with the drainage tube in the correct position in the eye and the lacrimal duct irrigation unobstructed. CONCLUSION: The optimisations made in this study are considered effective adjustments of reduction surgery for a prolapsed silicone tube.

Eyelid Metastasis from Cervical Cancer: A Case Report.

Metastatic malignant lesions of the eyelids are less than 1% of all eyelid tumors. Eyelid metastasis from the cervix, particularly the first sign of metastasis, has not been reported. A female presented to an ophthalmologist with a gradually increasing mass on the lateral edge of the lower eyelid for 2 months and was diagnosed with stage IB1 cervical cancer 3 years ago. We performed wide local excision of the eyelid mass. The mass was histologically and immunohistochemically similar to cervical cancer. Upon metastatic examination, no lesions involving other sites or lymph nodes were found. Subsequently, local radiation therapy yielded the desired results. In the present case, the possibility of metastasis from the cervix was not considered for the first time. More attention should be paid when identifying unexplained masses in patients with a history of malignant tumors.

Impact of household decision makers' hesitancy to vaccinate children against COVID-19 on other household members: A family-based study in Taizhou, China.

Background: Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases, and family ;decision makers play an important role in decision-making regarding family matters and may influence other family members to take an active role in vaccinating children against COVID-19. Purpose: This study examined the influence of family decision makers on the hesitation of other family members to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Methods: A population-based, self-administered online questionnaire was administered in Taizhou, China, from September 1, 2021, to September 15, 2021. The questionnaire included demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine as well as hesitation regarding the use of the COVID-19 vaccination in children. In total, 490 respondents were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Results: In total, 490 respondents from 190 households were interviewed. Of the 190 family decision makers, 43.7% (83/190) were hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. When family decision makers were hesitant to vaccinate children against COVID-19, 65.1% (82/126) of the other family members expressed similar hesitancy regarding vaccination. When family decision makers were not hesitant to vaccinate children, only 21.3% (37/174) of other family members were hesitant to do so. In the regression analysis, family decision makers' hesitation to vaccinate their children was associated with other family members' hesitation (OR=6.264, 95% CI:3.132-12.526). In addition, decision makers' perceptions of the safety of the vaccine (OR=0.422, 95% CI:0.215-0.826) and hesitation to vaccinate themselves (OR=8.967, 95% CI:4.745-16.948) influenced their hesitation to vaccinate their children. Conclusion: The present study found that family decision makers' hesitation to vaccinate children against COVID-19 influenced other family members' hesitation to vaccinate children. In addition, family decision makers' perceptions of the safety of the vaccine and their hesitation to vaccinate themselves influenced other family members' hesitation to vaccinate their children.

An overview and update of CO2 laser­assisted sclerectomy surgery in primary open angle glaucoma (Review).

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The proportion of cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in China is gradually increasing. Glaucoma surgery has become more effective, safer, minimally invasive and personalized over the years. CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) is a minimally invasive glaucoma treatment. CLASS has recently been used to gradually lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with POAG, pseudocapsular detachment syndrome and secondary glaucoma. In this operation, precise ablation of dry tissue followed by photocoagulation and effective absorption of water and percolating aqueous humor using CO2 laser are performed, and the IOP is lowered by the laser ablation of the deep sclera and the outer wall of the Schlemm's canal, facilitating the drainage of the aqueous humor. Compared with other filtering surgeries, CLASS has a shorter learning curve, lower technical difficulty and higher safety. The present study reviews the clinical application progress, safety and effectiveness of CLASS.

Parental hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination for children and associated factors in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: Since July 2021, some countries and regions have initiated the vaccination of minors against coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy will affect the vaccination of minors. We aimed to identify the level of parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Taiwan and the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, self-administered online questionnaire in Taiwan to assess parental hesitancy and the factors influencing their children's vaccination against COVID-19. RESULTS: Among 384 respondents, 64.1% were hesitant to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19. Mothers were more likely to hesitate to vaccinate their teens than their fathers (67.5% vs. 50%, P < 0.005). Multiple regression results showed that parents who were hesitant to vaccinate themselves (OR = 3.81, 95% CI:2.07-7.02) and those who scored lower on their perception of their children's vaccination (OR = 9.73, 95% CI:5.62-16.84) were more hesitant to vaccinate their children with COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: According to the study findings, 64.1% of Taiwanese parents were hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Parents who were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and had negative views of the vaccine for their children were more likely to be hesitant to vaccinate their children. An in-depth discussion of the factors affecting vaccine hesitancy and targeted health education is conducive to promoting vaccination in children with COVID-19.

Parents' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine in Taiwan, China: A cross-sectional study.

Most COVID-19 studies aim to assess factors influencing willingness to pay for vaccines between the public and medical staff. However, few studies focus on parents' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine. The current study aimed to assess parents' willingness to pay for their children's vaccination against COVID-19 and its influencing factors. This population-based cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire. The inclusion criterion was parents with at least one child younger than 18 years. The final analysis included 384 valid data points. A total of 89.1% of the parents indicated that they are willing to pay for their children's vaccination against COVID-19. Among them, both fathers' and mothers' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine was 89.6%. The mean and median willingness to pay were% would pay for their children. Excluding other confounding factors, willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and hesitation to vaccinate their children were significantly associated with parents' willingness to pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine. We found that 89.1% of the parents in Taiwan would pay for their children's COVID-19 vaccine. Parents' willingness to pay for themselves and hesitation to vaccinate their children were associated with willingness to pay. Reducing hesitation about vaccines and developing policies for vaccine payment may have a positive impact on willingness to pay for vaccines and promoting COVID-19 vaccination.

Activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Citrus sinensis collapsed vesicles during segment drying revealed by physicochemical and targeted metabolomics analysis.

Segment drying is a common internal physiological disorder in citrus fruit, and vesicles get granulated or collapsed. This study aimed to probe whether and how the phenylpropanoid metabolism changes in vesicles during collapse of blood orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Tarocco). Vesicle collapse led to a decrease in the content of nutrients and flavonoids, while an increase in lignin content. This disorder was further associated with the increasing enzyme activities and gene expression levels of both the general phenylpropanoid pathway and branch pathway of lignin synthesis, while decreasing enzyme activities and gene expression levels of branch pathway of flavonoids synthesis. Targeted metabolomics analysis of 14 metabolites of the lignin pathway revealed that lignin precursors were accumulated in collapsed vesicles. We provide solid evidence that phenylpropanoid metabolism could be activated, and, intriguingly, metabolic flux may be shuttled to lignin precursors synthesis rather than flavonoids synthesis in vesicles during collapse of blood orange.

CO2 Laser-Assisted Sclerectomy Surgery Alone or Combined with Phacoemulsification in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Comparison of 1-Year Outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: To compare 1-year outcomes of CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) alone or combined with phacoemulsification (CLASS + Phaco) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: This was a prospective, comparative, case series study. A total of 46 eyes with POAG underwent CLASS or CLASS + Phaco were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcomes included changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), medication and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The secondary outcomes were success rate, functional bleb, postoperative laser intervention and complications. RESULTS: CLASS alone resulted in a greater IOP reduction compared with CLASS + Phaco. BCVA improved remarkably in CLASS + Phaco group, but there was no difference in BCVA before and after CLASS. The number of antiglaucoma medications significantly decreased at 12 months postoperatively in both groups. Functional blebs were more commonly seen in the CLASS than combination group. The overall success rate was higher in the CLASS than CLASS + Phaco group at 1 year after surgery. The incidence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in CLASS + Phaco group was significantly lower than that of CLASS alone. CONCLUSION: CLASS alone achieved a greater IOP reduction, more common functional bleb formation and a higher success rate compared to CLASS combined with Phaco, while combination surgery yielded a better BCVA improvement and a lower PAS incidence than CLASS alone. Both surgical strategies have favorable safety and efficacy among POAG patients. Combined surgery could be a viable option for patients with co-existing POAG and cataract.

[Effect of processed Polygonum multiflorum on mRNA expression level of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver].

To observe the effect of processed Polygonum multiflorum on mRNA expression levels of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver. SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, processed P. multiflorum high dose and low dose groups (5.40 g•kg⁻¹ and 1.08 g•kg⁻¹). The rats in administration groups were continuously given with processed P. mutiflorum for 7 days by ig administration, and the rats in normal control group were given with the same volume of distilled water. After successive administration of 7 days, the serum biochemical indications were detected, and Real-time quantitative PCR technology was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver. Experimental results showed that AST was decreased significantly in both low and high dose groups. ALT was significantly decreased in low dose group and significantly increased in high dose group. The mRNA expression levels of five subtypes of CYP450 enzymes in rat liver were decreased in high dose and low dose groups in a dose-dependent manner. Especially the high dose processed P. multiflorum could significantly inhibit CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels in rats. The study showed that high dose P. multiflorum water extract had hepatotoxicity, and the degree of liver damage was increased with the increase of dose. It shall be noted that 5.40 g•kg⁻¹ water extract of P. multiflorum could significantly inhibit CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels in the liver of rats.