Roxadustat ameliorates vascular calcification in CKD rats by regulating HIF-2α/HIF-1α.

Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). VC is a gene-regulated process similar to osteogenic differentiation. There are still no convincing schemes to prevent and reduce the development of VC. It has been reported that hypoxia-inducing factor 1α (HIF-1α) and endothelin-1(ET-1) are related to VC. In this study, we found that the expression of ET-1 and HIF-1α was enhanced after VC, the interaction between HIF-1α and ET-1 was confirmed by CO-IP and luciferase experiments. We found that ET-1 was an upregulated differential gene of calcified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through gene sequencing. However, hypoxia-inducing factor 2α (HIF-2α) and HIF-1α have antagonistic effects on each other. HIF-1α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and HIF-2α can improve inflammation and fibrosis. Roxadustat, as a selective PHD3 inhibitor, preferentially activates HIF-2α. It is still unclear whether roxadustat improves VC in CKD by regulating the expression of HIF-2α/HIF-1α. Alizarin red staining and western blot as well as immunohistochemical results showed that roxadustat could significantly reduce the degree of vascular and VSMCs calcification in CKD rats. Serum HIF-1α and ET-1 were significantly decreased after roxadustat treatment. In addition, western blot results showed that roxadustat could decrease the expression of HIF-1α and ET-1 in vascular tissues and calcified VSMC, but HIF-2α expression significantly increased. Interestingly, our study confirmed that activation of HIF-1α or inhibition of HIF-2α reversed the ameliorating effect of roxadustat on VC, proving that the effect mediated by roxadustat is HIF-2α/HIF-1α dependent. We have demonstrated for the first time that roxadustat improves VC in CKD rats by regulating HIF-2α/HIF-1α, thus providing a new idea for the application of roxadustat in VC of CKD.

Effects of the major formaldehyde catalyzer ADH5 on phenotypes of fanconi anemia zebrafish model.

BACKGROUND: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a devastating hereditary disorder for which we desperately need a novel therapeutic strategy. It is caused by mutations in one of at least 22 genes in the FA pathway and is characterized by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer predisposition. The FA pathway is required for the efficient repair of damaged DNA, including interstrand cross-links (ICL). Recent studies indicate formaldehyde as an ultimate endogenous cause of DNA damage in FA pathophysiology. Formaldehyde can form DNA adducts as well as ICLs by inducing covalent linkages between opposite strands of double-stranded DNA. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we generated a disease model of FA in zebrafish by disrupting the ube2t or fancd2 gene, which resulted in a striking phenotype of female-to-male sex reversal. Since formaldehyde is detoxified from the body by alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5), we generated fancd2-/-/adh5-/- zebrafish. We observed a body size reduction and a lower number of mature spermatozoa than wild-type or single knockout zebrafish. To evaluate if increased activity in ADH5 can affect the FA phenotype, we overexpressed human ADH5 in fancd2-/- zebrafish. The progress of spermatogenesis seemed to be partially recovered due to ADH5 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest potential utility of an ADH5 enzyme activator as a therapeutic measure for the clearance of formaldehyde and treatment of FA.

Machine learning-based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte evasion gene develops a novel signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients.

Background: Immunotherapy resistance has become a difficult point in treating kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) patients, mainly because of immune evasion. Currently, there is no effective signature to predict immunotherapy. Therefore, we use machine learning algorithms to construct a signature based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte evasion genes (CTLEGs) to predict the immunotherapy responses of patients, so as to screen patients effective for immunotherapy. Methods: In public data sets and our in-house cohort, we used 10 machine learning algorithms to screen the optimal model with 89 combinations under the cross-validation framework, and 101 published signatures were collected. The relationship between the CTLEG signature (CTLEGS) and clinical variables was analyzed. We analyzed the role of CTLES in other types of cancer by pan-cancer analysis. The immune cell infiltration and biological characteristics were evaluated. Moreover, the response to immunotherapy and drug sensitivity of different risk groups were investigated. The key gene closely related to the signature was identified by WGCNA. We also conducted cell functional experiments and clinical tissue validation of key gene. Results: In public data sets and our in-house cohort, the CTLEGS shows good prediction performance. The CTLEGS can be regard as an independent risk factor for KIRC. Compared with 101 published models, our signature shows considerable superiority. The high-risk group has abundant infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and high expression of T cell depletion markers, which are characterized by immunosuppressive phenotype, minimal benefit from immunotherapy, and resistance to sunitinib and sorafenib. The CTLEGS was also strongly correlated with immunity in pan-cancer. Immunohistochemistry verified that T cell depletion marker LAG3 is highly expressed in high-risk groups in the clinical in-house cohort. The key CTLEG STAT2 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of KIRC cell. Conclusions: CTLEGS can accurately predict the prognosis of patients and their response to immunotherapy. It can provide guidance for the precise treatment of KIRC and help clinicians identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.

Ultrasound mediated gold nanoclusters-capped gas vesicles for enhanced fluorescence imaging.

The intercellular tight junction inhibits tumor imaging efficiency of nanomaterials, and enhanced cellular drug delivery with efficient detection is an important tool for tumor diagnosis. Herein, we fabricate fluorescence gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) decorated gas vesicles (GV-Au) for ultrasound (US)-mediated enhanced cellular delivery and imaging, in which GVs are living cell derived protein bubbles. GV-Au is rod-shaped sack-like structure around 230 nm, and displays improved stability and fluorescence ability compared with free Au NCs. Flow cytometry assay confirms the intracellular localization of Au NCs and GV-Au with a respective 2.20-fold enhanced cellular uptake post US treatment. Confocal images reveal the efficient cellular uptake of GV-Au under US impact, indicating that GV-Au is suitable for cellular and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Our strategy provides a new idea for efficient fluorescence imaging by penetrating cell membranes at the presence of US treatment.

Genome-Wide Screening Identifies Gene AKR1C1 Critical for Resistance to Pirarubicin in Bladder Cancer.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common tumor of the urinary system. Given its high rates of recurrence, progression, and drug resistance, NMIBC seriously affects the quality of life and limits the survival time of patients. Pirarubicin (THP) is a bladder infusion chemotherapy drug recommended by the guidelines for NMIBC. Although the widespread use of THP reduces the recurrence rate of NMIBC, 10-50% of patients still suffer from tumor recurrence, which is closely related to tumor resistance to chemotherapy drugs. This study was performed to screen the critical genes causing THP resistance in bladder cancer cell lines by using the CRISPR/dCas9-SAM system. Thus, AKR1C1 was screened. Results showed that the high expression of AKR1C1 could enhance the drug resistance of bladder cancer to THP both in vivo and in vitro. This gene could reduce the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resist THP-induced apoptosis. However, AKR1C1 did not affect the proliferation, invasion, or migration of the bladder cancer cells. Aspirin, which is an AKR1C1 inhibitor, could help reduce the drug resistance caused by AKR1C1. After receiving THP treatment, the bladder cancer cell lines could upregulate the expression of the AKR1C1 gene through the ROS/KEAP1/NRF2 pathway, leading to resistance to THP treatment. Using tempol, which is an inhibitor of ROS, could prevent the upregulation of AKR1C1 expression.

[Retracted] MicroRNA­24 upregulation inhibits proliferation, metastasis and induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by targeting CARMA3.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that the cell­cycle assay data shown in Fig. 2D, and certain of the flow cytometric data shown in Fig. 2E, on p. 1354 had already been submitted in different form in papers written by different authors at different research institutes. Moreover, a pair of data panels shown for the Transwell assay experiments in Fig. 4A were overlapping, such that data purportedly showing the results of differently performed experiments were likely to have been derived from the same original source.  Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been submitted for publication prior to its submission to International Journal of Oncology, and due to an overall lack of confidence in the data, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. After having been in contact with the authors, they accepted the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Oncology 47: 1351­1360, 2015; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3117].

RNA-Binding Proteins in Bladder Cancer.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of transcription and translation, with highly dynamic spatio-temporal regulation. They are usually involved in the regulation of RNA splicing, polyadenylation, and mRNA stability and mediate processes such as mRNA localization and translation, thereby affecting the RNA life cycle and causing the production of abnormal protein phenotypes that lead to tumorigenesis and development. Accumulating evidence supports that RBPs play critical roles in vital life processes, such as bladder cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in bladder cancer is aimed at addressing the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer and finding new therapies for cancer treatment. This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of several RBPs on bladder cancer and summarizes the different types of RBPs involved in the progression of bladder cancer and the potential molecular mechanisms by which they are regulated, with a view to providing information for basic and clinical researchers.

Scabertopin Derived from Elephantopus scaber L. Mediates Necroptosis by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Bladder Cancer In Vitro.

Bladder cancer remains one of the most common malignant tumors that threatens human health worldwide. It imposes a heavy burden on patients and society due to the high medical costs associated with its easy metastasis and recurrence. Although several treatment options for bladder cancer are available, their clinical efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, actively exploring new drugs and their mechanisms of action for the clinical treatment of bladder cancer is very important. Scabertopin is one of the major sesquiterpene lactones found in Elephantopus scaber L. Sesquiterpene lactones are thought to have fairly strong anti-cancer efficacy. However, the anticancer effect of sesquiterpenoid scabertopin on bladder cancer and its mechanism are still unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor activity of scabertopin in bladder cancer and its potential molecular mechanism in vitro. Our results suggest that scabertopin can induce RIP1/RIP3-dependent necroptosis in bladder cancer cells by promoting the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit the expression of MMP-9 by inhibiting the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and ultimately inhibit the migration and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. At the same time, we also demonstrated that the half-inhibition concentration (IC50) of scabertopin on various bladder cancer cell lines (J82, T24, RT4 and 5637) is much lower than that on human ureteral epithelial immortalized cells (SV-HUC-1). The above observations indicate that scabertopin is a potential therapeutic agent for bladder cancer that acts by inducing necroptosis and inhibiting metastasis.

Development of a polyamine gene expression score for predicting prognosis and treatment response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Backgrounds: Polyamine metabolism (PM) is closely related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and is involved in antitumor immunity. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) not only has high immunogenicity but also has significant metabolic changes. However, the role of PM in the immune microenvironment of ccRCC remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the prognostic value of PM-related genes (PMRGs) expression in ccRCC and their correlation with the TME. Methods: The expression levels PMRGs in different cells were characterized with single-cell sequencing analysis. The PMRG expression pattern of 777 ccRCC patients was evaluated based on PMRGs. Unsupervised clustering analysis was used in identifying PMRG expression subtypes, and Lasso regression analysis was used in developing polyamine gene expression score (PGES), which was validated in external and internal data sets. The predictive value of PGES for immunotherapy was validated in the IMvigor210 cohort. Multiple algorithms were used in analyzing the correlation between PGES and immune cells. The sensitivity of PGES to chemotherapeutic drugs was analyzed with the "pRRophetic" package. We validated the genes that develop PGES in tissue samples. Finally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used in identifying the key PMRGs closely related to ccRCC, and cell function experiments were carried out. Results: PMRGs were abundantly expressed on tumor cells, and PMRG expression was active in CD8+ T cells and fibroblasts. We identified three PMRG expression subtypes. Cancer and immune related pathways were active in PMRG expression cluster A, which had better prognosis. PGES exhibited excellent predictive value. The high-PGES group was characterized by high immune cell infiltration, high expression of T cell depletion markers, high tumor mutation burden and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, was insensitive to immunotherapy but sensitive to sunitinib, temsirolimus, and rapamycin, and had poor prognosis. Spermidine synthetase (SRM) has been identified as a key gene and is highly expressed in ccRCC at RNA and protein levels. SRM knockdown can inhibit ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusions: We revealed the biological characteristics of PMRG expression subtypes and developed PGES to accurately predict the prognosis of patients and response to immunotherapy.

State of charge estimation of ultracapacitor based on forgetting factor recursive least square and extended Kalman filter algorithm at full temperature range.

State of charge (SOC) of ultracapacitor plays an important role in the energy management optimization of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. In addition to the perfection of the model and the SOC estimation algorithm, the parameter identification method and temperature factor should also be considered. In this paper, an ultracapacitor test platform is established, the characteristic parameters of ultracapacitor at full temperature range are obtained. This paper uses the forgetting factor recursive least squares algorithm (FFRLS) to identify the parameters of the second-order equivalent circuit model of ultracapacitor online. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is used to estimate the SOC of ultracapacitor cell. The results show that: (1) FFRLS algorithm can identify R 0 , R 1 , R 2 , C 1 , and C 2 values of ultracapacitor at full temperature range. Under the hybrid pulse power characterization working condition, the average mean absolute error between the estimated voltage and the actual voltage is about 0.0132 V. (2) EKF algorithm has a good adaptability to estimate SOC of ultracapacitor under different temperatures and working conditions. The SOC estimation error under different working conditions is low. From the perspective of mean square error, the estimation error at -20 °C is the lowest. (3) FFRLS and EKF joint estimation algorithm with good robustness and reliability can be used to estimate the SOC of ultracapacitor under different temperatures and working conditions. This study can provide a useful guidance for the parameter identification and SOC estimation of ultracapacitor for electric vehicle at different temperatures.

Ferroptosis and Tumor Drug Resistance: Current Status and Major Challenges.

Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death, whose unique metabolic characteristics are commonly used to evaluate the conditions of various diseases especially in tumors. Accumulating evidence supports that ferroptosis can regulate tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Considering to the important role of chemotherapy in tumor treatment, drug resistance has become the most serious challenge. Revealing the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis is expected to solve tumor drug resistance and find new therapies to treat cancers. In this review, we discuss the relationship between ferroptosis and tumor drug resistance, summarize the abnormal ferroptosis in tissues of different cancer types and current research progress and challenges in overcoming treatment resistance, and explore the concept of targeting ferroptosis to improve tumor treatment outcomes.

Regulated Cell Death in Urinary Malignancies.

Urinary malignancies refer to a series of malignant tumors that occur in the urinary system and mainly include kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers. Although local or systemic radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunotherapy, castration therapy and other methods have been applied to treat these diseases, their high recurrence and metastasis rate remain problems for patients. With in-depth research on the pathogenesis of urinary malignant tumors, this work suggests that regulatory cell death (RCD) plays an important role in their occurrence and development. These RCD pathways are stimulated by various internal and external environmental factors and can induce cell death or permit cell survival under the control of various signal molecules, thereby affecting tumor progression or therapeutic efficacy. Among the previously reported RCD methods, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have attracted research attention. These modes transmit death signals through signal molecules, such as cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspase) family and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that have a wide and profound influence on tumor proliferation or death and even change the sensitivity of tumor cells to therapy. This review discussed the effects of necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETs on kidney, bladder and prostate cancer and summarized the latest research and achievements in these fields. Future directions and possibility of improving the denouement of urinary system tumors treatment by targeting RCD therapy were also explored.

Comparison of two methods for isolation and culture of human foreskin fibroblasts. / ä¸¤ç§äººåŒ çš®æˆçº¤ç»´ç»†èƒžåˆ†ç¦»åŸ¹å »æ–¹æ³•çš„æ¯”è¾ƒ.

OBJECTIVES: The efficient acquisition and purification of fibroblasts as ideal seed cells are very important. For optimization of the isolation and culture of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), we compared the improved tissue culture method (ITCM) and the enzyme digestion method (EDM). METHODS: In ITCM, the skin tissue was digested with 0.1% Type II collagenase overnight at 4 ℃, the epidermis was separated from the dermis and digested again with 0.25% trypsin at room temperature for 15 min, and then the tissue block was attached to the culture dish. In EDM, the skin tissue was digested with 0.25% trypsin overnight at 4 ℃, the epidermis was separated from the dermis and digested with 0.1% Type II collagenase overnight at 4 ℃, the tissue block was filtered and squeezed together with the enzyme mixture, the filter was rinsed with medium containing fetal bovine serum, and the cell suspension was cultured. Both ITCM and EDM used 2 digestion enzymes, but the order, digestion time, and temperature of the 2 enzymes were different. The final inoculations of ITCM and EDM in the dishes for subsequent culture were tissue blocks and cell suspensions, respectively. In this study, HFF cells were isolated and cultured with ITCM and EDM, and the cell morphology was observed from Passage 0 to Passage 3 in the ITCM and EDM groups. The cell purity was identified by staining for vimentin, CD68, and Pan-keratin. The growth curves of Passage 3 were plotted to compare the proliferation ability of the 2 groups. Passage 3 HFF cells in the ITCM and EDM groups were irradiated with medium-wave ultraviolet (UVB) at an energy value of 120 mJ/cm2 to establish a light damage model. The experiments were grouped into an UVB group and a control group (Control) according to the presence or absence of UVB irradiation. Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was extracted by secondary centrifugation, and the HFF cells of ITCM and EDM groups were cultured in groups using complete medium containing different concentrations (0, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) of PPP, and the proliferation of damaged cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 after 24 h of PPP incubation. RESULTS: A large number of HFF could be observed in the ITCM group up to day 3, which was less affected by impurities; the observation of HFF morphology in the EDM group was affected by more impurities. By day 9, cells in both ITCM and EDM groups could be passaged; HFF isolated and cultured in vitro by the 2 methods showed long spindle-shaped, swirling growth. The positive rates of vimentin in the ITCM and EDM groups when HFF cells were cultured up to Passage 2 were significantly different [(97.36±0.76)% vs (99.4±0.56)%, P<0.01)]. The positive rates of CD68 were also significantly different [(70.8±0.46)% vs (78.37±0.75)%, P<0.01]. The expressions of pan-keratin in the ITCM group and the EDM group were positive and negative, respectively. There was no difference in vimentin and pan-keratin staining results between the ITCM group and the EDM group when HFF were cultured to Passage 3. The positive rates of CD68 between the ITCM group and the EDM group were significantly different [(74.73±1.37)% vs (85.27±2.63)%, P<0.001]. The proliferative capacity of HFF cells in Passage 3 was significantly higher in the EDM group than that in the ITCM group (P<0.05). After UVB (120 mJ/cm2) irradiation, HFFs procured by the 2 isolation methods showed damage. The damage repair test demonstrated that the 2.5% PPP+UVB irradiation group showed significantly higher repair competence than the other groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with HFFs isolated via ITCM, HFF cells isolated by EDM have a faster purification rate and a stronger proliferative capacity. Therapy with PPP can moderately repair UVB-induced damage to HFFs. The results provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment studies in the future.

Linc00467 promotes invasion and inhibits apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR-1285-3p/TFAP2A.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the invasion and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) regulated by Linc00467 through the miR-1285-3p/TFAP2A axis. METHODS: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of Linc00467, miR-1285-3p, and TFAP2A in tissues and cells of HNSCC patients. The targeting relationships between Linc00467 and miR-1285-3p, miR-1285-3p, and TFAP2A were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Transfection and grouping were carried out, after HNSCC cell lines were screened. Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to test cell invasion and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with normal tissues adjacent to the tumor, the expressions of Linc00467 and TFAP2A increased significantly in cancer tissues, while the expression of miR-1285-3p decreased (all P<0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the invasion of the si-Linc00467 group decreased and the apoptosis rate increased (both P<0.05). In HNSCC cells, over-expression of Linc00467 promoted increased cell invasion and decreased apoptosis rate, which could be partially rescued by over-expression of miR-1285-3p (all P<0.05). Over-expression of miR-1285-3p caused decreased cell invasion and increased apoptosis rate, which was partially reversed by over-expression of TFAP2A (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Linc00467 can be used as ceRNA to adsorb miR-1285-3p to regulate the expression of TFAP2A, promote invasion and inhibit apoptosis of HNSCC cells. Linc00467 inhibitors may become one of the targeted therapeutic drugs for HNSCC.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tumor Microenvironment in Bladder Cancer: The Missing Link.

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Despite recent advances in treatments such as local or systemic immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the high metastasis and recurrence rates, especially in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), have led to the evaluation of more targeted and personalized approaches. A fundamental understanding of the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer along with the development of therapeutics to target processes and pathways implicated in bladder cancer has provided new avenues for the management of this disease. Accumulating evidence supports that the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be shaped by and reciprocally act on tumor cells, which reprograms and regulates tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. A hostile TME, caused by intrinsic tumor attributes (e.g., hypoxia, oxidative stress, and nutrient deprivation) or external stressors (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation), disrupts the normal synthesis and folding process of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), culminating in a harmful situation called ER stress (ERS). ERS is a series of adaptive changes mediated by unfolded protein response (UPR), which is interwoven into a network that can ultimately mediate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, thereby endowing tumor cells with more aggressive behaviors. Moreover, recent studies revealed that ERS could also impede the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment including immunotherapy by manipulating the TME. In this review, we discuss the relationship among bladder cancer, ERS, and TME; summarize the current research progress and challenges in overcoming therapeutic resistance; and explore the concept of targeting ERS to improve bladder cancer treatment outcomes.

Impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on transcription and metabolite compositions in proliferation and functionalization of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

To investigate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hASCs) and uncovered its stimulation mechanism. LIPUS at 30 mW/cm2 was applied for 5 min/day to promote the proliferation of hASCs. Flow cytometry was used to study the cell surface markers, cell cycle, and apoptosis of hASCs. The proliferation of hASCs was detected by cell counting kit-8, cell cycle assay, and RT-PCR. The expression of hASCs cytokines was determined by ELISA. The differences between transcriptional genes and metabolites were analyzed by transcript analysis and metabolomic profiling experiments. The number of cells increased after LIPUS stimulation, but there was no significant difference in cell surface markers. The results of flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and ELISA after LIPUS was administered showed that the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle were prolonged. The expression of cell proliferation related genes (CyclinD1 and c-myc) and the paracrine function related gene (SDF-1α) were up-regulated. The expression of cytokines was increased, while the apoptosis rate was decreased. The results of transcriptome experiments showed that there were significant differences in 27 genes;15 genes were up-regulated, while 12 genes were down-regulated. The results of metabolomics experiments showed significant differences in 30 metabolites; 7 metabolites were up-regulated, and 23 metabolites were down-regulated. LIPUS at 30 mW/cm2 intensity can promote the proliferation of hASCs cells in an undifferentiating state, and the stem-cell property of hASCs was maintained. CyclinD1 gene, c-myc gene, and various genes of transcription and products of metabolism play an essential role in cell proliferation. This study provides an important experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of LIPUS in promoting the proliferation of hASCs cells.

Effects of different chemical groups on behaviors of bladder cancer cells.

Chemical groups of microenvironment play an important role in the adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis of tumor cells. The different chemical groups (CH3 , OH, COOH) were grafted on the surfaces with the same density by self-assembly monolayer (SAM) technique to introduce the influence of different microenvironments of the human bladder cancer (5637) cells. The results indicated that the 5637 cells on COOH surface exhibited the lowest proliferation rate and the highest apoptosis rate on the first and fifth day because of negative charge and polarity of the COOH group, which might help optimize biomedicine materials and find new methods to treat bladder cancer.

LNCRNA CDKN2B-AS1 regulates mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation via miR-424-5p/HMGA2 axis.

BACKGROUND: Previous study has demonstrated that long noncoding RNA cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) was abnormally expressed in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanism that allows CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of DN remains to be further elucidated. METHODS: Peripheral blood cells of 24 diabetes patients with DN and 20 without DN were collected. Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMC) were cultured in high glucose or low glucose medium. The expression levels of CDKN2B-AS1, microRNA (miR)-424-5p and high mobility group AT hook 2 (HMGA2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. The target association between miR-424-5p and CDKN2B-AS1 or HMGA2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and western blot, respectively. RESULTS: CDKN2B-AS1 expression was up-regulated and miR-424-5p level was down-regulated in peripheral blood of DN patients and high glucose-treated HGMC cells. CDKN2B-AS1 was validated as a sponge of miR-424-5p. Silence of CDKN2B-AS1 repressed proliferation and ECM accumulation by increasing miR-424-5p. HMGA2 was a target of miR-424-5p and miR-424-5p overexpression inhibited proliferation, ECM accumulation and PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting HMGA2. Moreover, knockdown of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited HMGA2 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing miR-424-5p. CONCLUSION: Knockdown of CDKN2B-AS1 suppressed proliferation, ECM accumulation and PI3K/AKT signaling by increasing miR-424-5p and decreasing HMGA2 in high glucose-treated HMGC cells.

Knockdown of SLC35F2 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Bladder Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that solute carrier family 35 member F2 (SLC35F2) plays a key role in the biological processes of multiple cancers. However, there have been no reports on the role of SLC35F2 in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer (BC). METHODS: SLC35F2 expression data and clinical and prognostic information from BC patients were obtained from databases. SLC35F2 expression in BC was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The influence of SLC35F2 knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in the 5637 and T24 cell lines was studied, and tumor formation experiments were performed in nude mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the pathways and functions of SLC35F2 in BC. RESULTS: SLC35F2 was highly expressed in BC tissues and was associated with invasiveness and T stage in BC patients. SLC35F2 knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells and can promote apoptosis. SLC35F2 knockdown significantly reduced tumorigenesis in nude mice. GSEA showed that BC, pathways in cancer, apoptosis and the P53 signaling pathway were significantly enriched in SLC35F2 high expression phenotype. CONCLUSION: SLC35F2 can promote malignant progression and is a potential therapeutic target in BC.