DoSPX1 and DoMYB37 regulate the expression of DoCSLA6 in Dendrobium officinale during phosphorus starvation.

BACKGROUND: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is parasitic on rocks or plants with very few mineral elements that can be absorbed directly, so its growth and development are affected by nutritional deficiencies. Previous studies found that phosphorus deficiency promotes polysaccharides accumulation in D. officinale, the expression of DoCSLA6 (glucomannan synthase gene) was positively correlated with polysaccharide synthesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which the low phosphorus environment affects polysaccharide accumulation remains unclear. RESULTS: We found that DoSPX1 can reduce phosphate accumulation in plants and promote the expression of PSIs genes, thereby enhancing plant tolerance to low phosphorus environments.Y1H and EMSA experimental show that DoMYB37 can bind the promoter of DoCSLA6. DoSPX1 interact with DoMYB37 transiently overexpressed DoSPX1 and DoMYB37 in D. officinale protocorm-like bodies, decreased the Pi content, while increased the expression of DoCSLA6. CONCLUSIONS: The signaling pathway of DoSPX1-DoMYB37-DoCSLA6 was revealed. This provides a theoretical basis for the accumulation of polysaccharide content in D. officinale under phosphorus starvation.

H2O2-Responsive amphiphilic polymer with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for DOX delivery and tumor therapy.

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on amphiphilic polymers have attracted much attention. In this study, we reported an innovative H2O2-responsive amphiphilic polymer (TBP), bearing a H2O2-sensitive phenylboronic ester, AIE fluorophore tetraphenylethene (TPE) hydrophobic, and polyethylene glycol hydrophilic (PEG) moieties. TBP could self-assemble into micelles with an encapsulation efficiency as high as 74.9% for doxorubicin (DOX) in aqueous solution. In the presence of H2O2, TBP micelles was decomposed by oxidation, hydrolysis and rearrangement, leading to almost 80% DOX release from TBP@DOX micelles. TBP and the corresponding degradation products were biocompatible, while TBP@DOX micelles only displayed obvious toxicity toward cancer cells. Drug delivery process was clearly monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Moreover, in vivo anticancer study showed that TBP@DOX micelles were accumulated in tumor region of nude mice and effectively inhibited tumor growth. The results suggested that the reported H2O2-responsive amphiphilic polymer displayed great potential in drug delivery and tumor therapy.

A novel risk score for the prediction of airway management in patients with deep neck space abscess: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Airway management, including noninvasive endotracheal intubation or invasive tracheostomy, is an essential treatment strategy for patients with deep neck space abscess (DNSA) to reverse acute hypoxia, which aids in avoiding acute cerebral hypoxia and cardiac arrest. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel risk score to predict the need for airway management in patients with DNSA. METHODS: Patients with DNSA admitted to 9 hospitals in Guangdong Province between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, were included. The cohort was divided into the training and validation cohorts. The risk score was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression models in the training cohort. The external validity and diagnostic ability were assessed in the validation cohort. RESULTS: A total of 440 DNSA patients were included, of which 363 (60 required airway management) entered into the training cohort and 77 (13 required airway management) entered into the validation cohort. The risk score included 7 independent predictors (p < 0.05): multispace involvement (odd ratio [OR] 6.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-23.07, p < 0.001), gas formation (OR 4.95, 95% CI 2.04-12.00, p < 0.001), dyspnea (OR 10.35, 95% CI 3.47-30.89, p < 0.001), primary region of infection, neutrophil percentage (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18, p = 0.015), platelet count to lymphocyte count ratio (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p = 0.010), and albumin level (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92, p < 0.001). Internal validation showed good discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951 (95% CI 0.924-0.971), and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow [HL] test, p = 0.821). Application of the clinical risk score in the validation cohort also revealed good discrimination (AUC 0.947, 95% CI 0.871-0.985) and calibration (HL test, p = 0.618). Decision curve analyses in both cohorts demonstrated that patients could benefit from this risk score. The score has been transformed into an online calculator that is freely available to the public. CONCLUSIONS: The risk score may help predict a patient's risk of requiring airway management, thus advancing patient safety and supporting appropriate treatment.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Dearomatization of Indoles via Transfer Hydrogenation To Afford Polycyclic Indolines.

A cobalt-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles via transfer hydrogenation with HBpin and H2O has been developed. This reaction offered a straightforward platform to access hexahydropyrido[1,2-a]indoles in high regio- and chemoselectivity. A preliminary reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of deuterium-labeling experiments, and a cobalt hydride species was involved in the reaction.

Dihydropyridine-derived BODIPY probe for detecting exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide in mitochondria.

A mitochondria-targetable probe Mito-DHP for nitric oxide (NO) was designed and synthesized by introducing dihydropyridine and triphenylphosphonium (TPP) moieties into boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye. Mito-DHP was able to effectively detect nitric oxide through the aromatization of dihydropyridine to fluorescent pyridine product under oxygen-free conditions. The probe Mito-DHP showed high selectivity to NO over a number of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) as well as high sensitivity (detection limit at 25nM), pH stability and bio-compatibility. Furthermore, Mito-DHP proved to target mitochondria specifically and to visualize both exogenous and endogenous NO in real time.

Facilitative production of an antimicrobial peptide royalisin and its antibody via an artificial oil-body system.

Royalisin found in the royal jelly of Apis mellifera is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP). It has a molecular weight of 5.5 kDa, which contains six cysteine residues. In this study, royalisin was overexpressed in Escherichia coli AD494 (DE3) as two oleosin-fusion proteins for preparation of its antibodies and functional purification. The recombinant royalisin, fused with oleosin central hydrophobic domain in both N- and C-termini, was reconstituted with triacylglycerol and phospholipids to form artificial oil bodies (AOBs). The AOBs were then purified to raise the antibodies. These antibodies could recognize both the native and recombinant royalisins, but not oleosin. Another oleosin-intein S-fusion protein was purified by AOBs system, and royalisin was subsequently released from the AOBs through self-splicing of the intein. The recombinant royalisin exhibited high antibacterial activity, which suggested that it was refolded to its functional structure. These results demonstrated that AOBs system is an efficient method to functionally express and purify small AMPs. In addition, it also provides a facile platform for the production of antibodies against small peptides.