Effect of early endothelial function improvement on subclinical target organ damage in hypertensives.

Endothelial dysfunction is acknowledged as a marker for subclinical target organ damage (STOD) in hypertension, though its therapeutic potential has not yet been clarified. This study assessed whether early endothelial function improvement (EEFI) reduced STOD in patients with essential hypertension (EH). We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 456 EH patients initially free from STOD. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), with values ≤ 7.1% indicating dysfunction. Patients were initially categorized by endothelial status (dysfunction: n = 180, normal: n = 276), and further divided into improved or unimproved groups based on changes within three months post-enrollment. During a median follow-up of 25 months, 177 patients developed STOD. The incidence of STOD was significantly higher in patients with initial dysfunction compared to those with normal function. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the improved group had a lower cumulative incidence of STOD compared to the unimproved group (p < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression confirmed EEFI as an independent protective factor against STOD in EH patients (p < 0.05), regardless of their baseline endothelial status, especially in those under 65 years old, non-smokers, and with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≤ 3.4 mmol/L. In conclusion, EEFI significantly reduces STOD incidence in EH patients, particularly in specific subgroups, emphasizing the need for early intervention in endothelial function to prevent STOD.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 promotes the biofunctions of perivascular preadipocytes mediated by Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.

The influence of SGLT-1 on perivascular preadipocytes (PVPACs) and vascular remodeling is not well understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of SGLT-1-mediated PVPACs bioactivity. PVPACs were cultured in vitro and applied ex vivo to the carotid arteries of mice using a lentivirus-based thermosensitive in situ gel (TISG). The groups were treated with Lv-SGLT1 (lentiviral vector, overexpression), Lv-siSGLT1 (RNA interference, knockdown), or specific signaling pathway inhibitors. Assays were conducted to assess changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, glucose uptake, adipogenic differentiation, and vascular remodeling in the PVPACs. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and/or immunohistochemistry. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining indicated that SGLT-1 overexpression significantly promoted PVPACs proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, SGLT-1 knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Oil Red O staining revealed that SGLT-1 overexpression facilitated adipogenic differentiation, while its inhibition mitigated these effects. 3H-labeled glucose uptake experiments demonstrated that SGLT-1 overexpression enhanced glucose uptake by PVPACs, whereas RNA interference-mediated SGLT-1 inhibition had no significant effect on glucose uptake. Moreover, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that SGLT-1 overexpression upregulated FABP4 and VEGF-A levels and activated the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, whereas SGLT-1 knockdown produced the opposite effects. In vivo studies corroborated these findings and indicated that SGLT-1 overexpression facilitated carotid artery remodeling. Our study demonstrates that SGLT-1 activation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway promotes PVPACs proliferation, adipogenesis, glucose uptake, glucolipid metabolism, and vascular remodeling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY SGLT-1 is expressed in PVPACs and can affect preadipocyte glucolipid metabolism and vascular remodeling. SGLT-1 promotes the biofunctions of PVPACs mediated by Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Compared with caudal vein or intraperitoneal injection, the external application of lentivirus-based thermal gel around the carotid artery is an innovative attempt at vascular remodeling model, it may effectively avoid the transfection of lentiviral vector into the whole body of mice and the adverse effect on experimental results.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship predicting toxicity of pesticides towards Daphnia magna.

Global pesticide usage reaching 2.7 million metric tons annually, brings a grave threat to non-target organisms, especially aquatic organisms, resulting in serious concerns. Predicting aquatic toxicity of pesticides towards Daphnia magna is significant. In this work, random forest (RF) algorithm, together with ten Dragon molecular descriptors, was successfully utilized to develop a quantitative structure-activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model for the toxicity pEC50 of 745 pesticides towards Daphnia magna. The optimal QSTR model (RF Model I) based on the RF parameters of ntree = 50, mtry = 3 and nodesize = 5, yielded R2 = 0.877, MAE = 0.570, rms = 0.739 (training set of 596 pEC50), R2 = 0.807, MAE = 0.732, rms = 0.902 (test set of 149 pEC50), and R2 = 0.863, MAE = 0.602, rms = 0.774 (total set of 745 pEC50), which are accurate and satisfactory. The optimal RF model is comparable to other published QSTR models for Daphnia magna, although the optimal RF model possessed a small descriptor subset and dealt with a large dataset of pesticide toxicity pEC50. Thus, the investigation in this work provides a reliable, applicable QSTR model for predicting the toxicity pEC50 of pesticides towards Daphnia magna.

Methylation of lncSHGL promotes adipocyte differentiation by regulating miR-149/Mospd3 axis.

Obesity poses significant health risks and can negatively impact an individual's quality of life. The human obesity phenotype results from the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes, which leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia in adipose tissue. The molecular mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate adipocyte differentiation, a process implicated in obesity development, remain poorly characterized. A lncRNA which suppressed the hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis (lncSHGL) was newly identified. Our research aims to elucidate the functional role and mechanistic underpinnings of suppressor of lncSHGL in adipocyte differentiation. We observed that lncSHGL expression progressively diminished during 3T3-L1 differentiation and was downregulated in the liver and perirenal adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. lncSHGL acts as a molecular sponge for miR-149, with Mospd3 identified as a target of miR-149.Overexpression of lncSHGL and inhibition of miR-149 led to suppressed 3T3-L1 proliferation, decreased lipid droplet accumulation, and attenuated promoter activity of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα. These changes consequently resulted in reduced expression of Cyclin D1, LPL, PPARγ2, AP2, and C/EBPα, as well as inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, lncSHGL suppression yielded opposing outcomes. Moreover, the effects of lncSHGL overexpression and miR-149 inhibition on reduced expression of Cyclin D1, LPL, PPARγ2, AP2, and C/EBPα were reversible upon miR-149 overexpression and Mospd3 suppression. These findings were further validated in vivo. We also discovered a significant increase in methylation levels during 3T3-L1 differentiation, with lncSHGL highly expressed in the presence of a methylation inhibitor. In conclusion. lncSHGL methylation facilitates adipocyte differentiation by modulating the miR-149/Mospd3 axis. Targeting lncSHGL expression may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated adipogenesis, particularly in the context of fatty liver disease.

Controlling beam dynamics with spectral quadratic phase modulation in the fractional Schrödinger equation.

The propagation dynamics of Gaussian beams and finite energy Airy beams with spectral quadratic phase modulation (QPM) modeled by the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) are numerically investigated. Compared with beam propagation in the standard Schrödinger equation, the focusing property of beams under FSE is influenced by the QPM coefficient and the Lévy index. For symmetric Gaussian beams, the focusing position increases and the focusing intensity decreases for the larger QPM coefficient or smaller Lévy index. For asymmetric Airy beams, multiple focusing positions occur, and the tendency of focusing intensity is opposite to that of Gaussian beams. Our results show the promising application of the FSE system for optical manipulation and optical splitting by controlling the QPM.

Exosomal circSCMH1/miR-874 ratio in serum to predict carotid and coronary plaque stability.

Background: To investigate the correlation between lg (circSCMH1/miR-874) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and carotid plaque stability. Methods: 701 patients were divided into stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), ACS, and control groups. Furthermore, 225 patients who underwent carotid ultrasound were selected from the above 701 patients and were divided into low-risk plaque, medium-to-high risk plaque, and control (without carotid plaques) groups. We collected their baseline characteristics and measured the contents of exosomal circSCMH1 and miR-874 in peripheral blood. Then lg(circSCMH1/miR-874) was calculated and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The lg (circSCMH1/miR-874) values of ACS, SCAD, and the control group decreased successively (P < 0.05). Compared with the low-risk plaque and control groups, the lg (circSCMH1/miR-874) value of medium-high risk plaque group decreased (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that with the decrease of lg (circSCMH1/miR-874), the risk of ACS, AMI, and medium-high risk plaques increased. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that lg (circSCMH1/miR-874) has a higher diagnostic value for ACS, AMI and medium-high risk plaques than previously used predictive ratios. Conclusion: Lg (circSCMH1/miR-874) is closely associated with coronary and carotid plaque stability.

Fast focusing method in ghost imaging with a tracking trajectory.

The imaging environment is unstable for trembling disturbance, which is detrimental to object reconstruction. In this Letter, we experimentally investigated ghost imaging (GI) under a temporal trembling disturbance. The fast-focusing method based on imaging with small sampling measurements is proposed, and the theoretical model and algorithm are validated. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is effective to obtain a better-resolution image of the object under the strong trembling disturbance including a laboratory and a real trembling environment. The results provide a promising approach to deal with image degradation caused by an unstable environment and can find potential applications for ghost imaging in remote sensing.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA regulates microglial polarization.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p on microglial polarization and the potential underlying mechanisms in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-exposed microglial cells. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from BMSCs, and their characteristics were examined. The effects of BMSC-derived exosomes on microglial polarization were investigated in OGD-exposed BV-2 cells. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and their biological function was explored using enrichment analyses. The regulatory role of miR-146a-5p in microglial polarization was studied via flow cytometry. Finally, the downstream target gene Traf6 was validated, and the role of the miR-146a-5p/Traf6 axis in modulating microglial polarization was investigated in OGD-exposed BV-2 cells. Results: BMSC-derived exosomes were successfully isolated and characterized. A total of 10 upregulated and 33 downregulated miRNAs were identified. Exosomal treatment resulted in significant changes in microglial polarization markers. miR-146a-5p was found to be significantly downregulated in OGD-exposed microglial cells treated with exosomes. Manipulation of miR-146a-5p expression modulated microglial polarization. Moreover, the miR-146a-5p/Traf6 axis regulated microglial polarization. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that BMSC-derived exosomal via miR-146a-5p modulates microglial polarization by targeting Traf6, providing a potential thermal target for the treatment of neurological diseases involving microglial activation.

Correlation of neck circumference, coronary calcification severity and cardiovascular events in Chinese elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We aimed to investigate whether neck circumference (NC) can predict metabolic syndrome (MetS), coronary calcification and lesion, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). METHODS: A total of 867 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) over 60 years old from the Second Hospital of Shandong University, who had undergone coronary computed tomography, were randomly selected for a retrospective analysis. The subjects were divided into male and female groups, NC quartile 1-4 groups (Q1-Q4 groups), non-multivessel coronary disease (non-MVCD) and multi-vessel coronary disease (MVCD) groups. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, NC was associated with risk factors promoting coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary artery calcification score (CACS). The severity of CAD increased by 0.202 times and 0.372 times for each unit of NC in male and female groups, respectively. Compared with the lower CACS group, the risk of coronary calcification increased by 0.139 times, and MVCD increased 0.268 times, with each unit increase of NC. Except for all-cause death, there were significant differences between the Q1-Q4 groups in the prevalence of all primary endpoints, cardiogenic death, unexpected re-hospitalization of heart failure, ACS recurrence or unplanned revascularization, and non-fatal stroke (p log-rank <0.01). In view of the overall trend, with the increase of NC quartiles, the prevalence of MACEs gradually increased (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: NC is closely associated with MetS and its components, coronary calcification and lesion degree, and MACEs. NC could be used as surrogate of CACS to predict the coronary condition and prognosis of elderly patients with ACS.

Highly accurate OAM mode detection network for ring Airy Gaussian vortex beams disturbed by atmospheric turbulence based on interferometry.

Atmospheric turbulence reduces the detection accuracy of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, which affects the performance of OAM optical communication. In this paper, we propose a method based on interferometry and a residual network (ResNet) to detect the OAM modes of ring Airy Gaussian vortex beams (RAGVBs) disturbed by atmospheric turbulence. The RAGVBs first interfere with spherical waves to obtain the sign features of the OAM modes, and then ResNet is employed to recognize OAM modes from the interferograms. The results demonstrate that the detection accuracy is higher than that of the OAM spectrum method under different turbulence strengths. The detection accuracy can even reach over 99% under strong fluctuations. Our research provides a reference for improving the performance of OAM optical communication through atmospheric turbulence.

BER performance of an FSOC system over atmospheric turbulence channels based on computational temporal ghost imaging.

In a free space optical communication (FSOC) system, atmospheric turbulence will increase the bit error ratio (BER) and impair FSOC link reliability. Since computational temporal ghost imaging (CTGI) has anti-interference, we present an FSOC system over atmospheric turbulence based on CTGI. The simulation results show that the BER performance of CTGI is better than on-off keying under different atmospheric turbulence regimes. To improve the performance of the CTGI scheme, the influence of the number of transmission samples and code length is analyzed. It is shown that BER performance improves with the increment of the number of samples, while code length has no impact. This scheme provides an idea for reliable communication over atmospheric turbulence and an important reference for improving wireless optical communication in an extreme environment.

Ghost imaging lidar system for remote imaging.

Research towards practical applications of ghost imaging lidar system especially in longer sensing distance has been urgent in recent years. In this paper we develop a ghost imaging lidar system to boost an extension of remote imaging, where the transmission distance of the collimated pseudo-thermal beam can be improved hugely over long range and just shifting the adjustable lens assembly generates wide field of view suiting for short-range imaging. Based on the proposed lidar system, the changing tendency of illuminating field of view, energy density, and reconstructed images is analyzed and verified experimentally. Some considerations on the improvement of this lidar system are also discussed.

A nomogram based on endothelial function and conventional risk factors predicts coronary artery disease in hypertensives.

BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of a precise, concise, and practical clinical prediction model for predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with essential hypertension (EH). This study aimed to construct a nomogram to predict CAD in patients with EH based on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery and traditional risk factors. METHODS: Clinical data of 1752 patients with EH were retrospectively collected. High-resolution vascular ultrasound was used to detect FMD in all patients at the Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, China. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e. training group (n = 1204, from August 2000 to December 2013) and validation group (n = 548, from January 2014 to May 2016) according to the time of enrollment. Independent predictors of CAD were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression in the training group, and a nomogram was constructed accordingly. Finally, we evaluated the discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability of the model using the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic analysis, calibration curve combined with Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and decision curve, respectively. RESULTS: There were 263 (21.8%) cases of EH combined with CAD in the training group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that FMD, age, duration of EH, waist circumference, and diabetes mellitus were independent influencing factors for CAD in EH patients. Smoking which was close to statistical significance (P = 0.062) was also included in the regression model to increase the accuracy. Ultimately, the nomogram for predicting CAD in EH patients was constructed according to above predictors after proper transformation. The AUC values of the training group and the validation group were 0.799 (95%CI 0.770-0.829) and 0.836 (95%CI 0.787-0.886), respectively. Calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had good calibration (training group: χ2 = 0.55, P = 0.759; validation group: χ2 = 1.62, P = 0.446). The decision curve also verified the clinical applicability of the nomogram. CONCLUSION: The nomogram based on FMD and traditional risk factors (age, duration of EH disease, smoking, waist circumference and diabetes mellitus) can predict CAD high-risk group among patients with EH.

Genetic Predisposition of Both Waist Circumference and Hip Circumference Increased the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND: Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is an independent indicator of increased cardiovascular risk. Observational studies have shown an observational association between obesity and venous thromboembolism (VTE). As a type of VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE) is also associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether the observed associations are causal or caused by confounding bias or reverse causality. METHODS: We performed a two-sample test by obtaining the exposure dataset of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) from the Neale Laboratory Consortium's genome-wide association study summary data and the summary-level outcome data of VTE and PE from FinnGen Biobank of European ancestry to determine the causal effect of WC and HC on VTE and PE. RESULTS: All three Mendelian randomization methods displayed a positive association between WC/HC and VTE/PE. WC and HC were positively associated with VTE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.803 per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in WC, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.393-2.333; p < 0.001; OR = 1.479 per 1 SD increase in HC, 95% CI = 1.219-1.796; p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, we found a causal association between genetically predicted WC/HC and a higher risk of PE (OR = 1.929 per 1 SD increase in WC, 95% CI = 1.339-2.778, p < 0.001; OR = 1.431 per 1 SD increase in HC, 95% CI =1.095-1.869; p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: There is a significant causal relationship between WC/HC and VTE/PE, which is consistent with observational studies. Taking measures to reduce WC/HC of obesity may help reduce the incidence of VTE/PE.

Propagation dynamics and crosstalk of orbital angular momentum beams influenced by a supersonic wind-induced environmental disturbance.

Near field airflow induced by wind is an important factor influencing vortex beams propagation under airborne optical communication, and the cross-talk among different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes occurs in OAM-based optical communication. In this paper, the propagation of vortex beams through a supersonic wind-induced random environment is investigated. The wind-induced phase model is firstly validated by wind tunnel experiment, with the phase model, vortex beams propagation under supersonic wind condition is analyzed, and the spiral spectrum distortion is discussed in detail. It is demonstrated that the larger wind velocity and boundary-layer thickness leads to the enhanced distortion and spiral spectrum expansion of OAM beams. The behavior of multiplexed vortex beams influenced by supersonic wind is also studied, and the effect of the topological charge interval is given. Our results may provide a powerful tool to estimate the effect of a random airflow environment on OAM-based communication performance under airborne condition.

Association between triglyceride glucose index, coronary artery calcification and multivessel coronary disease in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Multivessel coronary disease (MVCD) is the common type of coronary artery disease in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been confirmed the strong predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Several studies have validated that triglyceride glucose (TyG) index can reflect the degree of coronary calcification or predict MACEs. However, no evidence to date has elucidated and compared the predictive intensity of TyG index or/and coronary artery calcification score (CACS) on multi-vascular disease and MACEs in ACS patients. METHODS: A total of 935 patients, diagnosed with ACS and experienced coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) from August 2015 to March 2022 in the Second Hospital of Shandong University, were selected for retrospective analysis. The subjects were divided into TyG index quartile 1-4 groups (Q1-Q4 groups), non-multivessel coronary disease (non-MVCD) and multivessel coronary disease (MVCD) groups, respectively. The general data, past medical or medication history, laboratory indicators, cardiac color Doppler ultrasound, CACS, and TyG indexes were respectively compared among these groups. The ROC curve preliminarily calculated and analyzed the diagnostic value of TyG index, CACS, and the combination of the two indicators for MVCD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis discriminated the independent hazard factors for forecasting MVCD. RESULTS: Compared with the lower TyG index and non-MVCD groups, the higher TyG index and MVCD groups had higher values of age, smoking history, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, and CACS, but lower values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) (all P < 0.01). Coronary artery calcification is more common in the left anterior descending artery. Compared with non-MVCD, each unit increase in TyG index was associated with a 1.213-fold increased risk of MVCD. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders indicated that TyG index is an independent risk factor for MVCD. With the increase of TyG index, the incidence of MACEs, apart from all-cause death, cardiac death, unexpected re-hospitalization of heart failure, recurrent ACS or unplanned revascularization, and non-fatal stroke in coronary artery increased (P log-rank < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TyG index could completely substitute for CACS as a reliable, practical, and independent indicator for predicting the severity and prognosis of MVCD in patients with ACS.

Propagation dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beams in the fractional Schrödinger equation with noise disturbance.

The evolution of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams in the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) with Gaussian noise disturbance is numerically investigated. Without noise disturbance, the peak intensity of LG beams increases with the increment of radial or azimuthal indices, and the turning point of the peak intensity between different radial indices exists. As propagation distance gets longer, the intensity of the outermost sub-lobe exceeds that of the main lobe. When Gaussian noise is added, for a given noise level, the stability of peak intensity is enhanced as the Lévy index increases, while the center of gravity shows the opposite phenomenon. Moreover, the increment of the radial index can weaken the stability of the center of gravity. We also investigate the stability of the peak intensity of Airy beams in the FSE, and generally, the stability of LG beams is better than that of Airy beams. All these properties show that LG beams modeled by the FSE have potential applications in optical manipulation and communications.

Enhancing critical resolution of a ghost imaging system by using a vortex beam.

In an imaging system, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are two important indexes to characterize imaging quality. Ghost imaging is a novel imaging method whose imaging resolution and SNR are affected by the speckle size. In this paper, the relation between speckle size and resolution as well as that between speckle size and SNR in the GI system is analyzed in detail. It is shown that the critical resolution, resolvable minimum-separation between two adjacent objects, is approximately equal to the speckle size (speckle diameter). There exists an optimum SNR when the speckle size is larger than the object size. Based on our conclusion, we propose a scheme to enhance the critical resolution of the GI system by using a vortex beam, and the enhancement ability under different topological charges is clearly presented, which can be quantized by a simple formula.

Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of computational ghost imaging of a reflective object with a rough surface by Hadamard modulated light field.

We propose an optimization scheme to improve the reconstruction quality of computational ghost imaging (GI) of a reflective target with a rough surface by using the Hadamard modulation light field (HCGI). By comparison with computational GI with a traditional Gaussian light field (GCGI), the signal-to-noise ratio of GCGI is quite bad, and it is difficult to distinguish the imaging signal from the background when the surface roughness of the object is higher, while a ghost image with better quality can be obtained by HCGI. The difference is explained by comparing the distribution of the correlation coefficient. Additionally, it is found that HCGI has better noise robustness in comparison with GI with other random coded patterns.

Analysis of transient response of the human foot based on the finite element method.

BACKGROUND: The foot is an important part of the human body. Its functions are mainly walking and load-bearing. It also keeps the human body stable and absorbs ground vibrations to protect important human organs. OBJECTIVE: Many researchers use finite element methods to study the biomechanics of the foot. However, current studies on the finite element of the foot are based on the stress and displacement response analysis of the foot under static or quasi-static conditions, ignoring the movement process of the foot and the impact of vibration. Moreover, the joint application of energy method and finite element analysis in foot biomechanics is rarely reported. METHODS: In this paper, to obtain the foot energy transfer process, the transient response of the foot under neutral position is analyzed based on the energy method. RESULTS: The results show that: (1) In this model, the energy analysis follows the conservation of energy, which indicates that the transient response analysis has obtained a reasonable response. (2) When the foot touches the ground, the strain energy of the calcaneus, second metatarsal and third metatarsal is relatively large, which is consistent with the main stress concentration area of the plantar. (3) The gravity of the human body is mainly transmitted through the talus to the calcaneus, while the effect of transmittal through the scaphoid to the cuneiform bone and metatarsal is weak. CONCLUSION: This study can not only more clearly and intuitively reflect the energy transfer and source of various skeletal foreheads in the foot, but also provide a new research idea for the study of foot biomechanics.