Gestational diabetes mellitus combined with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, four cases of double diabetes: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) that occurs during pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM (PF), always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism. Here, we present four patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). CASE SUMMARY: The clinical data of four patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 and April 2021 were collected, and the patients and their infants were followed up. All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were treated. The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and then were diagnosed with FT1DM. Two patients had an insulin allergy, and two had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset. One patient developed ketoacidosis, and three developed ketosis. Two patients had cesarean section deliveries, and two had vaginal deliveries. The growth and development of the infants were normal. C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset, suggesting progressive impairment of islet function. The frequencies of the DRB1 09:01, DQB1 03: 03, DQA1 03:02, DPA1 01:03, DPA1 02:02, DPB1 05:01, DRB4 01:03, G 01:01, and G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study. CONCLUSION: In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM (PF), patients with GDM combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset, higher body mass index, slower onset, fewer prodromal symptoms, and less acidosis. The pathogenesis may be due to various factors affecting the already fragile ß-cells of GDM patients with genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes. We speculate that GDM combined with FT1DM during pregnancy, referred to as "double diabetes," is a subtype of PF with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.

DHA inhibits invasion and metastasis in NSCLC cells by interfering with CCL18/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Omega-3 has been proposed as an antitumor substance that suppresses the growth and metastasis of multiple types of tumor cells, including lung cancer, but the specific mechanisms involved remain obscure. Our previous studies showed that the expression of chemokine ligand 18 was related to the migration and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we aim to explore whether omega-3 inhibits invasion and metastasis of NSCLC by regulating the expression of CCL18. The expression of CCL18, metastasis- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes at mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The metastatic and invasive capability of NSCLC cells were evaluated by scratch wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Our results showed that the level of CCL18 is positively associated with metastatic ability of NSCLC cells. Docosahexaenoic acid, an important long-chain, polyunsaturated omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid, significantly inhibited invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells, and concomitantly downregulated the expression of metastasis- and EMT-related genes and p-STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that DHA inhibited CCL18 expression in lung cancer cells, while overexpression of CCL18 effectively reversed DHA-mediated downregulation in the expression of metastasis- and EMT-related genes and p-STAT3 signaling as well as DHA-mediated inhibitory effect on metastasis and invasion of NSCLC cells. DHA inhibits NSCLC cell invasion and metastasis possibly through targeted inhibition of CCL18/ STAT3 signaling pathway and EMT process.

Enhancing the effect of biochar ageing on reducing cadmium accumulation in Medicago sativa L.

Biochar (BC) application to farmland soil can reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Cd. Nevertheless, BC is prone to natural ageing in soil, which alters its structure, physicochemical properties, thereby affecting the immobilisation of Cd. We used dry-wet and freeze-thaw cycles to mimic the natural ageing of BC, and used adsorption experiments to explore the changes of Cd adsorption capacity of BC and aged BC (ABC). We conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effects of BC and ABC on soil biotic and abiotic factors, alfalfa growth, and Cd accumulation in agricultural soils with high and low Cd concentrations. The increase of specific surface area, pore size, oxygen containing functional groups and mineral composition leads to better adsorption capacity of ABC. The adsorption of Cd(II) by BC and ABC is mainly by monolayer adsorption and chemical adsorption. Applying BC and ABC to Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased the aboveground biomass and decreased the Cd accumulation by reducing the Cd bioconcentration factor in alfalfa. At high Cd levels, adding BC and ABC reduced the Cd content in alfalfa shoots by 32.8 % and 35.1 %, respectively; the fixing effect of ABC was better than that of BC. Adding BC and ABC significantly increased the microbial biomass and geometric mean of enzymes. BC addition increased soil pH by 0.32-0.36 units and cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 15.5 %. Adding BC and ABC significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) by 5.7 % and 6.2 %, respectively. Random forest analysis showed that SOM, total organic carbon, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase were important variables for Cd content in alfalfa shoots. Structural equation modelling showed that BC indirectly affected the Cd content in alfalfa shoots by affecting soil pH, CEC, SOM, microbial biomass, and microbial metabolic activity. BC has a long-term effect on alleviating Cd pollution in farmland.

[Effect of different doses of radiation on human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells].

PURPOSE: To explore the effect of different doses of radiation on human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells (SACC-83, SACC-LM). METHODS: Different doses of radiation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Gy) were applied to SACC-83, SACC-LM cells and the cells were continued to culture for 48 h. CCK-8 test, flow cytometry(FCM) and cell scratch experiment were used to observe cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell migration. SPSS19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The effect of radiation on SACC-LM cells survival rate, cell apoptosis, heteroploid and cell migration ability were significantly greater than that on SACC-83 cells (P<0.05). In SACC-83 cells, compared with other doses of radiation, 6 Gy of irradiation was the most sensitive on cell survival rate, cell apoptosis, heteroploid and cell migration ability. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation sensitivity of SACC-LM was greater than that of SACC-83 cells. With 6 Gy of radiation, changes of biology in SACC-83 cells most significant than other doses of radiation.

Diagnosis and management of testicular rupture after blunt scrotal trauma: a literature review.

Testicular rupture, one of the most common complications in blunt scrotal trauma, is the rupture of tunica albuginea and extrusion of seminiferous tubules. Testicular rupture is more inclined to young men, and injury mechanisms are associated with sports and motor accidents. After history taking and essential physical examination, scrotal ultrasound is the first-line auxiliary examination. MRI is also one of the vital complementary examinations to evaluate testicular rupture after blunt scrotal trauma. Surgical exploration and repair may be necessary when the diagnosis of testicular rupture is definite or suspicious. Postoperative follow-up is to monitor the relief of local symptoms and changes of testicular functions. This review sums up the literatures about testicular rupture after blunt scrotal trauma in recent 16 years and also refers some new advantages and perspectives on diagnosis and management of testicular rupture.