Analysis of anticancer compound,indole-3-carbinol,in broccoli using a new ultrasound-assisted dispersive-filter extraction method based on poly(deep eutectic solvent)-graphene oxide nanocomposite / 药物分析学报

Indole-3-carbinol(I3C),an important anticancer compound found in broccoli,has attracted considerable attention.The rapid extraction and accurate analysis of I3C in the pharmaceutical industry in broccoli is challenging as I3C is unstable at low pH and high temperature.In this study,a rapid,accurate,and low-cost ultrasound-assisted dispersive-filter extraction(UADFE)technique based on poly(deep eutectic solvent)-graphene oxide(PDES-GO)adsorbent was developed for the isolation and analysis of I3C in broccoli for the first time.PDES-GO with multiple adsorption interactions and a fast mass transfer rate was synthesized to accelerate adsorption and desorption.UADFE was developed by combining dispersive solid-phase extraction(DSPE)and filter solid-phase extraction(FSPE)to realize rapid extraction and separation.Based on the above two strategies,the proposed PDES-GO-UADFE method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)allowed the rapid(15-16 min),accurate(84.3％-96.4％),and low-cost(adsorbent:3.00 mg)analysis of I3C in broccoli and was superior to solid-phase extraction,DSPE,and FSPE methods.The proposed method showed remarkable linearity(r=0.9998;range:0.0840-48.0 μg/g),low limit of quantification(0.0840 μg/g),and high precision(relative standard deviation≤5.6％).Therefore,the PDES-GO-UADFE-HPLC method shows significant potential in the field of pharmaceutical analysis for the separation and analysis of anti-cancer compounds in complex plant samples.

Integrating magnetization transfer imaging and fat suppression T 2WI for predicting the clinical activity of Graves ophthalmopathy / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and fat suppression T 2WI (FS-T 2WI) in predicting the clinical activity of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods:From October 2020 to July 2021, 64 GO patients were prospectively enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. According to the clinical activity score (CAS), the patients were divided into active group (CAS≥3, 39 patients and 78 eyes) and inactive group (CAS<3, 25 patients and 50 eyes). The coronal MTI and FS-T 2WI were scanned for pre-treatment assessment. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of extraocular muscles, and signal intensity ratio (SIR) between extraocular muscles and temporalis were measured, respectively. The independent-sample t-test was used to compare the MTR and SIR between two groups. The correlations between MRI parameters and CAS were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the value of each and combined parameters for predicting the clinical activity of GO. The DeLong test was used to compare the area under the curve (AUC). Results:The MTR of active group and inactive group were 0.45±0.04 and 0.51±0.04, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.62, P<0.001). The SIR were 3.4±0.6 and 2.6±0.5, respectively, and the difference was also statistically significant ( t=-8.20, P<0.001). MTR was negatively correlated with CAS ( r=-0.46, P<0.001), while SIR was positively correlated with CAS ( r=0.63, P<0.001). The AUC of MTR, SIR and the combination of MTR and SIR for predicting the clinical activity of GO were 0.840, 0.845 and 0.905, respectively. The combination of MTR and SIR showed higher performance than MTR or SIR alone, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.61, P=0.009; Z=2.15, P=0.032). Conclusions:The quantitative parameters of MTI and FS-T 2WI, namely MTR and SIR, can be used to evaluate the clinical activity of GO. Integrating MTI and FS-T 2WI can improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Research on automatic delineation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma target area based on generative adversarial network / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To propose a deep learning network model 2D-PE-GAN to automatically delineate the target area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and improve the efficiency of target area delineation.Methods:The model adopted the architecture of generative adversarial networks which used a UNet similar structure as the generator, and 2D-PE-block was added after each layer of convolution operation of the generator to improve the accuracy of delineation. The experimental data included CT images from 130 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The images were preprocessed before model training. In addition, three models of UNet, GAN, and GAN with an attention mechanism were compared, and Dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, Jaccard distance were employed to evaluate network performance.Results:Compared with UNet, GAN and GAN with the attention mechanism, the average Dice similarity coefficient of 2D-PE-GAN network segmentation of CTV was increased by 26%, 4% and 2%. The average Dice similarity coefficient of GTV segmentation was increased by 21%, 4%, 2%, respectively. Compared with the GAN network with the attention mechanism, the parameters and time of 2D-PE-GAN were reduced by 0.16% and 18%, respectively.Conclusions:Compared with the above three networks, 2D-PE-GAN network can increase the segmentation accuracy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma target area delineation. At the same time, compared with the attention mechanism with similar reasons, 2D-PE-GAN network can reduce the occupation of computing resources when the segmentation accuracy is not much different.

Identification of Drugs Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Infection using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Colonic Organoids

Summary ParagraphThe current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are currently no therapeutic options for mitigating this disease due to lack of a vaccine and limited knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 biology. As a result, there is an urgent need to create new disease models to study SARS-CoV-2 biology and to screen for therapeutics using human disease-relevant tissues. COVID-19 patients typically present with respiratory symptoms including cough, dyspnea, and respiratory distress, but nearly 25% of patients have gastrointestinal indications including anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Moreover, these symptoms are associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes1. Here, we report using human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonic organoids (hPSC-COs) to explore the permissiveness of colonic cell types to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Single cell RNA-seq and immunostaining showed that the putative viral entry receptor ACE2 is expressed in multiple hESC-derived colonic cell types, but highly enriched in enterocytes. Multiple cell types in the COs can be infected by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-entry virus, which was further validated in vivo using a humanized mouse model. We used hPSC-derived COs in a high throughput platform to screen 1280 FDA-approved drugs against viral infection. Mycophenolic acid and quinacrine dihydrochloride were found to block the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-entry virus in COs both in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed to block infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study established both in vitro and in vivo organoid models to investigate infection of SARS-CoV-2 disease-relevant human colonic cell types and identified drugs that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection, suitable for rapid clinical testing.

Laboratory diagnostics within a modular hospital at the time of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan.

An outbreak of the so-called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading rapidly nationwide in China since December 2019. Wuhan, Hubei Province, is the hardest-hit region, with a rise in confirmed cases and its hospitals overwhelmed. On 2nd February, 2020, Wuhan began to build a modular hospital to treat patients caught with mild illness. The mobile modular hospital is mainly composed of medical modules, technical support modules, ward units, living support units and transportation capacity under field conditions, and there are complete equipment and specialized personnel to treat patients. Due to the severity and particularity of SARS-CoV-2, taking granted from lessons learnt from mobile modular hospitals, we use the existing large venues to construct a new fixed modular hospital. As patients need to be treated and tested, it is important to develop a clinical laboratory in the modular hospital and ensure biosafety. The construction of a clinical laboratory in the modular hospital is faced with problems such as time pressure, limited site selection, high level of biosafety, lack of experience and so forth. This paper mainly discusses how to construct the clinical laboratory in the modular hospital quickly and safely and put it into use to provide testing service for patients under various limited conditions.

Study on the Preparation of Brucine Bilayer Polymer Soluble Microneedle and Its in vitro Transdermal Perme- ability under Different Drug Loading Modes / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To prepare Brucine （shorted for “Bru”）bilayer polymer soluble microneedles ，and to investigate their in vitro transdermal permeation characteristics under different drug loading modes. METHODS ：Taking the degree of difficulty of microneedle film uncovering ，array integrity ，bubble amount ，needle shape ，tip hardness and backing toughness as the indexes ， tip and backing materials were screened. The swelling method and drying method of matrix were screened using the morphology of microneedles as index. The double-layer polymer soluble microneedle was prepared by two-step method ，then it was characterized and evaluated in the safety. The in vitro transdermal permeation characteristics of tip-loaded ，backing-loaded and full-loaded Bru bilayer polymer soluble microneedles were investigated by Franz diffusion cell. The in vitro skin penetration curve was drawn ，and the cumulative permeability amount （Q）and cumulative permeability rate were calculated. RESULTS ：The optimal preparation technology of bilayer polymer soluble microneedles included chondroitin sulfate （CS）and polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30（PVP K 30） （1∶1，m/m）as tip materials ，15％ polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）as backing material ，matrix swelling in the refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 1 h，and drying at room temperature for 24 h in dryer. Prepared microneedle array was complete and had good mechanical properties，and could successfully puncture aluminum foil and rat skin. After microneedle treatment ，the skin could return to its original state within 6 h. The results of in vitro transdermal test showed that microneedle drug delivery could greatly increase the cumulative transdermal permeability amount of GNYL Bru，and the tip material could dissolve and release the drug within 10 min； the tip-loaded microneedle was basically released within 8 h，Q8h was 102.185 μg/cm2 and the cumulative permeability rate reached 94.05％ ； the drug cumulativepermeability rate of backing-loaded and full-loaded microneedlesexceeded 50％ within 8 h and exceeded 90％ within 48 h；Q48h were 840.77 and 1 156.73 μg/cm2，showing sustained-release characteristics. CONCLUSIONS ：Bru bilayer polymer soluble microneedles with hard tip and tough backing material are successfully prepared to achieve effective transdermal delivery and sustained release through full-loaded mode.

Effects of pressure gradient controlon circulatory and respiratory function in early stage of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in patients with gynecological laparoscopic surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of pressure gradient controlled carbon dioxide (CO 2) pneumoperitoneum establishment in patients with gynecological laparoscopic surgery on early circulatory and respiratory function. Methods:From November 1, 2018 to March 31,2019,100 case of gynecological laparoscopic surgery who were scheduled to undergo elective surgery in Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled and divided into experimental group(50 cases) and control group(50 cases) by random number table method. The experimental group used pressure gradient control method to establish CO 2 pneumoperitoneum, that is, the pneumoperitoneum pressure was set to 5, 9, 12 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) gradually rising three gradients, and after reaching the corresponding gradient, they were maintained for 1 minute to 12 mmHg; the control group used conventional method, that was, the pneumoperitoneum pressure was set directly to 12 mmHg, and began to inflate until reaching the preset pressure. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), end-of-breath partial pressure of CO 2 (P ETCO 2), peak airway pressure (P peak), arterial blood partial pressure of CO 2 (PaCO 2) and the intervention of cirulation and respiration were compared between the two groups before and within 15 minutes after pneumoperitoneum. Results:The max values of SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, P ETCO 2, Ppeak and PaCO 2 within 15 minutes after pneumoperitoneum in the experimental group were (117.08±13.07) mmHg, (77.08±9.43) mmHg, (90.06±10.33) mmHg, (69.04±9.10) times/min, (36.00±3.37) mmHg, (20.18±2.74) cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), (40.65±3.31) mmHg, higher than that of the control group (140.63±18.34) mmHg, (91.90±11.79) mmHg, (107.25±12.85) mmHg, (77.67±13.57) times/min, (38.31±4.31) mmHg, (24.81±4.26) cmH 2O, (45.19±4.49) mmHg, the differences were statistically significant( t values were-7.269--2.945, all P<0.01). The amplitudes of SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, P ETCO 2, Ppeak and PaCO 2 fluctuations before and after pneumoperitoneum in the experimental group were (10.14±6.34) mmHg, (8.98±5.88) mmHg, (9.14±5.44) mmHg, (5.80±2.48) times/min, (3.27±1.43) mmHg, (2.65±1.54) cmH2O, (4.08±1.74) mmHg, while the control group were (33.65±14.87) mmHg, (26.17±9.73) mmHg, (28.04±9.97) mmHg, (17.63±9.77) times/min, (6.98±2.89) mmHg, (7.44±2.35) cmH 2O, (9.52±3.92) mmHg, the differences were statistically significant( t values were -11.841--8.048, all P<0.01). Within 15 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, circulatory intervention was 4.08% (2/49) in the experimental group, lower than that in the control group 22.92% (11/48), the difference was statistically significant( χ2=7.412, P<0.01). Respiratory intervention in the experimental group was 0 (0/49), lower than that in the control group 10.42%(5/48), the difference was statistically significant(Fisher test, P<0.05). Conclusions:In gynecological laparoscopic surgery, using pressure gradient control method to establish CO 2 pneumoperitoneum is conducive to reducing the effect of early pneumoperitoneum on circulatory and respiratory function, maintaining the relative stability of circulatory and respiratory function, effectively reducing anesthesia-related interventions after circulatory and respiratory fluctuations, and is conducive to the safety of patients.

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2010-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To understand the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) with a purpose to accurately provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures, 2010-2017.@*Methods@#Data were retrieved from case reporting cards of Guangxi during 2010 to 2017 through National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Data was analyzed using epidemiological methods such number of cases, proportion and rate. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The HIV positive rate was 12.53 per ten thousand (85 182/67 959 000) in Guangxi during 2010 to 2017. The number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and the number of death yearly respectively increased by 22.34%(2 602/11 648) and 32.83% (952/2 900) in 2011 compared with 2010, and both showed a six-year continuous downward trend (the number of newly diagnosed cases respectively 12 229 cases, 10 877 cases, 9 460 cases, 9 190 cases, 8 848 cases, 8 680 cases, and the number of death respectively 3 888 cases, 3 316 cases, 2 914 cases, 2 717 cases, 2 595 cases, 2 600 cases) from 2012 to 2017. But proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% (50.53%-57.06%) for eight-years continuously. The ratio of male and female was 2.47 ∶ 1 (60 639/24 543). The ratio of males and females aged 50 and over was 2.71∶1 (28 654/10 557). Proportion of the cases in 25-49 years old group and 50 years old group accounting for 47.40%(40 377/85 182) and 46.03% (39 211/85 182) respectively. The occupation was farmers accounting for 68.40% (58 262/85 182), housekeeping, housework and unemployment accounting for 11.21% (9 546/85 182), student accounting for 0.86% (729/85 182). Heterosexual transmission accounted for 90.60% (77 171/85 182, homosexual transmission accounted for 3.13% (2 669/85 182), injection drug use transmission accounted for 4.60%(3 924/85 182) and mother-to-child transmission accounted for 0.73% (619/85 182).@*Conclusions@#The number of newly diagnosed cases and the number of death yearly showed a continuous downtrend for six-years from 2012 to 2017. However, proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% for eight-years. The major route of infection was heterosexual transmission. With the change of HIV/AIDS newly epidemic mode in Guangxi, there are many new challenges for HIV/AIDS prevention and control work. Strategy of targeted intervention modes should be innovated for a new breakthrough.

HIV genetic subtypes and comparison of the first CD4+T cell counts in newly diagnosed HIV infected patients in Liuzhou, 1998-2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the change trend of HIV genetic subtypes and compare the first CD4+T cell counts of newly diagnosed HIV infected patients in Liuzhou from 1998 to 2012, and provide a reference for AIDS prevention and control.@*Methods@#Newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients from 1998 to 2012 in Liuzhou were selected through national HIV/ADIS comprehensive response information management system. Their plasma samples were used for RNA gene extraction, amplification, sequencing and genotyping. Coharan-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the ratio trend of genetic subtypes and phylogenetic clusters of HIV and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was used to compare the first CD4+T cell counts (CD4) of the different subtype HIV infected patients.@*Results@#A total of 1 877 newly diagnosed HIV infected patients were included in the study. From 1998 to 2012, the proportions of CRF01_AE and CRF01_AE (Cluster 1) increased from 78.4% (76/97) to 91.5% (1 441/1 574), from 63.9% (62/97) to 74.0% (1 164/1 574), and the proportion of CRF07_BC decreased from 17.5% (17/97) to 4.6% (72/1 574), respectively (Z=4.632, P<0.001; Z=2.455, P=0.014; Z=-5.943, P<0.001). The median and interquartile range of the first CD4 of the patients infected with subtype CRF01_AE (Cluster 1), CRF01_AE (Cluster 2), CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC were 230 (83-375), 215 (48-351), 365 (254-503) and 334 (206-479) cell/μl, respectively. The first CD4 levels of the patients infected with subtype CRF01_AE (Cluster 1) or CRF01_AE (Cluster 2) were significantly lower than those of CRF07_BC (Z=-4.795, P<0.001; Z=-4.238, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The genetic subtypes of HIV were mainly CRF01_AE in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients and this subtype proportion was in increase and the first CD4 levels of the patients were low in Liuzhou during 1998 to 2012.

ClinicalvalueofRESOLVE-DWIinthediagnosisandstagingofthyroid-associatedophthalmopathy / 实用放射学杂志

Objective Toinvestigatetheclinicalvalueofreadoutsegmentationoflongvariableecho-trainsdiffusion-weightedimaging (RESOLVE-DWI)inthediagnosisandstagingofthyroid-associatedophthalmopathy(TAO).Methods Atotalof30consecutivepatientswith TAOand30healthycontrols(HCs)whounderwentRESOLVE-DWIwereenrolledinourstudy.ADCvaluesofextraocularmuscles (superiorrectus,inferiorrectus,medialrectusandlateralrectus)were measuredandcomparedbetween TAOsand HCs,active TAOsandinactiveTAOs,orinactiveTAOsandHCs.ROCanalysiswasperformedtoevaluatethediagnosticvalueofsignificantparametersfor discriminatingactivefrominactiveTAOs.Results TheADCvaluesofallextraocularmusclesinTAOsweresignificantlyhigherthan thoseinHCs(P<0.05).Meanwhile,alltheextraocularmusclesinactiveTAOsshowedsignificantlyhigherADCvaluesthanthose ininactiveTAOs(P<0.05),exceptlateralrectus(P=0.267).WhilstnosignificantdifferenceswerefoundontheADCvaluesofall extraocularmusclesbetweeninactiveTAOsandHCs(P>0.05).ROCanalysisresultsindicatedthattheADCvalueofmedialrectus showedtheoptimalstagingefficacy(cutoffvalue,1.40×10-3 mm2/s;AUC,0.766;sensitivity,92.1%;specificity,59.1%).Conclusion RESOLVE-DWIanditsderivedADCvaluesofextraocularmusclescanassistinthediagnosisofTAO.TheADCvalueofmedial rectushastheoptimalefficacyontheevaluationofitsclinicalactivity.

Clinical report of testicular hypoplasia combined with 21-hydroxylase deficiency / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) with male testicular dysplasia. METHODS Clinical data of 8 infertile males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-OHD was retrospectively analyzed. In addition, potential mutations of the CYP21A2 gene was detected. RESULTS All patients were referred because of azoospermia or severe oligospermia and had small testis with averaged testicular volume of 6.1 mL. Three patients had testicular adrenal rest tumors. Endocrinologic examinations revealed low levels of leutinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone, normal or elevated testosterone, elevated progesterone, elevated or normal adrenocoticotropic hormone, and low or normal cortisol. All patients had adrenal cortical hyperplasia, 5 with adrenal adenoma, 1 case associated with bilateral adrenal myelolipoma. All patients were given glucocorticoid replacement therapy for 3 to 6 months, which successfully improved the seminal status of 6 patient and resulted pregnancies in 5 couples. Seven pathogenic mutations of the CYP21A2 gene among the 8 patients. CONCLUSION 21-OHD can cause testicular hypoplasia and spermatogenic failure. Glucocorticoids and operations can obtain good result and improve spermatogenesis. Our results have shown a good genotype/phenotype correlation in these cases. All patients have carried the p.Ile172Asn mutation, which is associated with simple virilizing form.

Dynamic variations of BMI and influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2013-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the dynamic variation of BMI and influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi). Methods: HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART for the first time since 1 January 2013 were selected. Data on BMI was analyzed among patients receiving HAART at baseline,6 months and 12 months after treatment. By using the general linear model repeated measures of analysis of variance, BMI dynamic variations and influencing factors were described and analyzed. Results: The average BMI of 2 871 patients at baseline, 6th months and 12th months appeared as (20.65±3.32), (20.87±3.22) and (21.18±3.20), respectively, with differences all statistically significant (F=18.86, P<0.001). BMI were increasing over time with treatments (F=37.25, P<0.001). Main influencing factors were noticed as: age, sex, marital status, baseline data of CD(4)(+)T cells and the WHO classification on clinical stages. Conclusions: Higher proportion of BMI malnutrition counts was seen among patients before receiving HAART in Liuzhou. BMI of the patients that were on HAART seemed being influenced by many factors. It is necessary to select appropriate treatment protocols on different patients so as to improve the nutritional status of the patients.

Dynamic variations of BMI and influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2013-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the dynamic variation of BMI and influencing factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Liuzhou,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi).Methods HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART for the first time since 1 January 2013 were selected.Data on BMI was analyzed among patients receiving HAART at baseline,6 months and 12 months after treatment.By using the general linear model repeated measures of analysis of variance,BMI dynamic variations and influencing factors were described and analyzed.Results The average BMI of 2 871 patients at baseline,6th months and 12th months appeared as (20.65 ±3.32),(20.87 ± 3.22) and (21.18 ± 3.20),respectively,with differences all statistically significant (F=18.86,P＜0.001).BMI were increasing over time with treatments (F=37.25,P＜0.001).Main influencing factors were noticed as:age,sex,marital status,baseline data of CD4+T cells and the WHO classification on clinical stages.Conclusions Higher proportion of BMI malnutrition counts was seen among patients before receiving HAART in Liuzhou.BMI of the patients that were on HAART seemed being influenced by many factors.It is necessary to select appropriate treatment protocols on different patients so as to improve the nutritional status of the patients.

Effect of Simoyinzi Decoction on serum 5-HT and inflammatory factors in early onset of severe depression of perimenopausal women / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Simoyinzi Decoction on serum 5-HT and inflammatory factors in the treatment of perimenopausal women with early onset of severe depression.Methods 82 cases of perimenopausal women with primary severe depression were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 41 cases of each group.Control group received basic medicine treatment, the research group received Simoyinzi Decoction treatment,serum neurotransmitter, inflammatory factor and sex hormone levels were detected before and after the treatment, and clinical symptom score and clinical curative effect were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, levels of noradrenaline norepinephrine(NE), 5 serotonin(5-HT), dopamine(DA), glutamate(Glu) and N-methyl-D-aspartate(Asp) increased in 2 groups after treatment, levels of gamma amino acid (GABA) and glycine(Gly) decreased, levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) decreased, levels of estradiol(E2) increased, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αand CRP decreased, scores of HAMD and Kupperman decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), compared with the control group, levels of NE, 5-HT, Glu and Asp in the research group after treatment were higher, levels of GABA and Gly were lower, levels of FSH and LH were lower, levels of E2 were higher, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-αand CRP were lower, and scores of HAMD and Kupperman were lower, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05), and the effective rate in the control group(70.73%) was lower than the research group ( 90.24%) ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Simoyinzi Decoction in the treatment of perimenopausal women with early onset of severe depression was curative effective, and it can improve the 5-HT and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors.

Comparison of diagnostic value of TIRADS, BSRTC, BRAFV600E mutation detection and their combined use in differentiating thyroid nodules / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficiency of the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS), the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology(BSRTC) and BRAFV600E detection, and their combined use in the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods One hundred and twenty eight patients with 128 thyroid nodules who were scheduled for ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were recruited for the study. All of them underwent ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) examination, and BRAFV600E detection. TIRADS and BSRTC systems were adopted to judge the ultrasound and FNAC results. The receiver operating characteristic curve was established to assess the diagnostic value of each method. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of TIRADS were 74. 3%, 84. 5%, and 0. 794, respectively. BSRTC had higher specificity(98. 3%) and equal sensitivity compared to TIRADS. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of BRAFV600E detection were the highest ones among the three methods. Combinations of different methods could increase the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. The combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E detection significantly increased the diagnostic efficiency(AUC=0. 984), with sensitivity 98. 6% and specificity 98. 3%. Conclusions The diagnostic value of BRAFV600E detection in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules is better than both TIRADS and BSRTC, and the combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E detection reaches the best diagnostic efficiency.

Study on the characteristics of commercial sexual behavior and the risk factors analysis of HIV infection among the old male clients, in Guangxi / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the current situation and characteristics of commercial sexual behavior among old male clients in Guangxi, and to explore the associated risk factors of HIV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The areas in Guangxi where more old male HIV cases were reported followed by survey on those male clients who were over 60 years of age, were selected. A total of 5 ml blood sample was collected to test antibodies of HIV and syphilis. Risk factors were calculated by the multivariate logistic analysis method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 236 questionnaires were completed in the survey. 65.61% of the old male clients were from low-grade venues with 53.64% of them never using a condom when engaging in commercial sex behavior. 47.33% of them patronized sex workers for around 10 years. 53.32% of them patronized prostitutes not less than 2 times in the last 30 days. Thirty subjects were HIV positive (2.43%) and 40 were syphilis positive (3.24%). Factor as 'having fixed partners' (OR = 0.302, 95% CI:0.140-0.650) appeared protective for the old male clients of HIV infection, with a history of patronizing sex workers from 1 to 5 years (OR = 2.552, 95% CI: 1.086-5.998). Frequency of patronizing sex workers not less than 4 times in the last 30 days (OR = 3.002, 95%CI:1.047-8.607) seemed the high risk factor of HIV infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Older-aged male clients showed high HIV and syphilis infection rates in Guangxi, and most of them were using the low-grade venues. Commercial sexual behaviors in the areas would include early and, frequent exposure, but with poor protections. High risk factors of HIV infection might relate to "no fixed sexual partners" and "frequently commercial sexual behavior".</p>

Demographic characteristics HIV positive cases aged no less than 15 years old and related factors in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the demographic characteristics of the HIV positive cases detected in the screening project in communicable disease prevention demonstration area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and analyses the related factors of HIV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV antibody detection was conducted for local people aged no less than 15 years old in 3 demonstration counties, and the demographic information of the subjects were collected. The factors influencing HIV infection were analyzed with software PASW Statistics 18.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 770 454 local people aged over 15 years were screened, the HIV infection rate was 1.58‰ among them. The positive cases were mainly married males aged≥30 years and with the educational level of primary school and junior middle school. Thus male, age over 30 years and educational level of primary school and junior middle school. were the common risk factors for HIV infection, whereas being married was a protective factor for HIV infection in 3 demonstration counties, but Han ethnic group and divorced/widowed were risk factors for HIV infection in the demonstration county A, non-farmer, divorced/widowed and educational level of senior middle school were the risk factors for HIV infection in demonstration county B and Han ethnic group and farmer were risk factors HIV infection in demonstration county C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggested to conduct targeted HIV infection screening according to the survey results to find out the HIV cases in general population.</p>

Diagnostic and staging value of orbital structures quantitative measurement with 3T magnetic resonance imaging in Graves’ophthalmopathy / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and staging value of orbital structures quantitative measurement with 3T mag-netic resonance imaging in patients with Graves’ophthalmopathy (GO).Methods Twenty-three GO patients (patient group)and eighteen healthy volunteers (contrast group)were enrolled.Quantitative measurement of orbital structures including exophthalmos values,fatty tissue thickness of the inner side of eye balls,cross-sectional areas of extraocular muscles and signal intensity ratios of extraocular muscles to the ipsilateral temporal muscles (SIR values),and they were compared between two groups.Correlations be-tween the quantitative values and clinical active score (CAS)were accessed.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)analysis was performed to evaluate the most relevant quantitative parameter and its diagnostic value in discriminating active from inactive GO pa-tients.Results There were significant differences between the GO group and contrast group regarding to all the quantitative parame-ters (P <0.05).Strong correlation was found between SIR values and CAS (r =0.730,P <0.001 ).Significant difference of SIR was found between patients with active GO and inactive GO (P =0.002),and a cut off value of 3.25 might be the critical threshold value,with diagnostic sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 83.3% respectively.Conclusion Quantitative measurement of orbital structures with 3T MR imaging could provide assistant in diagnosing and staging of GO.

Multi-slice computed tomography manifestation of primary pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma / 中华全科医师杂志

Retrospective analysis of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) manifestations were conducted for 8 cases of pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma.And the relevant literature was also reviewed.The lesion sites were right upper lobe (n =5),lower lobe (n =2) and left upper lobe (n =1).One case was difficult to distinguish because of its huge mass and the remainder was all peripheral.With pseudocapsule (n =4),coarse calcification (n =1),hilar & mediastinal node metastasis (n =2) and cavity (n =1).The manifestations included extensive lung alveolar septal thickening & ground glass (n =1) and massive deep leaf & glitches (n =2).The scans were non-enhanced alone (n =1) and non-enhanced & enhanced (n =7).Six cases had shaped enhancement while another 5 uneven thickness of annular enhancement.And 4 cases had floating-ice change.Primary pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is common in subpleural lung lobe.And the floating-ice sign is valuable in the diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Sildenafil use and relevant risk factors among middle-aged or elderly male clients of female commercial sex workers in the central areas of Guangxi, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the illegal sidenafil use among middle-aged and elderly male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in central region of Guangxi as well as on related risk factors. Initial evaluation regarding the effect of illegal sidenafil use on HIV infection among the middle-aged and elderly men was also conducted.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A survey was conducted among the over 50-year-olds male clients of low-grade prostitutions in central areas of Guangxi. Information on demographics, related behavior, and illegal sidenafil use was collected. 5 ml blood sample were taken to test antibodies of HIV and syphilis. PASW Statistics 18.0 was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2 056 questionnaires were completed. 23.1% of the participants said they had ever used illegal sidenafil. The risk of sildenafil use was low among the male clients who were not over 60 years old (OR = 0.586, 95% CI:0.459-0.749). The risks of sildenafil use among the male clients with frequencies(in the past 30 days) of having commercial sex behavior were:only once (OR = 0.184, 95%CI:0.090- 0.378), twice (OR = 0.187, 95%CI:0.089-0.378) or three times (OR = 0.181, 95%CI: 0.085-0.384) lower than those with more than five times. Being single (OR = 0.608, 95% CI: 0.396-0.933), married/cohabiting (OR = 0.533, 95% CI:0.391-0.727), having unstable partners (OR = 0.558, 95%CI:0.393-0.792) seemed to be protective on those who used sildenafil, among the study population. Factors as 'never use the condom (OR = 1.642, 95%CI:1.125-2.397) or 'seldom use as condom (OR = 1.840, 95%CI:1.278-2.648) when having commercial sex, were under high risk among the sildenafil users. Forty-seven subjects were HIV positive, with the prevalence as 2.29% in this study population. Male clients of the FSWs who used sidenafil were under 60 years of age and with higher risk of HIV infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>people who were ≥60 years old, divorced/widowed/ separated, with frequencies (in the past 30 days) of having commercial sex more than 5 times, never or occasionally using a condom when having commercial sex etc., appeared at high risk. Middle-aged and elderly male clients who used sildenafil or sildenafil-like drugs were under high risk of contracting HIV infection.</p>