ABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant healing abutments have become popular because of their esthetic, mechanical, and chemical properties, studies analyzing oral polymicrobial adhesion to PEEK abutments are lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro and in vivo study was to evaluate oral microbial adhesion and colonization on titanium (Ti) and PEEK healing abutments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ti (N=35) and PEEK substrates (N=35) were evaluated in vitro in terms of the initial adhesion (1 hour) or biofilm accumulation (48 hours) of Candida albicans and a polymicrobial inoculum using stimulated human saliva to mimic a diverse oral microbiome. Surface decontamination ability was evaluated after 24 hours of in vitro biofilm formation after exposure to an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Conventional and flowable composite resin veneering on PEEK was also tested for microbial adhesion. In addition, an in vivo model with 3 healthy volunteers was conducted by using a palatal appliance containing the tested materials (3 or 4 specimens of each material per appliance) for 2 days to evaluate the effect of substrate on the microbial profile. Biofilms were evaluated by live cell counts and scanning electron microscopy images, and the microbial profile by Checkerboard deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization. The t test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the groups (α=.05). RESULTS: PEEK and Ti materials showed similar fungal adhesion (P>.05). Although the PEEK surface limited the initial in vitro polymicrobial adhesion (approximately 2 times less) compared with Ti (P=.040), after 48 hours of biofilm accumulation, the microbial load was statistically similar (P=.209). Er:YAG laser decontamination was more effective on PEEK than on Ti surfaces, reducing approximately 11 times more microbial accumulation (P=.019). Both composite resins tested showed similar microbial adhesion (1 hour). In vivo, the PEEK material showed reduced levels of 6 bacterial species (P<.05), including the putative pathogen Treponema denticola. CONCLUSIONS: Although PEEK and Ti had similar bacterial and fungus biofilm attachment and accumulation, PEEK promoted a host-compatible microbial profile with a significantly reduced T. denticola load.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de extensometria, a infl uência da flange do implante de titânio na deformação superficial do osso. Material e métodos: um bloco de poliuretano simulando um osso tipo I mais corticalizado e menos medular (40 PCF) recebeu um implante de hexágono externo intraoral, sem flange 3,75 mm x 8,5 mm (G1) e um implante de hexágono externo extraoral, com flange 3,75 mm x 8 mm (G2). Em seguida, foram instalados componentes standard com 2 mm de altura de cinta metálica e cilindros metálicos para restauração provisória. Dois extensômetros lineares foram colados na superfície do bloco (mesial e distal de cada implante), e uma carga axial de 100 Ncm em uma máquina de ensaio universal foi aplicada, com cinco medições de microdeformação (µÎµ) para cada implante. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste Shapiro-Wilk para verifi car a homogenidade dos dados e em seguida ao teste t Student. Resultados: as médias e desvios-padrão obtidos foram: G1: 148,2 ± 5,84 e G2: 92,4 ± 11,24 µÆ, com diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: os implantes extraorais tiveram melhor comportamento mecânico para as cargas axiais do que os implantes intraorais, sendo que a flange melhorou a distribuição da carga na superfície do bloco de poliuretano.
Objectives: to evaluate, by means of extensometry, the influence of the titanium implant flange on the superficial deformation of the bone. Material and methods: a polyurethane block simulating a more corticalized and less spinal type I bone (40 PCF) received an external intraoral hexagon implant with a 3.75 mm x 8.5 mm fl ange (G1) and an extraoral external hexagon implant, with flange 3.75 mm x 8 mm (G2). Subsequently, standard components with 2 mm high of metal strap and metal cylinders were installed for temporary restoration. Two linear strain gauges were glued to the surface of the block (mesial and distal of each implant), and an axial load of 100N in a universal test machine was applied with five microdemorphometric measurements (µÎµ) for each implant. The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilks test to verify the homogeneity of the data and then to the t-student test. Results: the means and standard deviations obtained were: G1: 148.2 ± 5.84 and G2: 92.4 ± 11.24 µÎµ, with signifi cant statistical difference between the groups. Conclusion: extraoral implants had better mechanical behavior for axial loads than intraoral implants, and the flange improved the load distribution on the surface of the polyurethane block.
Subject(s)
Humans , Comparative Study , Maxillofacial Prosthesis , Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation , Osseointegration , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de extensometria, a transmissão da carga mastigatória axial ao osso de suporte em próteses unitárias implantossuportadas por implantes de diferentes comprimentos. Material e métodos: em um bloco de poliuretano que simula 2 mm de osso cortical e o restante de medular, segundo a norma ASTMF1839, com 22 mm x 16 mm x 150 mm, foram instalados quatro implantes cone-morse infraósseos 2 mm: G1) 4 mm x 7 mm; G2) 4 mm x 9 mm; G3) 4 mm x 11 mm; G4) 4 mm x 13 mm. Sobre os mesmos, foram instalados pilares do tipo esteticone e cilindros metálicos. Dois extensômetros lineares foram colados na superfície do bloco, tangenciando a plataforma de cada implante (mesial e distal). Em uma máquina de ensaio universal, foi aplicada uma carga de 100 N sobre a superfície oclusal de cada cilindro. Para cada grupo, foram realizados cinco medições e os dados obtidos em microdeformacão (µÆ). Foi verificada a normalidade dos dados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e realizada a análise de variância 1 critério (p < 0,05), e o teste Tukey (p ï³ 0,5). Resultados: as médias e os desvios-padrão das amostras foram, respectivamente, G1: 346.16,3 ± 10,28 µÆ; G2: 216.91 ± 15,47 µÆ; G3: 114,41 ± 2,33 µÆ; e G4: 76.83,3 ± 7,13 µÆ. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk constatou a normalidade dos dados, e os testes Anova e Turkey a diferença estatística significante entre todos os grupos. Conclusão: para cargas axiais, implantes com menor comprimento produziram maior deformação no osso superfi cial.
Purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate, by extensometry, the transmission of the axial masticatory load to supporting bone around implants of different lengths. Material and methods: in a block of polyurethane that simulates 2 mm of cortical bone and the remaing of medullary bone, according to the ASTM-F1839 standard, with 22 mm x 16 mm x 150 mm, were installed 4 morse tappered dental implants, 2 mm subcrestal: G1) 4 mm x 7 mm; G2) 4 mm x 9 mm; G3) 4 mm x 11 mm; G4) 4 mm x 13 mm. Estheticone-like abutments and metallic cylinders were placed. Two linear strain gauges were bonded on block surface, tangential to the platform of each implant (mesial and distal). A 100 N load on the occlusal surface of each cylinder was applied to a universal test machine. For each group, five measurements and the data obtained in microdeformation (µÆ) were performed. The normality of the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test and (p < 0.05) and Tukey's test (p ï³ 0.5). Results: the means and standard deviation of the samples were respectively G1: 346.16.3 ± 10.28 µÆ; G2: 216.91 ± 15.47 µÆ; G3: 114.41 ± 2.33 µÆ; G4: 76.83.3 ± 7.13 µÆ. The Shapiro-Wilk test exhibit the normality of the data, and the Anova and Turkey tests exhibit statistically significant difference between all groups. Conclusion: axial load produced more tension for short implants on the superficial bone.