ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Advanced care planning (ACP) is the process of establishing goals for end-of-life care. We aimed to examine ACP's prevalence, associated factors, and impact in a cohort of patients undergoing gastrostomy tube procedures. METHODS: Adult patients who underwent gastrostomy tube placement from 2016 to 2021 âat a tertiary center were identified. Variables evaluated included age, sex, race, comorbidities, and median income of patient home zip code. Primary outcomes included the presence of ACP, length of stay (LOS), and 90-day mortality. Analysis was performed using independent T tests, Mann Whitney U-tests, and Chi Square analysis. ACP, LOS, and 90-day mortality were analyzed with multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 877 patients underwent gastrostomy tube placement and 10.6 â% had ACP. Black race was an isolated factor negatively associated with ACP (OR 0.423, p â= â0.013). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with or without ACP who died within 90 days of the procedure (17 â% vs. 15 â%, p â= â0.836). Average LOS was 6 days shorter for patients with ACP (p â< â0.001). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant underutilization and racial disparity in ACP, and found that ACP does not negatively impact outcomes or perioperative mortality for patients undergoing gastrostomy tube placement.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal time for initiating group B streptococcus (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis for women in spontaneous preterm labor. METHODS: In total, 227 women delivering singleton infants after presenting with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes at 24 0/7-36 6/7 weeks were evaluated, as well as 150 undelivered women with threatened preterm labor during the same time period. The date and time of each cervical examination throughout labor were recorded. We calculated the percentages who would have correctly received at least 4 h of GBS prophylaxis if antibiotics were routinely initiated for various cervical dilatation thresholds during labor, as well as the percentage of undelivered women who would have received unnecessary antibiotic exposure at each cervical dilatation cutoff. RESULTS: Delaying antibiotics until cervical dilatation reached 2 cm or greater would have resulted in 62.1% receiving four or more hours of antibiotics, compared to 66.5% if antibiotics were started on all women at admission (p = 0.33), while significantly reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure in undelivered women from 100% to 62.0% (p < 0.001). The 2-cm threshold was applicable regardless of gestational age period or prior vaginal delivery ≥ 20 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: GBS antibiotic prophylaxis may reasonably be withheld for women with suspected preterm labor until the cervix reaches 2 cm or greater at any time during labor.
Subject(s)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention & control , Labor Stage, First , Obstetric Labor, Premature/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Streptococcus agalactiae , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Pregnancy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between symptom severity in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, urodynamic testing (UDT), and cystoscopy. METHODS: Charts of subjects who underwent cystoscopy and bladder overdistention (BOD) from January 2006 to July 2007 were reviewed for data points, questionnaires, UDT, and BOD findings. The independent T test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed between questionnaires, urodynamic data, and cystoscopic findings. RESULTS: Significantly lower volumes on all UDT parameters and higher scores on the interstitial cystitis problem index and pain Likert scale were found in subjects who felt pain with filling on UDT. Significantly lower median volumes for certain urodynamic parameters were found in subjects with high pain Likert scores and O'leary-Sant indices and those with grade 3 glomerulations and anesthetic bladder capacities of less than 600 mL on BOD. CONCLUSION: UDT may be a useful adjunctive test in the evaluation of patients with irritative voiding symptoms.