ABSTRACT
Background: Adverse events after vaccination against COVID-19 include rare events, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Study Aims. Documentation of clinical and temporary characteristics of the Guillain-Barré syndrome after using anti-COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Case Presentation. An adult, 29-year-old male, without relevant medical history, who developed neuromuscular symptoms nine days after administration of the first dose of anti-COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Results: Symptoms appeared nine days after vaccination, with lower limbs paresthesia. Three days later, paresthesia of upper limbs occurred. The following day, distal weakness of limbs, with standing and gripping difficulties, occurred. The clinical evaluation demonstrated dysarthria, incomplete palpebral closure, bilateral facial, and tongue paresis. The electromyography was compatible with a motor demyelinating polyneuropathy, confirming the diagnosis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Management with five sessions of plasma exchange was prescribed, with favorable clinical results. Conclusions: Clinical and laboratory tests confirmed the Guillain-Barré syndrome and the time elapsed from the date of the vaccine administration to the appearance of initial symptoms, added to the absence of other causes, and allowed to establish that the disease was caused by the vaccination.
ABSTRACT
En enfermedades como la hipertensión arterial con frecuencia deben utilizarse tratamientos con dos o más medicamentos, por lo cual el uso incorrecto de ellos puede conllevar a interacciones de fármacos. En el contexto de la hipertensión arterial en América Latina, existen escasos estudios evaluando la magnitud de este problema. Se realizó el presente estudio, observacional, transversal, con un muestreó censal, con el fin de establecer la ocurrencia de potenciales interacciones de fármacos en pacientes con hipertensión arterial de hospitales de 11 municipios de Risaralda, Colombia, agosto 2009 a agosto 2010, usando un algoritmo diseñado para identificar posibles interacciones de fármacos. Se obtuvieron 65.535 registros de prescripción de antihipertensivos, de 3.813 pacientes hipertensos, 28,46% correspondieron con hidroclorotiazida y 2007% enalapril, entre otros. Del total de pacientes 17,60% (IC95% 16,34%-18,82%) presentaron interacciones potenciales de fármacos, siendo la mayor en el municipio Dosquebradas (21,09%; IC95% 18,79%-23,36%). La interacción más frecuente fue enalapril-hidroclorotiazida (45,58% de los pacientes) y la de mayor riesgo y frecuencia fue enalapril-espironolactona (2,41%). estos resultados, reflejan en parte, falta de cumplimiento de normas de tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial, asi como poca implementación de conductas de tratamiento basadas en evidencia, y también posiblemente dificultades en la formación universitaria, falta de programas de educación médica continuada, falta de interés y tiempo para acceder a los alertas y reportes de nuevas condicones de uso de los medicamentos y poca instrucción y enseñanza de la medicina basada en evidencias, aspectos sobre los cuales se debe intervenir integralmente con distintos enfoques
In diseases such as hypertension, commonly treatments with two or more drugs should be used, then their incorrect use can lead to drug interactions. In the context of the hypertension in Latin America, there are few studies assessing the magnitude of this problem. Current, observational, cross-sectional and census study was made in order to establish the potential ocurrence of drug interactions in patients with hypertension from hospitals of 11 municipalities of Risaralba, Colombia, august 2009 to august 2010, using an algorithm designed to identify possible drug interactions. A total of 5.535 antihypertensive prescription records from 3.813 hypertension patients, 28.46% corresponding to hydrochlorothiazide and 20.07% to enalapril, among others, were obtained. From the total of patients 17.60% (95% CI 16.34 %-18.32%) presented potential drug interactions, being highest at the municipality Dosquebradas (21.09%; 95% CI 18.79%-23.36%). Most frequent interaction was enalapril-hydrochlorothiazide (45.58% of patients) and that of higher risk and frequency was enalapril-spironolactone (2.41%). These results, reflected in part, the lack of adherence to hypertension treatment guidelines, as well few implementation of evidenced based treatment conducts, and possibly too defficulties in the university formation, lack of continue medical education programs. Lack of interest and time to access to the alerts and reports of new conditions of drugs use and few instructions and teaching of evidence based medicine, aspects that needs tobe integrally intervened with different approaches
