ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; affecting More than 415 million people. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the determinants of being overweight among Type 2 Diabetic patients attending diabetic clinics of public Hospitals in the Awusi resu zone of Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from May 5 to June 5/2021 by systematic random sampling 286 study participants were involved in the study (96 cases and 190 controls); Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the best model of factors leading to overweight. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as a measure of association. Results: Those who have attended college and above have an AOR; of 10.30 CI: (4.16-25.50) ten times higher odds of being overweight when compared to those unable/able to read. Only those who have a family history of diabetes AOR: 3.10 CI (1.04-9.30) have three folds of being overweight when compared to their counterparts. Of those who use insulin for controlling blood glucose (AOR: 0.14 CI (0.03-0.74) 96% at less likely to be overweight compared to those who use exercise. Conclusion and Recommendation: In this study, educational level, Family History, and type of blood glucose controlling mechanism were important predictors of overweight on T2DM. Moreover the diabetes patients were recommended to use insulin for controlling blood glucose.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Unmet need for family planning is a proportion of women among reproductive age group who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception. One in ten married women face unmet need for family planning world-wide whereas, one in five women in Africa. Thus, by understanding factors associated with unmet need specific to the study area; the study contributes to planning and intervention of programs, gives additional finding for controversies in earlier studies, and also helps as a baseline for other researchers conducting studies on similar topics. METHODS: A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from March 29-April 25, 2021 G.C on 462 currently married reproductive age women (154 cases and 308 controls) in Dewa Chefa District. Currently married reproductive-age women who were fecund, and wanted to limit or delay childbearing but were not using any contraceptive methods were taken as cases and currently married reproductive-age women who were using family planning or did not want to use were taken as controls. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Collected data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Binary Logistic regression was conducted and variables with p-value < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 462 women participated in this study, with 100% response rate. The mean age of the respondents was 27.92 years (with SD of ± 6.3) Age of woman 35-49 [AOR = 6.6 (1.1-39)], having poor knowledge on family planning [AOR = 1.9 (1.1-3.1)], using family planning decided by husband [AOR = 3.8 (2.1-6.9)], using family planning decided together [AOR = 2.3 (1.07-5.1)] and have no support and disapproval of husband for family planning use [AOR = 2.1 (1.08-4)] were factors significantly associated with unmet need. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Age of the woman, main decider of family planning use, knowledge about family planning and support and approval of spouse for family planning use were found to have significant association with unmet need for family planning. Thus, family planning providers, District health office, and other concerned bodies should strengthen female empowerment and male involvement in the program with strong couple counseling to reduce unmet need.
Subject(s)
Family Conflict , Family Planning Services , Female , Male , Humans , Adult , Ethiopia , Case-Control Studies , Contraception Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Contraception , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: Providing food to the school children is an important means of compacting malnutrition especially in high food insecure areas. Our study was conducted to evaluate the association between school feeding and nutritional status among students in primary schools of Dubti district in Afar region. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was employed on 936 primary school students from March 15-31/2021. For data collection, structured questionnaire was administered by the interviewer. Descriptive statistics as well as logistic regression was conducted. WHO Anthro-plus software was used to compute anthropometric data. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was calculated to identify the level of association. Variables with p-value <0.05 were taken as statistical level of significance. Results: A total of 936 primary school students, with 100% response rate, were included in the current study. The prevalence of stunting in school fed and non-school fed students was 13.7% 95% CI (11, 17) and 21.6% 95% CI (18, 25), respectively. The prevalence of thinness in school fed and non-school fed students was 4.9% 95% CI (3, 7) and 13.9% 95% CI (11, 17), respectively. Even though no record of overweight and obesity were found in non-school fed students, 5.4% 95% CI (3, 7) among school fed students was overweight/obese. Grade level, diet information source, media source availability, maternal age, the critical time for hand washing, and nutrition education were found to be predictors of malnutrition in both groups of students. Conclusion: The magnitude of stunting and thinness in school fed students is found to be lower, but overnutrition is higher than non-school fed. Grade level of students and diet selection information were determinants that affected the nutritional status of students. Coordinated education regarding good feeding practice, and personal as well as environmental hygiene should be given to the students and their families.
ABSTRACT
Worldwide, including in Ethiopia, there is an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the survival status and predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods: This study included 508 COVID-19 patients retrospectively who were under follow-up. The work has been reported in line with the STROCSS (strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in surgery) criteria. The data were collected through a systematic sampling from patients' charts. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and logrank test, and Cox's regression analyses were conducted to check the difference among categories of covariates and to identify predictors of mortality, respectively. Results: All patient charts were reviewed and the information was recorded. The average age (mean+SD) of these patients was 62.1+13.6 years. Among study participants, 422 deaths occurred and the mortality rate was 64.1 per 1000 person-days. The median survival time was 13 days [interquartile range (IQR): 10-18]. The significant predictors for this survival were: Age>45 years [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=4.34, 95% CI: 2.46-7.86], Diabetes mellitus (AHR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.77), Hypertension (AHR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.09-1.79), Renal disease (AHR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.43), Hypotension (AHR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.28-2.27), Electrolyte treatment (AHR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.97). Conclusion: The median survival of COVID-19 patients after their admission was 13 days, and predictors for this time were advanced age, preexisting comorbidities (like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal disease), hypotension, and electrolyte therapy.
