Self-reported increase in alcohol and drugs intake as a coping strategy in hospital workers during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. / Incremento de la ingesta de alcohol y drogas como estrategia de afrontamiento en trabajadores hospitalarios durante el brote de COVID-19: Estudio transversal.

Situations of psychological stress, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, could lead to an increase in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs of abuse as an inadequate coping strategy in health workers. This study aimed to investigate the intake of alcohol and drugs of abuse in hospital workers during the first wave of COVID-19. A further focus was to define the worker profile most vulnerable to this behavior through a logistic regression analysis. A cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain, during the first wave of COVID-19 was designed. Information was collected from a sample (n = 657) of healthcare workers (n = 536) and non-healthcare workers (n = 121). An online survey (including questions about basic health habits, working environment conditions, sociodemographic data, and the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire as a measure of psychological well-being) was conducted. Increased consumption of alcohol and/or drugs of abuse during the analyzed period of the pandemic was reported by 17.1% of workers. The following variables were associated with a higher probability of increased consumption of alcohol and/or drugs of abuse: male gender (p = .044), living alone or without dependents (p = .005), staff physician or resident (p = .010), having worked on the COVID frontline (p = .058), poor nutritional habits (p = .004) and self-prescription of psychotropic drugs to manage anxiety and insomnia (p = .003). A significant percentage of hospital workers increased their consumption of alcohol and drugs of abuse during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A professional risk profile can be defined for this practice.

Las situaciones de estrés psicológico, como la actual pandemia COVID-19, pueden implicar un aumento del consumo de alcohol y otras drogas de abuso como estrategia inadecuada de afrontamiento en profesionales sanitarios. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el incremento de la ingesta de alcohol y drogas de abuso en los trabajadores hospitalarios. Persigue también, mediante un análisis de regresión logística, definir qué perfil de trabajador es el más vulnerable a este comportamiento. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal en un hospital terciario en Madrid, España, durante la primera oleada de COVID-19. Participaron en el estudio un total de 657 trabajadores del hospital, 536 de ellos sanitarios y 121 no sanitarios. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de una encuesta en línea que incluía preguntas sobre hábitos básicos de salud, condiciones del entorno laboral, datos sociodemográficos, así como la versión de 12 ítems del Cuestionario de Salud General. El 17,1% declaró haber aumentado su consumo de alcohol y/o drogas de abuso durante el período analizado. Se asoció a una mayor probabilidad de dicho incremento: sexo masculino (p = ,044), vivir sin personas dependientes a cargo (p = ,005), ser médico adjunto o residente (p = ,010), haber trabajado en primera línea de COVID (p = ,058), presentar malos hábitos nutricionales (p = ,004) y realizar autoprescripción de fármacos psicotrópicos para controlar la ansiedad y el insomnio (p = ,003). Un porcentaje significativo de los trabajadores hospitalarios ha aumentado su consumo de alcohol y drogas de abuso durante la primera oleada de la pandemia COVID-19, existiendo un perfil de mayor riesgo para esta práctica.

Consenso español de salud física del paciente con depresión / Spanish consensus on the physical health of patients with depressive disorders

La comorbilidad entre depresión y enfermedades físicas es muy frecuente y tiene un impacto importante en el deterioro de la salud así como en la atención y tratamiento recibidos. Impulsado por las Sociedades Españolas de Psiquiatría y Psiquiatría Biológica, y la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) se realizó un consenso sobre la salud física en el paciente con depresión, que de forma resumida se expone en el presente trabajo. La revisión de la literatura puso de manifiesto la elevada frecuencia en pacientes con depresión de trastornos cardiovasculares y trastornos endocrinometabólicos como la obesidad y la diabetes, de tal modo que en pacientes con depresión serían aplicables las recomendaciones de prevención primaria y secundaria establecidas para los individuos con riesgo cardiovascular o metabólico. También es frecuente la comorbilidad entre depresión y dolor crónico, que obliga a la detección activa de ambos trastornos y a una intervención terapéutica integral. La presencia de esta comorbilidad puede condicionar, aunque no impedir el tratamiento farmacológico en cuya elección se deberá tener en cuenta los efectos secundarios y las interacciones de los distintos antidepresivos. Por su parte, la psicoterapia puede contribuir a la recuperación integral del enfermo. Globalmente, en el proceso de atención al paciente con depresión y enfermedades físicas comórbidas es fundamental la coordinación del médico de atención primaria, el psiquiatra y otros especialistas o profesionales implicados (AU)

Comorbidity between depression and physical illnesses is very common and has a significant impact on the health and management of the patient. With the support of the Sociedades Españolas de Psiquiatría y Psiquiatría Biológica, and Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) a consensus was prepared on physical health in patients with depression and is summarized in the present work. The literature review highlighted the high frequency of cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic disorders in patients with depression such as diabetes and obesity, thus making the primary and secondary prevention recommendations for patients with cardiovascular or metabolic risk applicable to patients with depression. Comorbidity between depression and chronic pain is also frequent, and requires an integrated therapeutic approach. The presence of physical illness in patients with depression may condition, but not preclude, the pharmacological treatment; drug selection should take into account potential side-effect and drug-drug interactions. On the other hand, psychotherapy may contribute to the patient's recovery. Overall, coordination between the primary care physician, the psychiatrist and other health professionals involved is essential for the management of patients with depression and concomitant physical illness (AU)

Spanish consensus on the physical health of patients with depressive disorders.

Comorbidity between depression and physical illnesses is very common and has a significant impact on the health and management of the patient. With the support of the Sociedades Españolas de Psiquiatría y Psiquiatría Biológica, and Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) a consensus was prepared on physical health in patients with depression and is summarized in the present work. The literature review highlighted the high frequency of cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic disorders in patients with depression such as diabetes and obesity, thus making the primary and secondary prevention recommendations for patients with cardiovascular or metabolic risk applicable to patients with depression. Comorbidity between depression and chronic pain is also frequent, and requires an integrated therapeutic approach. The presence of physical illness in patients with depression may condition, but not preclude, the pharmacological treatment; drug selection should take into account potential side-effect and drug-drug interactions. On the other hand, psychotherapy may contribute to the patient's recovery. Overall, coordination between the primary care physician, the psychiatrist and other health professionals involved is essential for the management of patients with depression and concomitant physical illness.

[The genetics of addictions]. / Genetica de las adicciones.

The addictions are common chronic psychiatric diseases which represent a serious worldwide public-health problem. They have a high prevalence and negative effects at individual, family and societal level, with a high sanitary cost. Epidemiological genetic research has revealed that addictions are moderately to highly heritable. Also the investigation has evidenced that environmental and genetic factors contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to addictions. Advances in the neurobiology of addiction joined to the development of new molecular genetic technologies, have led to the identification of a variety of underlying genes and pathways in addiction process, leading to the description of common molecular mechanisms in substance and behaviour dependencies. Identifying gene-environment interactions is a crucial issue in future research. Other major goal in genetic research is the identification of new therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention.

Genética de las adicciones / The genetics of addictions

Las adicciones son trastornos psiquiátricos crónicos, que representan un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Estos trastornos tienen una elevada prevalencia y efectos negativos tanto individuales, como familiares y a nivel social, con un alto coste sanitario. Los estudios de epidemiología genética han puesto de manifiesto que las adicciones tienen una moderada a alta heredabilidad. Estas investigaciones también han evidenciado que los factores ambientales y genéticos contribuyen a las diferencias individuales en la vulnerabilidad a las adicciones. Por otra parte, los avances en la neurobiología de las adicciones junto con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de genética molecular, han permitido la identificación de genes y vías implicados en el proceso de la adicción, dando lugar a la descripción de mecanismos moleculares comunes en las dependencias tanto a sustancias como conductuales. La identificación de las interacciones genes-ambiente es una cuestión crucial en la investigación futura. Otro objetivo prioritario de la investigación es la identificación de nuevas dianas terapéuticas para la prevención y el tratamiento

The addictions are common chronic psychiatric diseases which represent a serious worldwide public-health problem. They have a high prevalence and negative effects at individual, family and societal level, with a high sanitary cost. Epidemiological genetic research has revealed that addictions are moderately to highly heritable. Also the investigation has evidenced that environmental and genetic factors contribute to individual differences in vulnerability to addictions. Advances in the neurobiology of addiction joined to the development of new molecular genetic technologies, have led to the identification of a variety of underlying genes and pathways in addiction process, leading to the description of common molecular mechanisms in substance and behaviour dependencies. Identifying geneenvironment interactions is a crucial issue in future research. Other major goal in genetic research is the identification of new therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention