Postoperative Visual Function of Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lenses Versus Monofocal Lenses.

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt, as well as age, on postoperative visual function (corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA] and contrast sensitivity) by comparing an extended depth-of-focus IOL using higher order aspheric optics against a monofocal IOL from the same platform. METHODS: This retrospective observational study targeted patients without other eye diseases who underwent surgery to implant the Tecnis Eyhance OptiBlue or the monofocal IOL Tecnis OptiBlue 1-Piece (J&J Vision) during cataract surgery from November 2021 to December 2022. The effects of age, axial length, IOL decentration, tilt, and corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) on the postoperative 5 m CDVA and area under log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) under photopic and scotopic conditions were evaluated within 3 months of surgery. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in postoperative CDVA between the Tecnis Eyhance OptiBlue group (n = 61 eyes) and the Tecnis OptiBlue 1-Piece group (n = 35 eyes), but AULCSF was significantly better in the Tecnis Eyhance OptiBlue group for photopic (1.58 ± 0.13 vs 1.46 ± 0.18; P = .002) and scotopic (1.71 ± 0.11 vs 1.59 ± 0.19; P = .002) eyes. Multivariate analysis showed a negative correlation between AULCSF and IOL decentration and age in the Tecnis Eyhance OptiBlue group (P < .01), with no significant correlation with tilt, axial length, and corneal HOAs. CONCLUSIONS: The Tecnis Eyhance OptiBlue yielded significantly better contrast sensitivity under photopic and scotopic conditions than the Tecnis OptiBlue 1-Piece. However, it is important to consider the effects of IOL decentration and age when evaluating the contrast sensitivity of the Tecnis Eyhance OptiBlue. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(7):e499-e505.].

Lens capsule pathological characteristics in cases of intraocular lens dislocation with atopic dermatitis.

PURPOSE: To explore lens capsule pathological characteristics in intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation after cataract surgery in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). SETTING: University hospital department of ophthalmology. DESIGN: Case series with clinicopathological correlations. METHODS: Lens capsules and surrounding tissues excised during surgery from eyes with AD (AD group) and eyes without AD (non-AD group) with IOL dislocation were histologically evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess abnormal changes in lens epithelial cells (LECs). Masson trichrome staining distinguished the fibrous metaplasia around the lens capsule into high-density and low-density fibrosis. Capsular splitting (thinning) was identified in both stained preparations. RESULTS: The IOL dislocation morphology in the AD group (10 eyes of 10 patients) included 7 cases of capsular bag dislocation (CBD) and 3 cases of dead bag syndrome (DBS), with an average duration to IOL dislocation of 11.5 ± 5.6 years. All patients in the non-AD group (12 eyes of 12 patients) had CBD, averaging 10.2 ± 5.7 years to dislocation. Abnormal LECs, low-density fibrosis, and capsular splitting were observed in 9 (90), 9 (90), and 6 (60) of the patients in the AD group compared with 6 (50), 3 (25), and 2 (18), respectively, in the non-AD group (total n [%]). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the non-AD group, the AD group exhibited higher frequencies of morphological changes in LECs, low-density fibrosis around the lens capsule, and capsular splitting characteristics of DBS. These results suggest LEC degeneration and increased lens capsule fragility occurred in patients with AD.

Lens thickness in atopic cataract: case-control study.

PURPOSE: To examine whether atopic cataracts are associated with thinner lenses. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. DESIGN: Retrospective matched case-control study. METHODS: 31 eyes with atopic cataracts, 62 with nonatopic cataracts, and 31 without cataracts were analyzed. Each group was matched for age (±4 years) and sex. RESULTS: The mean lens thickness (LT) was 3.76 ± 0.40 mm, 3.94 ± 0.49 mm, and 4.11 ± 0.40 mm in eyes with atopic cataracts, nonatopic cataracts, and normal lenses, respectively. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the LT in the atopic cataract group was significantly thinner than that in the nonatopic cataract ( P = .036) and normal lens ( P < .001) groups. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a thinner LT was negatively correlated with age (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96) and positively correlated with anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) (OR, 5.61; 95% CI, 1.97-15.99). Atopy was not a significant factor. 24 (38.7%) of the 62 eyes with nonatopic cataracts and 24 (77.4%) of the 31 eyes with atopic cataracts had ASC. CONCLUSIONS: The lenses of eyes with atopic cataracts were thinner than those of controls. Atopic cataracts frequently present with anterior subcapsular opacity, which is associated with lens thinning.

Effect of Lecithin-Bound Iodine Treatment on Inherited Retinal Degeneration in Mice.

Purpose: Although lecithin-bound iodine (LBI) has been administered orally for retinal diseases, a lack of clinical studies and obscure action mechanism of LBI hinder its large-scale prescription. LBI treatment suppresses chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion from retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro. Herein, we assessed the in vivo effect of LBI treatment on retinal degeneration (RD) in mice. Methods: Mertk-/-Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice-a model for RD-demonstrate fluorescein-labeled microglia/macrophage to facilitate visualization of CX3CR1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and CCR2-red fluorescent protein (RFP). An LBI-containing mouse diet was provided to Mertk-/-Cx3cr1GFP/+Ccr2RFP/+ mice ad libitum from postnatal day (POD) 28. CX3CR1-GFP and CCR2-RFP expression was assessed at POD 56 using retinal sectioning and flat mounting. RD severity was assessed at POD 84. Retinal RNA was extracted from the mice of each group to measure chemokine expression. Electroretinography was performed to assess retinal function. Results: CCR2-RFP expression in the retina and retinal pigment epithelial cells was suppressed by LBI treatment compared with that in the control at POD 56. The number of outer nuclear layer nuclei was higher in the group fed with LBI-containing diet than in the control mice at POD 84. Ccl2 and Ccr2 RNA expression was suppressed by LBI intake. Electroretinography showed the LBI-treated group to have a high b-wave amplitude compared with the control group. Conclusions: Suppressing CCR2-RFP-positive macrophage invasion into the retina and CCL2 and CCR2 expression is a potential mechanism underlying LBI-mediated attenuation of RD. Translational Relevance: Life-long LBI administration may become a candidate for treating RD.

Substrate recognition and molecular mechanism of fatty acid hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 from Bacillus subtilis. Crystallographic, spectroscopic, and mutational studies.

Cytochrome P450 isolated from Bacillus subtilis (P450(BSbeta); molecular mass, 48 kDa) catalyzes the hydroxylation of a long-chain fatty acid (e.g. myristic acid) at the alpha- and beta-positions using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. We report here on the crystal structure of ferric P450(BSbeta) in the substrate-bound form, determined at a resolution of 2.1 A. P450(BSbeta) exhibits a typical P450 fold. The substrate binds to a specific channel in the enzyme and is stabilized through hydrophobic interactions of its alkyl side chain with some hydrophobic residues on the enzyme as well as by electrostatic interaction of its terminal carboxylate with the Arg(242) guanidium group. These interactions are responsible for the site specificity of the hydroxylation site in which the alpha- and beta-positions of the fatty acid come into close proximity to the heme iron sixth site. The fatty acid carboxylate group interacts with Arg(242) in the same fashion as has been reported for the active site of chloroperoxidase, His(105)-Glu(183), which is an acid-base catalyst in the peroxidation reactions. On the basis of these observations, a possible mechanism for the hydroxylation reaction catalyzed by P450(BSbeta) is proposed in which the carboxylate of the bound-substrate fatty acid assists in the cleavage of the peroxide O-O bond.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of fatty-acid hydroxylase cytochrome P450BSbeta from Bacillus subtilis.

Cytochrome P450 isolated from Bacillus subtilis (P450BSbeta; MW 48 kDa) catalyzes the hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids at the alpha and beta positions using H(2)O(2) as an oxidant. Crystals of the substrate-free form of P450BSbeta belonging to the trigonal space group P3(2)21 or P3(1)21 were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using a precipitate solution consisting of 10%(w/v) PEG 4000 and 50 mM MES pH 6.8. Another crystal form, belonging to the rhombohedral space group R3 or R32, was obtained from precipitate solution consisting of 10% PEG 4000, 0.15 mM magnesium acetate and 50 mM MES pH 6.5 in the presence of 2 mM myristic acid (substrate). Using synchrotron radiation, both P450BSbeta crystals diffracted to 2.5 A resolution. Bijvoet and dispersive anomalous difference Patterson maps show a clear peak corresponding to the haem iron.