ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis accounts for 50% of deaths in western countries. This multifactorial pathology is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells within the vascular wall, leading to plaque formation. We describe herein the synthesis of a PCTA-based 68Ga3+ chelator coupled to a phospholipid biovector 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE), which is the main constituent of the phospholipid moiety of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipid moiety. The resulting 68Ga-PCTA-DSPE inserted into HDL particles was compared to 18F-FDG as a PET agent to visualize atherosclerotic plaques. Our agent markedly accumulated within mouse atheromatous aortas and more interestingly in human endarterectomy carotid samples. These results support the potential use of 68Ga-PCTA-DSPE-HDL for atherosclerosis PET imaging.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Chelating Agents/chemistry , Gallium Radioisotopes/chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/chemistry , Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemistry , Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry , Animals , Aorta/metabolism , Aorta/pathology , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Carotid Arteries/metabolism , Carotid Arteries/pathology , Chelating Agents/chemical synthesis , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Development , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/chemical synthesis , Humans , Lipoproteins, HDL/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Mice, Knockout , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemical synthesis , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
Residual antimicrobials in food constitute a risk to human health, but poor knowledge is available about the significance of contaminated meat in developing countries. The purpose of the study was to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial drug residues in pork products in Madagascar. The occurrence of antimicrobial drug residues in pork meat were investigated by the Premi® test (DSM(©)) technique. There was a high incidence rate of drug residues, with 360 (37.2 %) meat samples being contaminated. A significant increase was observed between 2010 and 2011, with 32 and 39%, respectively. Pork meat samples are less contaminated by drug residues when animals are slaughtered in urban abattoirs (34.4%) vs in provincial abattoirs (42.2%), suggesting that animals under treatment (or sick) are sold preferentially in local abattoir. Drug residue levels in pork meats purchased in Madagascar appear to be serious public health problem at the moment.
