ABSTRACT
Results of 3 experiments suggest that feeling empathy for a member of a stigmatized group can improve attitudes toward the group as a whole. In Experiments 1 and 2, inducing empathy for a young woman with AIDS (Experiment 1) or a homeless man (Experiment 2) led to more positive attitudes toward people with AIDS or toward the homeless, respectively. Experiment 3 tested possible limits of the empathy-attitude effect by inducing empathy toward a member of a highly stigmatized group, convicted murderers, and measuring attitudes toward this group immediately and then 1-2 weeks later. Results provided only weak evidence of improved attitudes toward murderers immediately but strong evidence of improved attitudes 1-2 weeks later.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Empathy , Minority Groups , Persuasive Communication , Prejudice , Analysis of Variance , Female , HIV Seropositivity , Ill-Housed Persons , Humans , Male , Prisoners , Psychological Theory , Social Responsibility , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation , Phobic Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
An exact method of measuring the degree of inward-and outward rotation in the humero-scapular joint is demonstrated. The advantage of the use of computed tomography as compared with the clinical method of measurement is the accurate differentiation of the mobility of the individual parts of the arm's mobile elements with respect to the trunk and the documentation of the result. For inward rotation we have measured a mean value of 38 degrees on the right side and of 37 degrees on the left; the corresponding values for outward rotation were 37 and 41 degrees. In eleven patients who had undergone Bankart's operation we found the outward rotation of the arm in the shoulder joint decreased to a mean value of 15 degrees.
Subject(s)
Humerus/physiology , Rotation , Shoulder Joint/physiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Anthropometry , Humans , Humerus/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Joint/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The gradient between interior body temperature and external temperature was gradually measured in young pigs, since their skin resembles the properties of human skin. The interior temperature appeared to extend to 2.5 cm under the surface of skin. Then it drops, at first slowly and from 1 cm under the surface rapidly. Tumors or inflammations can only warm the skin directly when their site is 1 cm or less under the skin. Tumors which lie deeper may warm the skin via reflex zones. Warming by heat conduction is prevented by convection. Heating plates inserted 1.8 cm and 2 cm under the skin surface and heated 5 degrees beyond surrounding temperature do not warm the skin surface. This can be demonstrated by thermography. The importance of these results for thermographic tumor diagnosis is discussed.
